YTU

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

DEPARTMENT OF BASIC ENGLISH

READING ASSIGNMENTS

B1+ LEVEL
2024 – 2025 SPRING TERM
ANSWER KEY
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

READING ASSINGMENTS

B1+ Reading Assignment 01 …………………………………………………………… 1

B1+ Reading Assignment 02 …………………………………………………………… 4

B1+ Reading Assignment 03 …………………………………………………………… 7

B1+ Reading Assignment 04 …………………………………………………………… 11

B1+ Reading Assignment 05 …………………………………………………………… 15

B1+ Reading Assignment 06 …………………………………………………………… 18

B1+ Reading Assignment 07 …………………………………………………………… 22

B1+ Reading Assignment 08 …………………………………………………………… 26

B1+ Reading Assignment 09 …………………………………………………………… 29

B1+ Reading Assignment 10 …………………………………………………………… 32

B1+ Reading Assignment 11 …………………………………………………………… 35

B1+ Reading Assignment 12 …………………………………………………………… 38

B1+ Reading Assignment 13……………………………………………………………. 42

READING ASSIGNMENT 1
Read the text and answer the following questions.

ABOUT HEROES

1 The word hero can be confusing because it has several different meanings. Thus, it can
be said that there are also several types of heroes. The first one is ordinary people who
perform an act of great courage. For example, a fireman who risks his life to save someone
from a burning house is considered a hero. In addition, there are other heroes who are
extraordinary people. They are the men and women who serve as examples for our own life.
In other words, they are the people who we want to be like.

2 People have always had such heroes. Some have been the saviours or the builders of their
country, like Atatürk. Others have been religious leaders, like the Pope. Some others have
been conquerors and revolutionaries like Fatih Sultan Mehmet and Che Guevera, or pioneers
such as Christopher Columbus. Characters in novels like Harry Potter, or movie stars like
Marilyn Monroe have also been considered heroes. Whatever they did, they were all shining
stars that showed the way to their followers. The desire to be like them can bring out the best
in their admirers or fans.

3 Many articles that have been published in recent years claim that there are no more
heroes in the Western world. The authors say that, especially in Europe and North America,
young people now refuse to admire anyone. They believe that we are living in a world too well
informed and too critical to trust in heroes. The media, books, and television show us the
defects of today’s stars, so in time we stop believing in them. Then, we start looking for
weaknesses in all successful people. We even try to discover failures in our neighbours and
statesmen.

4 Is it true that we know too much? Were our ancestors lucky to know less about their
heroes? People who read the biographies of Joan of Arc and Sinan the Architect, or other great
men and women of the past did not learn that their heroes had bad behaviours or disliked
their mother. __________________________. Because of this, their admiration for their
heroes was strengthened.

5 Modern biographers respect facts, and they think they should show “the whole person”.
However, they tell us more than we really need to know about people’s private lives, family
secrets, and human weaknesses. The true greatness of a man is often forgotten when his

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weaknesses are shown. As a result, people lose their admiration for him. They also stop
trusting any other “star” completely.

6 We can see this clearly in the answers of a group of high-school students near Los Angeles,
who were asked who their heroes were. “Nobody”, said a young man, “because our heroes
were destroyed. They were described to us with all their faults. That makes it hard to trust the
‘historical’ heroes.” Another student, a girl, added that “The people we try to be like are the
unknown adults, the non-celebrities in our lives. Instead of dreaming of being like some
famous woman somewhere, I want to be like my mom’s best friend. Of course, no one in this
room would know her but I know and admire her, and that’s enough for me.”

7 Television and films offer many shallow heroes to their young audiences. Many parents
are unhappy to see their children’s admiration for Superman, Spiderman, or for a rock singer
without ideas or talent. However, such heroes do not last very long. In fact, after a few years
the growing teenagers begin laughing at these heroes. They start looking for better guides. No
matter what they say, they do find them. The student who chose her mother’s friend as a hero
has a perfectly good hero of her own. Moreover, her hero is much easier to imitate than
Gandhi or Robin Hood.

8 It may be difficult to be a hero in the critical Western world these days. However, surely
excellence has not disappeared completely. There are still individuals who are better than
others in terms of their wisdom, their courage, or their character. They can be heroes if people
do not see their faults and continue to respect them. Heroes are needed everywhere, at all
times. Without heroes, it’s a sad sky without any shining stars.

QUESTIONS

1. According to paragraph 1, what are the types of heroes?

a. _Ordinary people______________________________________.
b. _Out-of-the-ordinary figures/extraordinary people__________.

2. According to paragraph 2, what is the common quality that all heroes share?
a. They guide their fans in some ways.
b. They are famous people that their fans love.
c. They have saved their country from bad situations.
d. They take control of places or people by force.

3. In paragraph 2, line 7, “admirers” is closest in meaning to _______________________.

a. friends c. co-workers
b. enemies d. supporters

4. According to paragraph 3, why aren’t there any heroes in the Western world?
Young people refuse to admire anyone /
We are living in a world too well informed, too critical to trust in heroes. /
The media shows us the faults of today’s heroes so we stop believing in them.

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5. In paragraph 3, line 5, “defects” is closest in meaning to _______________________.
a. effects c. mistakes
b. achievements d. actions

6. In paragraph 4, line 4, which of the following sentences could best fit into the blank?
a. However, in time people learned that those heroes had some really bad qualities.
b. Although these were bad qualities, people thought it was okay to have them.
c. Instead, they only found a description of their heroes’ great achievements.
d. Similarly, evil characters in the history were associated with only bad behaviors.

7. In paragraph 5, line 1, what does “the whole person” mean?

____Both good and bad qualities of a person______________________.

8. According to paragraphs 4 and 5, what is the difference between modern biographers and
biographers in the past?
In the past, biographers focused on the great achievements of great people. However,
now biographers show the whole picture – both good and bad sides of heroes ___.

9. Which of the following CANNOT be understood from paragraph 7?

a. Heroes that are shown on TV do not have enough intellectual depth for some people.
b. Gandhi and Robin Hood are similar heroes in terms of their behaviors.
c. Taking her mother’s friend as her hero is actually advantageous for the student.
d. Growing teenagers admire heroes like Superman or Spiderman more in time.

