Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 1
Revision #00
Printed by:
COLLEGE OF SAINT AMATIEL
LEVEL:
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – GRADE 11 July
STRAND/MAJOR:
GAS, ABM, HUMSS, ICT, and HOME ECONOMICS
SUBJECT TITLE:
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
COLLEGE OF SAINT AMATIEL
118 Int. Gen. Luna St.,
Brgy. San Agustin, Malabon
City
2023
All rights reserved
This MODULE is a property of College of Saint
Amatiel. CSA encourages the use of this
instructional material for education and training
purposes for appropriate credit given to College of
Saint Amatiel. Duplication and/or use of the
MODULE for commercial purposes require prior
written approval from College of Saint Amatiel.
For further information, please contact
College of Saint Amatiel
118 Int. Gen. Luna
Street, Brgy. San
Agustin, Malabon City
Contact No.: 8351-4993/ 0977-1518397
Email Add: sati_malabon2010@yahoo.com
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 2
Revision #00
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Welcome!
This module, contains training materials and activities related to
identifying learner’s requirements, preparing lesson plan, preparing basic
instructional materials and organizing learning and teaching activities for
you to complete.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning
activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets, Activities and Evaluation. Follow and
perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate
to ask for assistance from your teacher.
Remember to:
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
Read information sheets and complete the given activities. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
Most probably, your teacher will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way, you will improve your speed, memory and your
confidence.
Use activities and evaluation at the end of each section to test your own
progress.
When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your
Teacher to evaluate you.
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 3
Revision #00
MODULE CONTENT
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II - Grade 12
Self - Learning Module (SLM)
First Semester - Quarter 1
Lesson 1: Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses and Kinds of Quantitative
Research
First Edition 2023
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment
of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION:
This module guided by the K-12 Curriculum prescribed by the
Department of Education, the start of each chapter also highlights the
learning competencies to be acquired by the students in going through the
chapter.
To lead the learning of the students in a progressive and gentle way, the
learning competencies of the chapter are broken down into sections. This
course develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills through
quantitative research.
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 4
Revision #00
MODULE 1
CHARACTERISTICS, STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, AND
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, & kinds of quantitative
research. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 - Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, & Kinds of
Quantitative
Research
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define the specific terms that needed to be defined;
2. comprehend the context of the characteristics, strength,
weakness, and
the kinds of quantitative research; and
3. Describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of
quantitative research.
Pre – Test Activity
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of
the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of quantitative
research?
A. Its results are taken from a sample can be generalized to the
population.
B. It delivers an in-depth understanding of the problem or study.
C. It provides a more credible and reliable result.
D. It involves statistical analysis of numerical data.
2. In an experiment, which group does not receive intervention?
A. The treatment group
B. The participant group
C. The control group
D. The experimental group
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 5
Revision #00
3. Which of the following research questions could be answered by using
quantitative
research methods?
A. What is the most popular social media platform used by Senior
High School
students?
B. How has the Covid-19 pandemic affected career choices among
college
students?
C. What are the factors affecting depressive behavior?
D. None of the above.
4. Which statement below illustrates a weakness of quantitative research?
A. The responses of the participants are limited to what has been
asked and the choices given.
B. The researcher's perspective can influence interpretation of
results.
C. Data gathering takes too much time.
D. There is low degree of subjectivity.
5. Which of the following is NOT a strength of quantitative research?
A. Speedy data analysis
B. Less expensive
C. Replicable
D. Objective
Activity 1: Finding clues
Directions: Group the following word clues if they are characteristics of
Quantitative Research (Box A) or Qualitative Research
(Box B).
1. Measurable 6. Text-based 11. Subjective
2. Behavior 7. Intervention 12. Small sample
3. Statistical 8. Experimental group 13. Tables and charts
4. Narrative 9. Unstructured observation 14. Deductive
5. Objective 10. Inductive 15.
Generalizable
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 6
Revision #00
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
You have learned from Practical Research 1 that research method is
classified into two main types: quantitative and qualitative. While both
methods utilize a specific data gathering procedure, the former is generally
concerned with understanding phenomenon relating to or involving quality
or kind. The latter, on the other hand, is based on the measurement or
quantity. In this module, we will focus on quantitative methods of research
and its different kinds.
Quantitative research uses scientifically collected and statistically
analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena. A phenomenon is any
existing or observable fact or situation that we want to unearth further or
understand. It is scientific for the fact that it uses a scientific method in
designing and collecting numerical data. Once data is collected, it will
undergo statistical analysis like Pearson’s r, t-test and Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) for analysis. Since data is analyzed statistically, it is imperative
that the data obtained must be numerical and quantifiable, hence its name
quantitative research.
