Chapter 2: introduction to Multimedia

Introduction

The term multimedia indicates that in addition to text,

graphics/drawing and photographs. Computer information can be
represented using Audio, Video and animation. The growth of
internet has boosted the demand for multimedia content.
Multimedia is an application that incorporates different
information content and processing techniques

Multimedia and hypermedia

 Multimedia is an application that uses a variety of

information content and processing methods for example
text, audio, graphics, video and etc.
 Hypermedia is the modification of hypertext, which can
access new web pages by click text link in a browser. The
common examples of hypermedia include
 World wide web (WWW)
 Power point
 Adobe acrobat

Types of Multimedia

There are two types of multimedia. They are

a. Linear multimedia
b. Non-linear multimedia

A linear is an active content that progresses without the viewer

influencing navigation such as Movie presentation.

Non-linear is not active as a linear; the user controls it, such as in

a computer game or self-spaced computer based training,
allowing users to control their development. Hypermedia content
is another term for non-linear content. Live and recorded
multimedia presentations are both possible.
Components of multimedia system

1. Text: this one of the essential features of multimedia, which

is used to create words, sentences and paragraphs
2. Graphics: are digital presentation of non-text information
like photography, charts and drawing
3. Animations: is the process of flipping a series of graphics
that creates an illusion of motion
4. Video: this is a photographic image that playback and
provides the appearance of full motion
5. Audio: is the Voice date that produces speech, sound or any
other data, which requires hearing.

Characteristics of multimedia

There are four essential characteristics of a multimedia system

a. Controlled: Multimedia systems must be controlled by a

computer for producing the information’s content, through
authoring tools, picture, editors, sounds and video editors
b. Linked: in multimedia systems all multimedia components
(audio, video, text and graphics) must be integrated
somehow, A single computer connects and controls all
devices such as Microphone and Camera.
c. Digital: they must be express the information they handle
digitally
d. Interactive: the interface to the final media presentation is
interactive. The computer process the user’s input and
generates an actual result depending on the user’s
information.

Multimedia and its application

The term multimedia is one of the fastest-growing sectors in

information technology today. Every aspects of life relates to
multimedia in one way or other such as watching TV, playing
games, Video conference and etc. multimedia applications include
  Multimedia in education
 Multimedia in science and technology
 Multimedia in business
 Multimedia in games
 Multimedia in industries
 Multimedia in language and communication
 Multimedia in medicine

Fundamentals of images and graphics

An image comprises of a rectangular arrangement of dots known

as Pixels. The measurement of image’s dimensions are in pixels
and expressed as a width by height ratio. The device’s resolution
determine the image’s actual size, in inches or Centimeters. DPI is
a unit of measurement to express the state of resolution (Dots per
Inch). A higher resolution gadget will make a picture appear
smaller than a lower resolution device. To represent all colors in a
color image, enough bits per pixel are required. The number of
bits per pixel defines the depth of an image.

It might be a good idea. An image is a two-dimensional of three-

dimensional representation of an object, a scene or a picture.

An image is a picture created or copied from and stored in a

digital form of data. A graphic represents an object in the form of
an image or visual as image a result, Computer graphics are
nothing more than images on a computer screen.

Image file Format

Most photo files fall into one of the two categories: Raster files or
Vector files

 Raster files are made of pixels or tiny dots that use color and
tone to produce the image
 Vector files are also known as scalable vector graphics
(SVG), these graphics consist of anchored dots and are
connected by lines and curves.
 Raster Vector
1. It is pixel based It is mathematical curves and lines
2. Best for photography Best for logos and designs
3. Large files size Small file size
4. More accessible Less accessible
5. Eg: JPEG, GIF, PNG SVG , PDF , EPS
6. Cost less Cost more
7. Occupy more space Occupy less space

 GIF – Graphics Interchange Format

 JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group
 PNG – Portable Network Graphics
 PDF – Portable Document Format
 EPS – Encapsulated Postscript
 SVG – Scalable Vector Graphics

Pixel size and appearance

What exactly is a pixel?