10. In paragraph 7, line 5, “them” refers to _____better guides________.

11. In paragraph 7, line 6, “her” refers to ______(the) student’s________.

12. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 8?

a. Nowadays, we have more skillful heroes compared to the ones in the past.
b. If people do not have any heroes, there will be no one to follow.
c. It is impossible to find a real hero in the Western world.
d. People should learn from their heroes’ mistakes.

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READING ASSIGNMENT 2
Read the text and answer the following questions.

____________________________________________________

1. At the beginning of April 2010, the computer giant Apple put their iPad on the market in
the US. One of the features available on this new gadget is iBooks, an electronic book
reader which allows customers to read books, and also to browse and buy through the
iBookstore. Ebooks are not a new thing – Sony entered the market as long ago as 2004
and Amazon’s Kindle has been available since 2007 – but it is predicted that the number
of e-readers will now continue to grow at an even faster rate. E-reading is just the latest
stage in the development of reading.

2. Reading and writing materials have already changed dramatically over history. Thousands
of years ago, writing was not on paper but on tablets made of clay. Writing was carved
into the clay before it was baked to become hard. Different civilizations also used other
materials such as bone, tortoise shells or papyrus.

3. Papyrus was a plant which grew on the banks of the Nile, in Egypt. It was used by the
ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans for writing and also to make boats, mats, baskets
and ropes even in the third millennium BC. Our word paper comes from the ancient Greek
name for the plant, papyros. Later, animal skins became more popular. A type of paper,
as we know it, was introduced in the 2nd century AD by the Chinese and arrived in Europe
in the 11th century AD via the Arabs.

4. The use of paper and, very importantly, the invention of the printing press, gave birth to
books as we know them today. The earliest evidence of printing comes from China, and
dates back to the 9th century*, when wooden blocks were used.
_____________________________. News of this invention spread very quickly and by
1500 about 2,500 European cities had them, printing books in huge quantities at more
affordable prices.

5. The printing press changed the way people communicated. By spreading knowledge and
ideas, it also radically changed the power and shape of society. Reading was no longer in
the hands of a few (the literary and religious, the rich and powerful); as the number of
printed materials grew, education also developed. Over the centuries, the process of
reading changed too, from being a mainly public, oral activity to a silent, private one. Even
so, today literacy rates vary considerably: in some countries such as the UK and Japan it
is 99%, yet in other countries it is still below 30%.

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6. It remains to be seen what the impact of e-readers will be and whether they will replace
printed books, or serve a different function. Paper books have, after all, been with us for
almost a thousand years. Whatever happens, it looks as if e-readers are here to stay!
* The Diamond Sutra text is a Chinese Buddhist document, written in 868 AD. This is the earliest dated
printed book in the world (currently in the British Library).

QUESTIONS

1. What could be the best title for this text?

a. The Changing Face of Reading
b. Reading Preferences across the World
c. Why People Prefer Technological Reading Tools
d. The Relationship between Reading and Writing

2. It is clear from the paragraph 1 that __________________________________.

a. Apple has the largest number of e-books in the market.
b. customers get e-books free once they buy an iPad.
c. the idea of e-books isn’t something original.
d. Amazon is the leader company in the e-book sector.

3. What are some different writing materials that are mentioned in the text?
___ clay, bone, tortoise shells, papyrus, animal skins, paper _____________

4. It can be inferred from the paragraph 4 that the increase in the number of printing
press ___________________________________.
a. resulted in huge need for more papyrus in Europe.
b. made it quite easy to get news from other countries.
c. affected China’s economy in a positive way.
d. meant that people could buy books more cheaply.

5. How did the invention of printing press affect the society?

Reading was no longer in the hands of a few (the literary and religious, the rich and
powerful); as the number of printed materials grew, education also developed.

6. The writer believes that e-books _________________________________________.

a. are a technological tool to persuade people to buy e-readers.
b. will continue to be in our lives for a long time.
c. have replaced paper books since 2004.
d. may have an adverse effect on people’s seeing ability.

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7. Which of these sentences could best fit into the blank in paragraph 4?
a. However, the first mechanical printing press was invented in Germany by
Gutenburg in 1440.
b. Therefore, it was quite difficult for the Chinese to produce large amounts of books
rapidly.
c. Similarly, books about different fields of study were on the increase during the
Middle Age.
d. Likewise, a sophisticated economic system in imperial China gave birth to
inventions such as the compass and the gunpowder.

8. “them” in paragraph 4, line 5 refers to __the printing press machines___________.

9. “one” in paragraph 5, line 5 refers to ____the process (of reading)__________.

10. What does “affordable” in paragraph 4, line 6 means?

____reasonable (prices), inexpensive___________________________________________

11. “considerably” in paragraph 5, line 6 means ________________________________.

a. just little
b. very much
c. less than
d. more than

12. What could be the source of this text? Tick the ones that could be the source of this
text.
poem novel interview newspaper
survey website dictionary magazine
article diary encyclopedia

A magazine or website about technological gadgets / a newspaper’s technology

page

13. Who is the intended audience of this text?

__people who read the technology news of newspapers or magazines__________

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READING ASSIGNMENT 3
Pre-reading questions
 What is the meaning of the word ‘taboo’?
 What are some of the taboos in Turkish culture? Do you think they are common
among other cultures as well? Why (not)?
 Should travelers consider the taboos of the countries that they visit? What happens if
they don’t?
 How do you think the following pictures are related to the topic of taboos?

Read the text and answer the

following questions.

TRAVEL & TABOOS

1. Every culture has its

own unwritten list of behaviors
that are acceptable. Every society also has taboos, or types
of behavior that are considered unacceptable. If you travel to another country, on business
or holiday, it is helpful to learn about that country’s customs so that you don’t insult the local
people.

2. The word taboo comes from the Tongan language. It is used in modern English to
describe verbal (spoken) and nonverbal behavior that should be avoided. In spite of what
some people may think, taboos are not universal. They tend to be specific to a culture or
country. They usually form around a group’s values and beliefs. ____________________. As
a result, it may raise negative reactions.

3. Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about
publicly. They can also relate to how a person speaks. Topics of conversation that may be
sensitive should be avoided. If a topic is sensitive in your own culture, it will probably be the
same in other cultures. In many cultures, for example, it is considered offensive to discuss
subjects such as sex or religion in public. That is, if you talk about such subjects, people may
find it rude and annoying because they think you show no respect to them. Also, in some
countries, the volume of one’s voice may offend people. In Japan, for example, people are
more soft-spoken. The Japanese might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly
is rude.

4. Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language. For example, one of the biggest
differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. In
the U.S., people make eye contact when they talk to others. If a person avoids eye contact,
others might think that they are dishonest or that they lack self-confidence. In addition, if
two people are having a conversation and the listener is not making eye contact, the speaker
may think that the listener is not interested. In many Asian cultures, however, making direct
eye contact with someone is often considered aggressive. In many African cultures, making

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direct eye contact with an older person or a person of higher social rank or status is
considered rude and disrespectful. In many Asian and African cultures, children are taught to
lower their eyes when talking to their elders and they should never make direct eye contact
in order to show respect.

5. Certain actions, especially with the hands and feet, can cause offense in many cultures.
In Thailand, as in most other Buddhist cultures in Asia, touching a person on the head is
considered very insulting. They believe that the head is the highest point on the body, and
therefore it is considered the most important part of the body. As the feet are the lowest, it
is considered an insult to point at someone with one of your feet or show the soles of your
feet to someone. Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings
depending on the country you are in. Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the
sign for good luck in many Western countries. However, in Vietnam and Argentina it is a rude
gesture. Making a “V” sign with the forefinger and middle finger, with the palm of your hand
turned toward your body, is used to mean a quantity of two. However, in the U.K. and
Australia, this gesture is extremely disrespectful. Also, in some Asian countries, moving your
hands a lot while talking, or ‘talking with your hands,’ is considered impolite.

6. Another topic to consider is gift giving. The idea of the perfect gift changes greatly from
country to country, and one of the easiest ways to offend somebody is to give him/her the
wrong gift. In China, it is taboo to give clocks and fans. The Chinese word for ‘fan’ has a similar
sound to the word for ‘separation’, while the sound for ‘clock’ is similar to that of ‘death’. In
Japan, gifts should never be given in sets of four, as the sound of the word ‘four’ in Japanese
is similar to the sound of the word meaning ‘death’. If you give such gifts in these specific
cultures, people will find it extremely rude.

7. Wherever you go in the world, you should always be tolerant of the local customs. You
should avoid being critical. Instead, try to show respect for the values of the country you are
in, even if you do not necessarily agree with them. Behavior that is acceptable and non-
offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another. When interacting with people in
foreign countries, be aware of some of the main differences between their culture and yours
so that you can overcome the risk of insulting them. Otherwise, you may not have a pleasant
trip.

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 QUESTIONS

Instructions for questions 1-3: Read the main ideas (A-F) in Column B and match the correct
main idea to each paragraph in Column A. Write the letter of the correct main idea in the
space. Note: there are three extra statements.

Paragraphs Main Ideas

A. Touching a person’s head is thought to be extremely rude especially

1. Paragraph 3 _B__ in Asian cultures.
2. Paragraph 5 _E__ B. Sensitive, private subjects and the way that people speak may be a
taboo.
3. Paragraph 6 _C__
C. People need to be aware of taboos in a culture while they are
buying presents for someone from that culture.
D. People should never discuss some subjects such as sex or religion in
public.
E. There are taboos related to some parts of the body in different
cultures.
F. Giving someone a gift in sets of four is a taboo because of its
meaning.

4. According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following statements about taboos is

NOT true?
a. Taboos are the same in every society.
b. Taboos may be verbal or nonverbal.
c. Taboos are unacceptable behaviors.
d. Taboos are based on morals of the societies.

5. In paragraph 2, line 4, which of the following sentences could best fit into the blank?
a. Therefore, an acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in
another.
b. On the other hand, there are some taboos which are shared by different cultures.
c. This is because people in the same community have similar beliefs and values.
d. Similarly, all countries located in one region have the same taboos.

6. In paragraph 3, line 4, “offensive” is closest in meaning to ______________.

a. beneficial
b. dangerous
c. supportive
d. unpleasant

7. According to paragraph 4, in the U.S. avoiding eye contact may mean 3 things:
a. ___dishonesty_______________________.
b. ___lack of self-confidence__________________.
c. ___lack of interest_________________.

8. In paragraph 4, line 10, “they” refers to _children (in many asian and african
cultures)_____.

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9. According to paragraph 5, moving your hands a lot while talking is ______________.
a. considered impolite in Australia
b. inappropriate in some Asian countries
c. is a sign for good luck in Western countries
d. is a reinforcing element of the sign language

10. In paragraph 5, line 11, “this gesture” refers to making a v sign (with the forefinger
and middle finger, with the palm of your hand turned toward your body)_.

11. The function of paragraph 5 is to _____________________ the idea that is

mentioned in paragraph 4.
a. argue against
b. further develop
c. introduce an idea which is different from
d. criticize and refute

12. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is wrong about gift giving in China
and Japan?
a. People should never give fans as a gift.
b. People should never give clocks as a gift.
c. People should never give gifts in sets of four.
d. People should never give expensive gifts.

13. In paragraph 7, line 6, “them” refers to ____people in foreign countries_____.

14. In paragraph 7, the author’s tone is ______________.

a. cautionary
b. supportive
c. critical
d. sarcastic

15. The author’s purpose in writing this text is to ______________.

a. persuade the reader to travel and interact with people from different
countries
b. criticize people who talk about the topics that are taboos in certain cultures
c. inform the reader about cultural differences and their effects
d. prove taboos are only creating problems in human interactions

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READING ASSIGNMENT 4

TELECOMMUTING

1. Armed with a laptop, a pager, a personal data organizer, a high-speed Internet

connection, and a second telephone line, Lori Gottlieb works every morning dressed in her
pajamas. Gottlieb is just one of 23 million Americans who work from home at least part-time.
Many businesses, both small and large, allow some of their employees to telecommute, or
‘telework’ partly as a response to the need for more flexible working schedules but mostly
as a result of today’s Web technology.

