Database
Management
Systems
Lecture - 5
Lecture’s Overview
► Database Application Development Process
► Preliminary Study of System
Database Application Development Process
Involves
► Database Design
► Application Programs
► Implementation
Database Design
► A DB Design is a model of a particular real-world system
► It provides a picture of reality
► Should be simple and self- explanatory
Database Development Process
Database Development Process
► Similar to software
development process
Preliminary Study
Requirement Analysis
DB Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Design Stages
Analyze User Environment
Develop Conceptual Model
Map Conceptual Model to
Logical
Choose DBMS
Develop Physical Design
Implement System
Test System
Operational Maintenance
Analyze Existing System
► Objective:
► To understand the working of existing system
► Analyze users’ requirements
Tool Used
► Why to use at all?
► Data Flow Diagrams
Data Flow Diagrams
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
► Represent the flow of data between different processes within a
system
Data Flow Diagrams
► Simple & intuitive, not focusing on details
► To describe, what users do, rather than what computers do
Data Flow Diagrams
► Limitations
► Focus only on flows of information
► Decision points/basis not included
DFD-Symbols
Dataflows:
Pipelines through which packets of information flow. Arrows are
labeled with name of the data that moves through
DFD-Symbols
Data Store
Repositories of data in system
Static data
Data held for processing
Name is a noun phrase
DFD-Symbols
Process transforms incoming data flow into
outgoing data flow
OR
DFD-Process
Numbered
►Name is verb/object phrase;
1.0 1.0
Process OR Process
DFD-Symbols
External Entities
► Sources/destinations for data
► Outside the system
► Name is Noun Phrase
DFD-Symbols
Collector
► Several data flows combine here
► No processing occurs here
DFD-Symbols
Separator
► Several data flows split from here
► No processing
DFD-Symbols
Ring-sum operator
► Shows two possible data flows
► Only one is followed
DFD-Symbols
AND operator
► Shows two data flows
► Both are followed
Types of DFD
► Context diagram
► Level 0 diagram
► Detailed diagram
Context Diagram
► Consists of single Process/System
► Represents the system/process being analyzed
► Name: Usually a Noun phrase
Context Diagram
► Show Context Only
► Inputs/outputs
► External Entities
► No Data Stores
► No flows between external entities
Context Diagram
Context Diagram
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Overview
Continue discussion on DFD
Discussion on Design Phase
Database Design and Data Models
Database
Management
Systems
Lecture - 5
