BP102T:PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS I
L:3 T:1 P:0 Credits:4
Course Outcomes: Through this course students should be able to
CO1 :: Recognize the different methods of analysis and expressing concentrations
CO2 :: Describe the theory and methods involved in various titrimetric analysis techniques
CO3 :: Demonstrate the applications of titrimetric analysis techniques in pharmacy
CO4 :: Analyze various titrimetric methods used for the purification of pharmaceutical
preparations
CO5 :: Estimate strength of an unknown compound by titration methods and validate them
CO6 :: Compare the different electrochemical methods for analysis with respect to their
construction, working and applications
Unit I
Basics of pharmaceutical analysis : methods of expressing concentration, sulphuric acid,
potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate, primary and secondary standards, different
techniques of analysis, preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- oxalic
acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate
Unit II
Errors and acid-base titration : sources and types of errors, methods of minimizing errors,
accuracy and precision, significant figures, theories of acid-base indicators, classification of acid-base
titrations, theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization
curves
Unit III
Nonaqueous and precipitation titration : solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration, estimation
of sodium chloride, estimation of sodium benzoate and ephedrine HCl, Volhard's and Modified
Volhard's method, Mohr's method, Fajan's method
Unit IV
Complexometric titration and gravimetry : classification of complexometric titration, masking and
demasking reagents, metal ion indicators, estimation of magnesium sulphate and calcium gluconate,
purity of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post-precipitation, principle and steps involved in
gravimetric analysis, estimation of barium sulphate, basic principles, methods and application of
diazotisation titration
Unit V
Redox titrations : concepts of oxidation and reduction, types of redox titrations (principles and
applications), iodimetry and iodometry, cerimetry, bromatometry, dichrometry, titration with
potassium iodate
Unit VI
Electrochemical methods of analysis : introduction, conductivity cell, conductometric titrations
and their applications, electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference electrode (standard
hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode), construction and working of indicator
electrodes (metal electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine end point of potentiometric
titration, principle of polarography and Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping
mercury electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications of potentiometry and polarography
Text Books:
1. PRACTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY PART 2 by A.H. BECKETT, J.B. STENLAKE, CBS
PUBLISHERS & DISTRIBUTORS PVT. LTD.
References:
1. INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA 2014 by IPC, INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA COMMISSION
2. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY by CHRISTIAN G. D., WILEY
3. VOGEL'S QUNTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALSYIS by J. MENDHAM, R.C. DENNEY, M.J.K
THOMAS, DAVID J. BARNES, PEARSON
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