2. Businesses that employ teleworkers can benefit financially through increased

productivity. For instance, studies show that telework programs reduce absenteeism,
increase workers’ performance by 10 to 15 percent, and cut expenses by as much as 40
percent. For example, the employer does not have to pay for costs such as parking facilities,
office furniture, copy machines, or printers. Telecommuting also helps businesses save
money on recruiting because they are given access to professionals all over the globe
through the Internet. In other words, they no longer have to hire or employ people who are
close enough to drive to work. At the same time, they save on training costs.

3. ____________________________. Telework programs can offer workers the flexibility

to manage their work life and home life in a way that maximizes benefits to workers. They
can be a good option for many employees. For example, parents with school-age children or
people with disabilities can benefit greatly from it. It is also a good alternative for people who
face transportation challenges such as traffic or high costs. Besides, it is a good option for
employees who are assigned to projects with tight deadlines and could be more productive
in a quieter environment. Teleworkers seem to enjoy their jobs, too. According to the results
of a recent questionnaire, only 3 percent of teleworkers report that teleworking has had a
negative impact on their careers. More than 26 percent say that teleworking hasn’t affected
their careers positively or negatively, while 71 percent report being more satisfied with their
jobs after beginning to work from home.

4. In order for a telework program to be efficient, strict guidelines should be followed to

ensure that the program is beneficial to both the business and the employee. For instance,
businesses should:
a. Choose employees who will telecommute wisely. A person may be a really good worker
but may not be self-motivated, so he may not work effectively at home without
supervision. However, you don’t want to fire a good worker just because he needs
someone present to make them work.
b. Establish guidelines for telecommuting. Draw up a contract which details expectations,
how objectives should be met, how performance will be evaluated, and how meetings
will be held.
c. Check when necessary. Schedule frequent phone conversations, daily e-mail exchanges,
or periodic teleconferences, especially if the worker is part of a team. However, if
deadlines are met and the employee’s performance is good, trust the employee and
avoid micromanaging. That is, do not frequently try to control what the employee is
doing at home.

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d. Keep track. Make checklists or use other forms to make sure that a teleworker’s tasks
are not copied in the office by another employee.
e. Provide necessary technology. If a teleworker does not have access to the technology
that is needed to do his or her job properly, the arrangement will fail.
f. Provide proper training. Be sure that all employees know how to use their work tools in
the most efficient manner. Computer software can be sophisticated. Formal training can
help avoid future complications by ensuring that workers are all using the software in
the same way.

5. Telecommuting can be lonely, chaotic, or invasive to the home environment.

Employees should consider several important things before deciding to work at home.
a. Is the environment suitable? Does the next-door neighbor have a baby who cries all day
long? Do you live on a very busy and noisy street? If the work environment is not
peaceful, it may be difficult for you to concentrate.
b. Do you have an appropriate place to work? Make a separate space in the home where
you can work. Ask family members or housemates not to disturb you when you are
working there. When you are finished for the day, put away your work and treat your
home like a home again.
c. Do you have the mentality required to work from home? Are you a social person? Do
you like interaction with other people? You might feel isolated and lonely as a
telecommuter.
d. Can you be available when necessary? For instance, people who work in the office
should be able to reach you whenever they need.
e. Do you have the necessary technology? Be sure to have the up-to-date technology that
you need. You may also need access to your company’s internal network system.

6. The Internet has made it easy for people to telecommute. E-mail is cheap, easy, and
provides almost instant access to files and presentations. Conferencing technologies have
improved a lot, so they enable people to communicate without being interrupted by
technical problems and wasting their time or energy. In other words, they help to keep an
off-site relationship running seamlessly and efficiently. Teleconferencing is a good way to
discuss projects in real time. Video conferencing is helpful when there are products or
presentations to look at. Web conferencing is even more sophisticated. It provides real-time
access to videos, presentations, and documents. Hence, the Internet technology offers the
opportunity to run businesses more smoothly.

7. Companies and employees all over the world are becoming aware of the mutual
benefits of telework programs. According to a poll that was carried out in 2005, 6 percent of
workers in Europe were telecommuters, whereas this number has increased to 15 percent in
recent years. In Japan, the number of telecommuters is growing. Today, 21 percent of the
white-collar workforce in Japan telecommutes. In Brazil, teleworking has risen by 90 percent
over the last decade. As it can be seen from these examples, teleworking has increased
dramatically all over the world. It is likely to be more common in the following years and
more people will benefit from its advantages.

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 QUESTIONS

Instructions for questions 1-3: Read the main ideas (A-F) in Column B and match the
correct main idea to each paragraph in Column A. Write the letter of the correct main
idea in the space. Note: there are three extra statements.

A. Paragraphs B. Main Ideas

A. Businesses benefit from teleworking financially as it reduces
1. Paragraph 2 _D_ absenteeism.
2. Paragraph 6 _F_ B. Teleworking is getting more and more popular all over the
world.
3. Paragraph 7 _B_
C. The Internet has made it possible to look at products and
presentations on the computer.
D. Telecommuting is advantageous for businesses economically.
E. In Brazil, there has been a huge increase in the number of
telecommuters in the last 10 years.
F. Technological developments have improved communication,
which affected telecommuting positively.

4. According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Lori
Gottlieb’s situation?
a. She commutes to work every morning.
b. She uses Web technology for her work.
c. She has a flexible working schedule.
d. She has to wear formal clothes for her job.

5. According to paragraph 1, the MAIN reason for the rise of telecommuting is the
____________.
a. need for more flexible work hours
b. popularity of part-time jobs
c. need for extra income
d. advanced Web technology

6. In paragraph 2, line 8, “they” refers to _Businesses_______________.

7. In paragraph 3, line 1, which of the following sentences could best fit into the blank?
a. A flexible work schedule is important to parents with school-age children.
b. Businesses can benefit from telework programs in other ways, too.
c. Teleworking is also advantageous for employees in many ways.
d. In spite of the advantages, there are various disadvantages of telecommuting.