Numerical data are generally easier to collect than descriptions or
phrases used in qualitative research. Information like student’s grades in
different subjects, number of hours of engagement in social media
platforms of teens, percentage of consumers who prefer the color blue for
soap packaging, and average of daily Covid-19 patient recovery per region
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 7
Revision #00
are just few examples of research data expressed in numbers. Some data,
on the other hand, are not directly countable and thus require conversion
from non-numerical information into numerical information. For instance,
determining which brand of canned sardines is the best choice for
consumers in terms of taste cannot be expressed in numbers unless we do
a survey using a rating scale. Several forms of rating scales are available,
e.g., the Likert scale that we can use to quantify data. Usually, they come
in a selection of numbers with a corresponding meaning for each choice,
for example: 1= tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3 = undesirable.
Numerical choices convert texts into numbers so the researcher can
perform mathematical operations for faster, more accurate, and more
objective analysis.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research
problems because of the following characteristics:
1. Large Sample Size.
To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must
come from a large sample size.
2. Objectivity.
Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately,
objectively, and are unaffected by the researcher’s intuition
and personal guesses.
3. Concise Visual Presentation.
Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs,
charts, and tables possible and with better conveyance and
interpretation.
4. Faster Data Analysis.
The use of a statistical tools gives way for a less time-
consuming data analysis.
5. Generalized Data.
Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if
sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 8
Revision #00
samples were taken.
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection.
Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick
and easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research
instruments that allow the researcher to collect data from a
large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form
can be administered simultaneously to collect various
measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-economic
status, etc.
7. Reliable Data.
Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a
representative of the population, making it more credible and
reliable for policymaking and decision making.
8. High Replicability.
The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings
enhancing its validity, free from false or immature conclusions.
Strengths a of Quantitative Research
The following are the strengths of a quantitative research or its
advantages:
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established.
Weaknesses a of Quantitative Research
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 9
Revision #00
The following are the weaknesses of quantitative research or its
disadvantages:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in
depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human
experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as
feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given
responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified
into smaller and more specific kinds: descriptive, correlational, ex post
facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental.
1. Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon
by observing it as it occurs in nature. There is no experimental
manipulation, and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis.
The goal of descriptive research is only to describe the person or
object of the study. An example of descriptive research design is
“the determination of the different kinds of physical activities and
how often high school students do it during the quarantine period.”
2. The correlational design identifies the relationship between
variables. Data is collected by observation since it does not
consider the cause and effect, for example, the relationship
between the amount of physical activity done and student
academic achievement.
3. Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible
relationship between previous events and present conditions. The
term “Ex post facto” which means after the fact, looks at the
possible causes of an already occurring phenomenon. Just like the
first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this design. An
example of this is “How does the parent’s academic achievement
affect the children obesity?”
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 10
Revision #00
4. A quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-
and-effect relationship of variables. Although it resembles the
experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due
to the absence of random selection and assignment of subjects.
Here, the independent variable is identified but not manipulated.
The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects. The
group exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to the
group unexposed to treatment (control): example, the effects of
unemployment on attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ
declared areas.
5. Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to
establish the cause-and-effect relationship of two or more variables.
This design provides a more conclusive result because it uses
random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations.
For example, a comparison of the effects of various blended
learning to the reading comprehension of elementary pupils.
Group Activity:
Directions: Write your learning about the following:
1. What is quantitative research?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. Discuss the strengths of quantitative research.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
4. Discuss the weaknesses of quantitative research.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 11
Revision #00
_________________________________________________
5. Describe each type of quantitative design and give one (1)
example for each kind.
A. Descriptive design. ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
B. Correlational design. ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
C. Ex post facto design. ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
D. Quasi-experimental design. ___________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
E. Experimental design. ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
Quiz 1: True or False
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 12
Revision #00
Directions: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes
quantitative
research and FALSE if it is incorrect.
_______1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.
_______2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and
predict.
_______3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
_______4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than qualitative
data.
_______5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is
unique in every
case.
_______6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
_______7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any stage of the
process.
_______8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the
analysis of results.
_______9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
_______10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the
participants
in the study
Post – Test Activity
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of
the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of quantitative
research?
A. Its results are taken from a sample can be generalized to the
population.
B. It delivers an in-depth understanding of the problem or study.
C. It provides a more credible and reliable result.
D. It involves statistical analysis of numerical data.
2. In an experiment, which group does not receive intervention?
A. The treatment group
B. The participant group
C. The control group
D. The experimental group
3. Which of the following research questions could be answered by using
quantitative
research methods?
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 13
Revision #00
A. What is the most popular social media platform used by Senior
High School
students?
B. How has the Covid-19 pandemic affected career choices among
college
students?
C. What are the factors affecting depressive behavior?
D. None of the above.
4. Which statement below illustrates a weakness of quantitative research?
A. The responses of the participants are limited to what has been
asked and the choices given.
B. The researcher's perspective can influence interpretation of
results.
C. Data gathering takes too much time.
D. There is low degree of subjectivity.
5. Which of the following is NOT a strength of quantitative research?
A. Speedy data analysis
B. Less expensive
C. Replicable
D. Objective
Date Developed: Document No.
July 2023 CSA-PRI-MDL
MODULE on Date Revised: Issued by:
PRACTICAL CSA Page
RESEARCH II Developed by: 14
Revision #00
