SRI SAIRAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
20ECPC603-WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
Answer all questions 12*10=120 MARKS
1. Consider a mobile radio system at 900 MHz carrier frequency, and with 25-kHz bandwidth,
that is affected only by thermal noise (temperature of the environment Te = 300 K). Antenna gains at
the TX and RX sides are 8 dB and −2 dB respectively. Losses in cables, combiners, etc. at the TX are
2 dB. The noise figure of the RX is 7 dB and the 3-dB bandwidth of the signal is 25 kHz. The
required operating SNR is 18 dB and the desired range of coverage is 2 km. The breakpoint is at 10
meters distance; beyond that point, the path loss exponent is 3.8, and the fading margin is 10 dB.
What is the minimum TX power? (CO1)
2. Consider the downlink of a GSM system. The carrier frequency is 800 MHz and the RX
sensitivity is (according to GSM specifications) −110 dBm. The output power of the TX amplifier is
50 W. The antenna gain of the TX antenna is 5 dB and the aggregate attenuation of connectors,
combiners, etc. is 2 dB. The fading margin is 10 dB and the breakpoint dbreak is at a distance of 10
m. Calculate the distance that can be covered.(CO1)
3. a)A mobile receives a signal of -80 dBm at 100 m. Using a path loss exponent of 3, estimate
the received power at 400 m
(b) The GSM TDMA system uses a 270.833 kbps data rate to support 8 users per frame. (a) What is
the raw data rate provided for each user? (b) If guard time, ramp-up time, and synchronization bits
occupy 10.1 kbps, determine the traffic efficiency for each user.(CO2)
4. If GSM uses a frame structure where each frame consists of 8 time slots and each time slot
contains 156.25 bits, and data is transmitted at 270.833 kbps in the channel, find (a) the time duration
of a channel (b) the time duration of a slot ( c) the time duration of a frame, and (d) how long must a
user occupying a single time slot wait between two successive transmissions? Assume the normal
time slot consists of 6 trailing bits, 8.25 guard bits, 26 training bits, and two traffic bursts of 58 bits of
data, find (e) the frame efficiency.(CO2)
5. If a signal-to-interference ratio of 15 dB is required for satisfactory forward channel
performance of a cellular system, what is the frequency reuse factor and cluster size that should be
used for maximum capacity if the path loss exponent is (a) n = 4, (b) n = 3? Assume that there are 6
co-channel cells in the first tier, and all of them are at the same distance from the mobile. Use suitable
approximations.(CO3)
6. 1200 calls are offered to a channel and 6 calls are lost. The duration of a call is 3 minutes.
Calculate a) Offered traffic b) Carried traffic c) Lost traffic d) Grade of Service e) Congestion time
(CO3)
7. If a total of 33 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD cellular telephone system
that uses two 25 kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels, compute the
number of channels available per cell, if a system uses (a) 4-cell reuse, (b) 7-cell reuse (c) 12-cell
reuse. If 1 MHz of the allocated spectrum is dedicated to control channels, determine an equitable
distribution of control channels and voice channels in each cell for each of the three systems.(CO4)
8. A 900 MHz carrier signal is frequency-modulated using a 100 kHz sinusoidal modulating
waveform. The peak deviation of the FM signal is 500 kHz. If this FM signal is received by a
superheterodyne receiver having an IF frequency of MHz, determine the IF bandwidth necessary to
pass the signal.(CO4)
9. a) "Given a wireless communication system that uses a non-linear power amplifier, which
type of modulation—linear or non-linear—would you choose? Justify your answer with examples of
suitable schemes." (CO5)
b) Explain the principle of combining diversity in wireless communication systems. Discuss in detail
the various combining techniques, such as maximal ratio combining, equal gain combining, and
selection combining. Include the necessary block diagrams and equations to illustrate the working of
each technique (CO5)
c) What is Equalization? Explain in detail about adaptive equalization with a neat diagram.(CO5)
(ii) Write short Notes on zero-forcing equalizers with necessary equations(CO5)
10. Explain in detail the concept of capacity in both fading and non-fading channels with respect
to Channel State Information (CSI). Discuss how CSI affects the capacity of these channels, and
analyze the differences in capacity for fading and non-fading environments. Illustrate the effect of
CSI on system performance and how it can be used to optimize communication strategies such as
adaptive modulation and beamforming.(CO6)
11. Assume four-branch diversity is used, where each branch receives an independent Rayleigh
fading signal. If the average SNR is 20 dB, determine the probability that the SNR will drop below 10
dB Compare this with the case of a single receiver without diversity (CO6)
12. Write short notes on the following (CO6)
A. Precoding
B. Beamforming
C. Waterfilling
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