8. In paragraph 3, line 2, “they” refers to ___Telework programmes__________________.

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9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions the results of a survey in order to prove that
____________.
a. teleworking affects people’s careers negatively, especially in certain fields
b. most workers are more pleased with their jobs once they start telecommuting
c. teleworking does not have any influence on people’s satisfaction with their jobs
d. employers are also satisfied with the performance of telecommuting workers

10. According to paragraph 4, to prevent possible problems in a telework program,

employers should ____________.
a. give proper training to employees
b. check each employee’s work frequently
c. motivate employees to work more effectively
d. allow employees to copy their colleagues’ task

11. According to paragraph 5, what might be the disadvantages of teleworking?

I. __ Noisy environment makes it difficult to concentrate _________________.
II. __Creating a separate space at home to work may be challenging ______.
III. __It may be hard for social people to work alone ______________.
IV. __Teleworkers have to be available for people who work in the office
whenever they need___________.
V. ___Teleworkers have to have necessary technology available at home ______.

12. According to paragraph 7, the author’s attitude towards the future of teleworking is ___.
a. sentimental c. positive
b. cautious d. critical

13. Now read the text and try to guess the meaning of the words in the chart below. Please
also write down the strategy/strategies you have used to understand their meaning.

Questions
1. In paragraph 2, line 5, “recruiting” is closest in meaning to
______________.
a. giving a pay rise to their employees
b. telling employees to leave their jobs
c. advertising the products of the company
d. finding new people to work for them
2. In paragraph 4, line 5, “supervision” is closest in meaning to
______________.
a. checking somebody’s work
b. gaining a great ability to see
c. having necessary work equipment
d. wearing suitable clothes
3. In paragraph 6, line 4, “seamlessly” is closest in meaning to
______________.
a. dangerously
b. continuously
c. increasingly
d. extremely

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READING ASSIGNMENT 5
Languages in Danger of Extinction
1. A recent study led by nationally recognized linguistics
suggests that approximately 3,500 indigenous
languages disappear in many parts of the world within
the next few decades. The report outcomes were so
severe that researchers estimate the death of at least
one minority language every two weeks.

2. The areas which are mostly affected by the

destruction of their regions' native languages include Northern Australia, Central South America,
the northern pacific coastal regions of North America, eastern Siberia, and some South-western
parts of the United States such as Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico.

3. A major factor in language extinction lies in the lack of written text and documentation of many
languages' history and culture. In some cases there are less than five remaining speakers of a
language, and as these last carriers of the dialect die off, so does the language which they have
grown up with and used to communicate. Another factor in language extinction is when its users
come into contact with a more aggressive or economically-stronger culture. Some minorities and
their languages come under attack from groups of people who destroy their environment to
extract minerals, timber and oil from it; those groups even have to immigrate to other places. The
situation is worse when the authorities systematically discourage the use of local languages in
schools, local government, and the media.

4. The most severe area of language extinction lies in Australia, where all of the 231 native tongues
spoken are considered to be endangered. The Magati Ke, for example, is a language rich in
Aborigine culture and tradition in Australia's Northern Territory. Only three living speakers still
carry on the traditions and dialects associated with their native language, giving Magati Ke some
hope for the recovery of South America's 113 endangered languages, the majority of which are
situated in the country's central regions, are dying off due to the overwhelming growth of the
Spanish and Portuguese in the area.

5. Being able to communicate with one another is a crucial need for humans, and when individuals
are limited to just a few close relations who share the same native language, they have no choice
but to modify their speaking techniques to accommodate the dialect of the rest of the country.

6. The Northern Coastal Regions of North America are fighting a losing battle to sustain the area's
54 native languages. As in South America, the vast dominance of English, America's native
language, has taken over the general culture in these regions, including Washington, Oregon and
the Canadian province of British Columbia. Citizens of these areas are not forced to change their
dialects directly, but in reality they have to greatly change their language in order to stay up to
date with the United States and the rest of the world.

7. The local languages of the people in places like Russia and Eastern Siberia were required by the
country's communistic government to use only the nationally recognized languages of Russian and
Sakha. This dramatic situation is also present in the South-western United States, where the 40
languages frequently spoken by native Indian tribes in the region are basically either forced to

15
change their ways of communicating or relocate to a predetermined reservation with limited
resources and an altered quality of life.

8. While efforts are presently being made to recognize this unethical situation and modify it to
accommodate all languages and cultures, the constantly growing world of business and technology
makes it nearly impossible to integrate another 3,500 spoken languages into everyday life.

9. Over 80 percent of the world is familiar with the approximately 83 "global" languages
represented on an international level. With the loss of another minority language every two weeks,
the future of a diversified communication forum shows no hope indeed. Urgent actions need to be
taken to decrease the number of languages in danger.

10. UNESCO’s action in the field of languages is part of its efforts to protect and celebrate the
world’s oral and valuable heritage, including traditional popular music, dances, festivals, customs,
traditional knowledge, oral traditions and local languages. The Organization, which adopted the
Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity on November 2, 2001 at its last General Conference,
encourages the international community to take steps to protect this heritage, including
languages, in the same way natural and cultural treasures of tangible heritage are protected.

Answer the questions below using information from the text.

1. According to research what do the researchers predict about indigenous languages?

a. They claim that one endangered language will be extinct every two weeks.
b. They predict that two minority languages will die out every week.
c. They say that every two weeks one extinct language will die out.
d. They point that some new languages come out while others are disappearing.
2. “outcomes” (in Par. 1- line 3) is closest in meaning to ____________________ .
a. effects c. drawbacks
b. findings d. reasons
3. What is the main reason for a language becoming extinct?
The lack of written text and documentation of many languages’ history and culture ___

4. “their” (in Par. 3- line 6) refers to__(some) minorities’___

5. What is one of the consequences of becoming in contact with a more aggressive and
stronger culture?
a. The new culture will become more and more aggressive.
b. People’s culture and language will surely be destroyed by that new culture.
c. People can be prevented from using their own language in schools,
governments or the media.
d. People will keep on extracting minerals, timber and oil from their own lands.

16
6. How many languages are facing extinction in Australia?
a. 231 native languages.
b. 113 native languages
c. 200 native languages
d. 3 native languages
7. The reason why there are 113 endangered languages in South America is ____the
overwhelming growth of the Spanish and Portuguese (in the area)________.

8. “crucial” (in Par. 5- line 1) can be defined as ___________________________.

a. sufficient c. acceptable
b. important d. problematic

9. “they” (in Par. 5- line 2) refers to____humans / individuals___________.

