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ASCII and Gray Code Explanation

ASCII is a character encoding standard that assigns numeric values to characters, using 7 bits for 128 values and extended ASCII for 256. Gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ by only one bit, minimizing errors in digital systems. The document compares ASCII and Gray code, highlighting their purposes, bit lengths, and use cases.

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75 views4 pages

ASCII and Gray Code Explanation

ASCII is a character encoding standard that assigns numeric values to characters, using 7 bits for 128 values and extended ASCII for 256. Gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ by only one bit, minimizing errors in digital systems. The document compares ASCII and Gray code, highlighting their purposes, bit lengths, and use cases.

Uploaded by

saktivelsanjith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASCII CODES

What is ASCII?

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a character encoding

standard that assigns a unique numeric value to letters, digits, punctuation marks, and control

characters. It was developed in the early 1960s and became the foundation of text-based data in

computing.

Structure of ASCII

ASCII uses 7 bits to represent each character, allowing for 128 different values (0 to 127). Extended

ASCII uses 8 bits (0 to 255) to support additional characters and symbols.

Categories of ASCII Characters:

- Control Characters (0-31 and 127): Non-printable characters used to control hardware (e.g.,

carriage return, line feed, tab).

- Printable Characters (32-126):

- Digits (48-57): '0' to '9'

- Uppercase letters (65-90): 'A' to 'Z'

- Lowercase letters (97-122): 'a' to 'z'

- Punctuation and symbols (33-47, 58-64, etc.)

Examples:

Character | ASCII Code (Decimal) | Binary

A | 65 | 01000001

a | 97 | 01100001

0 | 48 | 00110000
Space | 32 | 00100000

Uses of ASCII:

- Storing text in files (.txt, .html)

- Data communication between systems

- Programming (e.g., checking character values)

- Keyboard input mapping

Limitations:

- Only supports English characters and basic symbols

- Not suitable for international languages (solved by Unicode)


GRAY CODES

What is Gray Code?

Gray code, also known as reflected binary code, is a binary numeral system where two successive

values differ in only one bit. This minimizes errors in digital systems, especially in mechanical

encoders and communication systems.

Why Use Gray Code?

In binary systems, switching from one value to another might involve several bit changes, which can

lead to temporary false values. Gray code avoids this problem by changing only one bit at a time.

Gray Code Example (3-bit):

Decimal | Binary | Gray Code

0 | 000 | 000

1 | 001 | 001

2 | 010 | 011

3 | 011 | 010

4 | 100 | 110

5 | 101 | 111

6 | 110 | 101

7 | 111 | 100

How to Convert Binary to Gray Code:

1. The first bit remains the same.

2. Each following bit is obtained by XORing the previous binary bit with the current one.
Example: Binary 1011 -> Gray Code

- First bit: 1

- Second: 1 XOR 0 = 1

- Third: 0 XOR 1 = 1

- Fourth: 1 XOR 1 = 0

- Result: 1110

Applications of Gray Code:

- Rotary encoders (to measure angle/position)

- Digital-to-analog conversion

- Error correction in digital communication

- Karnaugh Maps (logic simplification)

Key Differences: ASCII vs Gray Code

Feature | ASCII | Gray Code

Purpose | Text representation | Error minimization in transitions

Bit Length | Typically 7 or 8 bits| Varies (based on system)

Characters | Represents symbols | Represents numbers

Use Case | Programming, text | Digital circuits, robotics

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