A digital image is not be a single entity that can’t be divided.

When you Zoom in close enough you will notice that your image
forms up of tiny tiles known as pixel in photography

Count the pixel

Resolution refers to the size of an image in a pixel, the pixel

count, which is the number of pixel that make up your shot is the
first type of resolution.

Image resolution and quality are directly linked to capturing an

image if you capture with high resolution you will receive a high
quantity image. If you capture with poor resolution you will
receive poor looking image of low quantity.

The quality and appearance of the image depends on the higher

pixels of the photos captured.
Digital Image Processing

A digital Image represents an image in a Two-dimensional way for

a finite set of digital Values called Elements of a picture or
Pixels.

Computers are used to edit digital photos using digital image

processing techniques. Treating images as 2—D signals is part of
the image processing system. Most images can be altered by
digital image processing.

Processors can be used in three different ways to

 Reduce image Noise

 Increase amounts of Details Seen
 Adjust and optimize the contrast properties of image

The image source can be any of Camera, A sensor, A Satellite, a

Scanner, a Mathematical equation, Statistical data, the Web, A
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) System and so on and
the computer is the processing device.

Fields used in digital image processing systems include

a. Gamma Rays: it is used in medical and astronomical

observations such as to find Tumors and infections in human
Body
b. X-Rays: it is used mainly in medical diagnostics
c. Ultraviolet Rays: UV radiation is utilized in a range of
industrial operations and medical as well as dental
treatments for various purpose including finding Bacteria,
curing inks and resins, phototherapy and sun tanning
d. Visible and infrared rays: Microscope allows us to see any
tiny image but will not provide a clear idea about that object
of the image. To get clear perception and view in detail, a
visual processing tool called Visual Rays or Infrared Rays
could be used, infrared or visible rays play an important role
in any of the following areas
  Microscope
 Astronomy
 Remote sensing
 Industry
e. Microwave Rays: the dominant application imaging in the
microwave band is Radar. A rader uses an antenna and
digital computer processing to record or capture image data
f. Radio Band: the significant uses of the radio band are
medical like MRI and Astronomy

Microsoft Photo Application

Microsoft photos is a Microsoft image viewer, image organizer,

raster graphics editor, photo sharing and video clip editor
application. It was initially released as a viable substitute for
windows photo viewer in windows 8.

In Microsoft operating system, Microsoft photos application is an

application which was introduced first by Microsoft Company for
windows 8 operating system to replace the old version of windows
photo viewer application.

This photo application is just a new version of photo viewer with

advanced software features that offer a lot of editing and
organizing characteristics for photography and video editors.

It’s now available in windows 10 operating systems freely and can

do different things like editing images, structuring, and making,
creating photo albums and videos and other options.

Starting Microsoft photo application

To open photo application

 From start menu, Type Microsoft photo or Photo

 Click an application named “photos”

Microsoft photos application will appear.

Components of photo application

The components of photo application include

 Collection: this is used to add photos and videos into one

searchable location
 People: is the way to organize and group peoples images
into facial recognition
 Folder: this is named location for storing information
 Album: gathers all related videos and photos into an album
or folder group
 Video editor: this option will list how many videos are there
in your lists for editing
 Search box: is where you can search any filename or image
by face
 New video: to make new video
 Import: to attach images and videos from your devices.

Creating new album

To create new album

 Click plus sign under album menu bar

  Type the name of the album
 Click create

Importing new files

To import an image or file

 Choose image or file you want to import

 Click on import
 Choose from a folder or device
 Select the folder then click ok

Folders in photo application

Another essential features of the photo app is using a folder tab

that shows you photos, which you can also add other subfolders.
To add a folder into photo apps follows steps below

 Click on the folder

 Click on the add folder
 Add folder you want