10. Why do the citizens in North America have to change their language?
___ To stay up to date with the US and the rest of the world ____________.

11. The main idea of paragraph 7 is that _________

a. People in a communistic country cannot use their own native language.
b. People are forced to speak the country’s recognized language in order to
communicate.
c. In Russia people can only speak Sakha language as the language of
communication.
d. In America, 40 different languages are spoken by native Indian tribes.

12. It is impossible to integrate 3,500 spoken languages into people’s everyday life because
of __growing world of business_______________ & ____technology______________

13. What kind of an action does UNESCO want to take about indigenous languages?
___They want to take steps to protect this heritage________.

17
 READING ASSIGNMENT 6
SMS and Mobile Phones
1 Something rather surprising has happened to the mobile phone. In
contrast to all of the predictions that were made by the cell phone
industry, today’s users want to write, not chat. Short Message
Service, which is known as SMS, has been around for about 30 years
thanks to our innovative technology. Before that, it did not exist.
However, recently its use has begun to spread like a virus throughout
the globe. Last year the number of messages that were sent jumped
fivefold. In December alone, 15 billion messages were sent, and it is
guessed that last year 200 billion messages were sent. It is predicted
that by the end of 2021, the monthly total of messages that are sent
may reach 200 billion.

2 SMS has become extremely popular in a very short time, and this has surprised everybody. The
telecom industry used SMS as a standard technology at first. They thought somebody somewhere
might find it useful. They did not advertise or promote the service. Also, phones were not
designed to send texts easily. After all, telephone keyboards were designed for numbers, not
letters. However, after a while, teenagers and university students realized that it was a new and
efficient way to communicate. Hence, young phone users adopted SMS as their own method of
communication.

3 For many texting fans, the difficulty of sending a message is just part of the fun. Spelling out a
message with a thumb generally takes more time than most teenagers or young adults can afford.
Thus, users have developed their own high-speed vocabulary. This new vocabulary is a mix of all
the available icons and strange abbreviations. Although adults may be confused, youngsters know
just what is meant by CUL8R (see you later) or QL (cool).
4 Fans say the charms of texting include its immediacy, privacy, ease of use and low cost. For
instance, the service has the immediacy of a phone call as well as extra privacy. When you talk on
the phone, there are no secrets any more as people around you can hear what you are talking
about. However, when you text, there is no voice conversation for parents, teachers, or passers-
by to listen in on. Background noise is also not a problem. Have you ever tried talking on a mobile
phone from a crowded place? Besides, reception is not a problem, so you don’t have to worry
about the low signal strength. Best of all, the text habit is affordable even on limited student
budgets. A brief message—the technology allows a maximum length of just 160 characters—
doesn’t usually cost more than 15 cents. The low rate encourages constant, informal text
conversation. ___________________________________. In other words, parents are now using
text messages to communicate with their teenage children.
5 After the initial surprise of the popularity of SMS, network operators have shared in the
excitement of text messaging, as well. Since text messages take up only a small space in the
system, messages can be sent effortlessly even on the busiest networks. This makes it a high-
profit business. Some European telecoms now earn up to 20 percent of their income from the
“thumb culture”. Others are attracting subscribers with package deals that include free
messaging. For example, billboards that advertised an SMS deal in France said “Ce Of ‘R”
(Translation: “C’est offert ”or “It’s free”).
6 Text messaging has become so popular that other sectors have begun to make use of it, too. For
instance, advertising agencies and advertisers are jumping into the text messaging business these
days. Services that provide bulk text message sending are becoming a popular way for companies

18
 and advertisers to contact a huge group of customers. In this way, they reach their target group
much more quickly. In some countries, text messages can also be used to contact emergency
services. In the UK, this service is mostly aimed at people who are unable to make a voice call due
to various disabilities. In the US and some Asian countries, it has recently been promoted as a
means for walkers and climbers to call emergency services from areas where a voice call is not
possible due to poor reception. In addition, SMS messages are used in some countries as
reminders of hospital appointments. SMS messages are thought to be more cost effective since
missed clinic appointments cost more than £600 million a year in England.
7 Due to the popularity of SMS, phone companies have been trying to catch up to this trend. New
models that speed inputting and that are easy to use have made this trend more popular. For
instance, Blackberry has produced phones with keyboards that include letters, too, instead of just
numbers to click on. Besides, phone companies have spent more than $100 billion on third-
generation technology which can handle huge amounts of data. Engineers have developed
multimedia messaging service, which is an improved version of SMS technology. Unlike SMS, it is
used to deliver content that includes videos, pictures, etc. Moreover, Internet-linked smart
phones have brought a new form of SMS with additional features. One of the best examples of
this is called WhatsApp Messenger. It is an instant messaging service for smartphones that uses
the Internet for communication. In addition to all the advantages of SMS, it tells users when
messages have been delivered and when they have been read. It also shows the last time when
a person was online. Nine months ago, it had 200 million users. Now it is at 450 million, and is
adding another 1 million per day. Therefore, it is clear that with all this fancy technology, SMS has
turned into a new form of communication which provides many advantages. For most teenagers
it is an indispensable part of their lives as it seems that they cannot live without it.

QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the reading?
a. Text messaging is preferred by teenagers because of many reasons.
b. SMS and its newer versions have become quite popular due to their advantages.
c. The use of messaging services has been more common since WhatsApp came into
our lives.
d. Although there are some advantages of sending SMS, one cannot ignore the
drawbacks.
Instructions for questions 2-4: Read the main ideas (A-F) in Column B and match the correct
main idea to each paragraph in Column A. Write the letter of the correct main idea in the
space. Note: there are three extra statements.

C. Paragraphs D. Main Ideas

A. Advertisers have discovered the potential benefits of text
2. Paragraph 3 _F__ messaging for their field and started using it.
B. CUL8R and QL are good examples that show reading text
3. Paragraph 6 _D__
messages can be difficult for adults.
4. Paragraph 7 _C__ C. As available technology improves, phone companies have been
finding new ways to keep up with it.

19
 D. Since SMS use has become very common, other industries have
started using it for different purposes.
E. Phone companies catch up to SMS trend by producing new
models of phones with improved keyboards.
F. A new form of language has appeared because of the challenges
of writing messages on the mobile phone.

