1. What is the main difference between probability and non-probability sampling?
a) Probability sampling always gives accurate results, while non-probability does not
b) Probability sampling is based on random selection, while non-probability is not
c) Probability sampling is easier to implement than non-probability sampling
d) Non-probability sampling is more reliable than probability sampling
Answer: b) Probability sampling is based on random selection, while non-probability is not
2. What is not a characteristic of a good sample design?
a) It should be truly representative
b) It should have a large sampling error
c) It should be viable in terms of cost
d) It should ensure systematic bias is minimized
Answer: b) It should have a large sampling error
3. Which of the following statements best describes non-probability sampling?
a) It provides a basis for estimating the probability of each unit being selected.
b) It ensures randomness in the selection process.
c) It involves deliberate selection by the researcher.
d) It is primarily used in large-scale scientific research.
Answer: c) It involves deliberate selection by the researcher.
4. What is another name for non-probability sampling?
a) Random sampling
b) Chance sampling
c) Deliberate sampling
d) Systematic sampling
Answer: c) Deliberate sampling
5. In which scenario is non-probability sampling more commonly used?
a) Large-scale scientific research
b) Small inquiries and individual research
c) Government census surveys
d) Clinical drug trials
Answer: b) …
6. Which of the following best describes the difference between probability sampling and non-
probability sampling?
a) Probability sampling involves deliberate selection, while non-probability sampling is purely
random.
b) Probability sampling ensures each element has an equal chance of selection, while non-probability
sampling does not.
c) Probability sampling is always superior to non-probability sampling.
d) Non-probability sampling allows for statistical measurement of errors, whereas probability
sampling does not.
Answer: b) Probability sampling ensures each element has an equal chance of selection, while non-
probability sampling does not.
7. The principle of Statistical Regularity in probability sampling implies that:
a) The selected sample will always match the population exactly.
b) If a sample is chosen randomly, it will likely reflect the characteristics of the population.
c) Every sample selected will contain all possible elements of the population.
d) Sampling without replacement is always better than sampling with replacement.
Answer: b) If a sample is chosen randomly, it will likely reflect the characteristics of the population.
8. In systematic sampling, how is the first item selected?
a) Deliberately chosen by the researcher
b) Randomly selected from the first few items using random numbers
c) Selected at a fixed interval from the start
d) Assigned based on prior knowledge of the population
Answer: b) Randomly selected from the first few items using random numbers
9. Which of the following is an advantage of systematic sampling?
a) It is more expensive than simple random sampling
b) It ensures all elements have an equal probability of selection
c) It spreads the sample evenly over the population
d) It eliminates all possible bias in the sampling process
Answer: c) It spreads the sample evenly over the population
10. What is the key characteristic of cluster sampling?
a) The entire population is divided into homogenous groups, and a few elements are randomly
selected from each group.
b) The total population is divided into a number of non-overlapping areas, and entire selected
clusters are sampled.
c) Items are selected at regular intervals from a list.
d) A fixed percentage of items is selected randomly from the entire population.
Answer: b) The total population is divided into a number of non-overlapping areas, and entire
selected clusters are sampled.
11. What is a major advantage of cluster sampling?
a) It captures more information than simple random sampling.
b) It is more cost-effective than simple random sampling.
c) It ensures that each element has an equal probability of selection.
Ans c
12. What is the primary purpose of multi-stage sampling?
a) To reduce bias in the sampling process
b) To collect data from the entire population
c) To divide a large population into smaller, more manageable units for sampling
d) To select samples purely based on geographical divisions
Answer: c) To divide a large population into smaller, more manageable units for sampling
13. In a two-stage sampling design, what is typically the second step?
a) Selecting all elements within the first sampled unit
b) Selecting a random subset from the first sampled unit
c) Selecting another primary sampling unit
d) Selecting the entire population
Answer: b) Selecting a random subset from the first sampled unit
14. Sampling with probability proportional to size ensures that:
a) Each cluster has an equal chance of selection regardless of size.
b) Larger clusters have a higher chance of being selected than smaller ones.
c) All elements are selected systematically from each cluster.
d) The probability of selection remains constant across clusters.
Answer: b) Larger clusters have a higher chance of being selected than smaller ones.
15. Stratified sampling is most useful when:
a) The population is highly homogeneous
b) The population consists of clearly defined sub-groups with different characteristics
c) The researcher wants to select items at fixed intervals
d) The sample size is too small to make meaningful estimates
Answer: b) The population consists of clearly defined sub-groups with different characteristics
16. What is the key characteristic of cluster sampling?
a) The entire population is divided into homogenous groups, and a few elements are randomly
selected from each group.
b) The total population is divided into a number of non-overlapping areas, and entire selected
clusters are sampled.
c) Items are selected at regular intervals from a list.
d) A fixed percentage of items is selected randomly from the entire population.
Answer: b) The total population is divided into a number of non-overlapping areas, and entire
selected clusters are sampled.
17. Area sampling is a special case of cluster sampling where:
a) The population is divided based on demographic characteristics.
b) The primary sampling unit is a geographic subdivision.
c) All units within a cluster are sampled without exception.
d) The sample is selected at fixed intervals across the population.
Answer: b) The primary sampling unit is a geographic subdivision.
18. In multi-stage sampling, what is the first step when selecting a sample for studying nationalized
banks?
a) Selecting a sample of bank employees.
b) Selecting a few banks from different cities.
c) Selecting large primary sampling units such as states.
d) Randomly selecting individual bank branches.
Answer: c) Selecting large primary sampling units such as states.
5. Sampling with probability proportional to size ensures that:
a) Each cluster has an equal chance of selection regardless of size.
b) larger clusters have a higher chance of being selected than smaller ones.
c) All elements are selected systematically from each cluster.
d) The probability of selection remains constant across clusters.
Answer: b) Larger clusters have a higher chance of being selected than smaller ones.
19.What is the primary purpose of multi-stage sampling?
a) To reduce bias in the sampling process
b) To collect data from the entire population
c) To divide a large population into smaller, more manageable units for sampling
d) To select samples purely based on geographical divisions
Answer: c) To divide a large population into smaller, more manageable units for sampling
20. In a two-stage sampling design, what is typically the second step?
a) Selecting all elements within the first sampled unit
b) Selecting a random subset from the first sampled unit
c) Selecting another primary sampling unit
d) Selecting the entire population
Answer: b) Selecting a random subset from the first sampled unit