5. Which of the following can be understood from paragraph 1?

a. Short Message Service technology was created in the 1990s.
b. Mobile phone users prefer talking on the phone to sending messages.
c. The number of SMS messages that were sent last year will be the same in 2021.
d. A virus is spreading via short message service because of a security vulnerability.

6. In paragraph 1, line 6, “its” refers to __________SMS’_____________________.

7. According to paragraph 2, SMS technology was ________________________________.

a. promoted by telecom companies
b. created especially for young users
c. not available on the phones at first
d. considered useful by young people

8. In paragraph 2, line 1, “this” refers to ____(The fact that) SMS has become extremely
popular in a very short time ____________.

9. In paragraph 4, line 1, “charms” is closest in meaning to _________________________.

a. benefits c. possibilities
b. damages d. problems

10. According to paragraph 4, why do students prefer SMS messages to phone

conversations?
a. ___It is immediate __________________.
b. ___It is more private_____________________.
c. ___There is no background noise_______________.
d. ___There is no reception problem _______________.
e. ___It is more affordable _____________________.

11. In paragraph 4, line 10, which of the following sentences could best fit into the blank?
a. Thanks to this technology, students can send messages to their friends whenever
they want.
b. As a result of these advantages, its popularity is now spreading across
generations.
c. However, parents complain about its negative effects on their children.
d. Despite the advantages, text messages sometimes lead to serious
misunderstandings.

20
12. According to paragraph 5, telecom companies like SMS since _____________________.
a. it uses the technology that they have developed
b. it takes up a lot of space on networks
c. they make a lot of money from it
d. it keeps their network busy

13. In paragraph 5, line 5, “thumb culture” means the ______________________________.

a. use of SMS messages
b. use of thumbs to do new things
c. products related to their cultures
d. mutual agreement between sender and receiver

14. In paragraph 6, line 4, “they” refers to ___companies and advertisers_____________.

15. According to paragraph 6, SMS messages are now used to ________________________.

a. ask for help when people cannot make a voice call
b. send text messages in bulk to advertisers
c. make hospital appointments
d. buy walking and climbing equipment

16. In paragraph 7, the following novelties are mentioned. Name their features that are
different from those of SMS.
a. Multimedia messaging service: ____ it is used to deliver content including videos,
pictures, etc._________________.
b. Whatsapp Messenger: ___it tells users when messages have been delivered and
when they have been read. It also shows the last time when a person was
online___________.

17. In paragraph 7, line 9, “this” refers to __a new form of SMS with additional features/
Internet-linked smart phones’ bringing a new form of SMS with additional feature__.

18. In paragraph 7, line 10, “it” refers to ___Whatsapp (Messenger)___________.

19. In paragraph 7, line 15, “indispensable” is closest in meaning to ___________________.

a. dangerous c. enjoyable
b. necessary d. disposable

20. In paragraph 7, the author’s attitude towards SMS is ____________________________.

a. concerned c. critical
b. neutral d. positive

21
READING ASSIGNMENT 7
Pre-Reading Questions:

1. What do you know about the word “homeschooling?

2. Which one is the ideal place for a student to get a good education: home or school?
Why?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both?

HOMESCHOOLING
1. Schooling at home was necessary in the past because there was a limited number of
schools. After schools became available to everyone, some traditional groups still preferred
to keep their younger school-aged children at home. For instance, in the 1970s, some families
opted for homeschooling. They did this despite easy access to schools. In the past, writers
and educators such as John Holt liked the idea of homeschooling students. The educational
philosophy of homeschooling was different from the traditional schools since homeschooling
gave more importance to the individual educational needs of children.

2. Nowadays, an increasing number of parents in the U.S. are choosing to teach their kids
at home. The U.S. Department of Education stated that in 2010 around 950,000 children
were homeschooled. In fact, educational experts say the real figure is about double this
number. Furthermore, the number of homeschooled children is growing at a rate of about
11 percent annually. Today, homeschooling is allowed in every state in the U.S. The education
laws in the U.S. make it an acceptable option. States have also relaxed the requirements for
the home teacher. In other words, now it is easier for the home teacher as there are fewer
requirements for him/her. For example, parents do not need teaching certificates and most
states do not require the involvement of a certified teacher.

3. At one time, it was shameful to receive education at home. This is because in the past
homeschooling was used for students who could not attend school because of behavioral or
learning difficulties. Today, however, more parents are taking on the responsibility of
educating their children at home because they are dissatisfied with the educational system.
Many parents are unhappy about class size and various other problems that occur in the
classroom. For example, in many schools, lack of teachers and funding means that one
teacher is responsible for 30-40 students. ______________________________. In addition
to that, the increase in classroom violence has also resulted in some parents removing their
children from school.

4. Supporters of homeschooling believe that children learn better when they are in a safe
and loving environment. Many psychologists see the home as the most natural learning
environment. This is not surprising because long before schools were established, the home
was the classroom. Parents who homeschool their children argue that they can monitor their
children’s education and give them the attention that traditional schools are unable to
22
provide. Students can also pick and choose what to study and pursue their interests. Besides,
they can also decide on when to study, and this allows them to learn at their own speed.

5. Some people think that children perform better in a homeschooling arrangement whereas
some others believe homeschooling is not academically advantageous for students.
Researchers have not carried out enough studies yet to come to a general conclusion. Only
some research has been done so far; however, almost all the available data show that
homeschooled children who are tested get above-average test scores. In addition, in terms
of academic achievement, homeschooled children do just as well as those who are educated
in a classroom by highly qualified teachers. In fact, many walk the campuses of Harvard and
Stanford side by side with traditionally educated students.

6. Critics of homeschooling also state that children who are not in the classroom cannot
learn important social skills because they have little interaction with their peers. However,
several studies have shown that home-educated students appear to do just as well in terms
of social and emotional development as other students. Perhaps this is because they have
spent more time in the comfort and security of their home. In addition, they have received
guidance from parents who care about their welfare or wellbeing. In spite of this, many
critics of homeschooling have raised concerns about the ability of parents to teach their kids
effectively. Most of the parents who homeschool their children have no teacher training and
are not familiar with all of the subjects that are taught in schools.

7. Due to the negative conditions of schools, there is an increasing number of discontented

parents who take their children out of school. As a result, schools are receiving less money
in per-pupil funding, and educators see this as a serious threat to the system. They argue
that schools will never be able to improve their situation and make parents trust the
educational system again. However, to get rid of this negative image, many schools have
opened their doors to homeschoolers on a part-time basis. This allows homeschoolers to
attend classes once or twice a week. They also allow them to take part in extracurricular
activities such as playing football or taking ballet lessons. While parents will not completely
put their confidence back into the system, many of them accept the fact that traditional
schools provide their children with the extra benefits of peer interaction and access to a
wider choice of activities.

8. Whatever the arguments for or against it, homeschooling in the U.S. has become a multi-
million dollar industry, and it is growing. There are now websites and support groups that
enable parents to learn more about educating their children. Although it was once the
solution for troubled children, today homeschooling is an accepted alternative to an
educational system that some people believe is failing.

QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the reading?
a. Homeschooling was necessary because of the limited physical conditions in the past.
b. If homeschooling is supported financially by governments, more students can enjoy its
benefits.
c. Homeschooling has been by far the best method to teach students since it has been offering
various advantages.
d. Although homeschooling is a controversial subject, it is becoming more popular due to its
benefits.

23
Instructions for questions 2-4: Read the main ideas (A-F) in Column B and match the correct main
idea to each paragraph in Column A. Write the letter of the correct main idea in the space. Note:
there are three extra statements.

Paragraphs Main Ideas

A. Many educational institutions have taken some actions to gain
2. Paragraph 4 _F_ parents’ trust again.
3. Paragraph 5 _D_ B. Students who are homeschooled and those who are educated at
school go to the same universities.
4. Paragraph 7 _A_
C. Homeschooling provides a secure and loving environment for
students.
D. Homeschooled children seem to be just as successful as students who
receive education at school.
E. Some schools arrange extracurricular activities for homeschooled
children.
F. Homeschooling offers various advantages to students that schools do
not.

5. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is TRUE?

a. Homeschooling was practiced in the past as not all the schools provided quality
education.
b. Although schools became accessible, some people still wanted to homeschool
their children.
c. Traditional schooling gave more importance to students’ individual needs than
homeschooling.
d. John Holt was the first person to come up with homeschooling idea to improve the
quality of education.

6. In paragraph 1, line 4, “opted for” is closest in meaning to

_________________________________.
a. quit
b. studied
c. preferred
d. abandoned

7. According to paragraph 2, in the U.S., homeschooling

_____________________________________.
a. was actually preferred by almost 2.000.000 children in 2010
b. is not a legal alternative to formal or traditional schooling
c. requires parents to have certain teaching certificates
d. has recently started to lose its popularity

8. In paragraph 2, line 6, “it” refers to _______homeschooling____________________.

24
9. In paragraph 3, line 7, which of the following sentences could best fit into the blank?
a. Therefore, in such classes students have the chance to socialize with more students.
b. As a result, children cannot usually receive the attention that they need from their
teachers.
c. However, while dealing with too many students, teachers cannot develop
themselves professionally.
d. Although the classes has been very crowded, the quality of education has been
increasing in state schools.

10. According to paragraph 4, what is the advantage of choosing when to study for
students?
____ It allows students to learn at their own speed
____________________________.

11. In paragraph 5, line 7, “many” refers to

_______________________________________________.
a. many homeschooled children
b. many highly qualified teachers
c. many children who were educated in a classroom
d. many academic personnel

12. According to paragraph 6, what are the criticisms against homeschooling?

a. __ Children (who are not in the classroom) miss out on learning important social
skills
because they have little interaction with their peers____.
b. __Parents are not able to teach their kids effectively. (Most of the parents who
homeschool their children have no teacher training and are not familiar with all
of the subjects that are taught in schools.)__.

13. In paragraph 7, line 1, “discontented” is closest in meaning to

______________________________.
a. excited
b. educated
c. disappointed
d. satisfied

14. In paragraph 7, line 7, “they” refers to _______(many) schools_________.

15. Throughout the text, the author’s attitude towards homeschooling could best be
described as _______________________.
a. objective
b. sarcastic
c. disapproving
d. critical

25
READING ASSIGNMENT 8

Online Education for the World Citizen

1. More and more young people are choosing to enroll in online education courses/programs in
order to start and move ahead in their careers. Typical online learners include those who don't have
access to traditional programs, employees who work during class hours, self-motivated individuals
who want to take courses to further develop themselves, and those who don’t want to attend class
(Charp, 2000, p. 10). Online learners interact with three key elements while learning online:
technology, the curriculum, and the instructor (Bedore, Bedore, & Bedore, 1997).

2. While online education courses/programs can be a very effective way for some people to learn.
Online learning is for mature, self-disciplined students. It is an inappropriate learning environment
for more dependent learners. In order to successfully participate in an online program, a student
must be well organized, self-motivated, and be able to manage their time well. As such, online
education or e-learning is hardly appropriate for students in elementary or secondary school age.

3. Studies have shown that some students learn better in online learning courses than in classroom
courses. Perhaps this explains their growing popularity. The Sloan Consortium published a report
titled “Growing by Degrees: Online Education in the United States in 2005”. The report examined
the increasing interest in online education across U.S. institutions.

4. A study conducted using questionnaires by the Boston-based consulting firm Eduventures found
that about half of institutions and more than 60 percent of employers generally view the quality of
online learning to be high. However, students do not view the quality of online education as highly.
In fact, only 33 percent of prospective students view online education to be ‘as good or better
than’ face to face learning.

Pros of Online Education:

The key advantages of the online education experience are briefly explained below:
1. Cheaper: Online courses may cost less than those offered at colleges or trade schools. You may
also save on transportation costs like gas, bus fares, and parking permits because you don't need
to commute to school. In addition, you do not need to pay for housing or meal plans since you do
not need to live on or near a college campus. Also, you save some time by not having to wait in the
bus queue.

2. More Convenient: By taking courses online, you get to decide when you study and for how long.
You are also able to schedule your studying around your work or social schedule.

3. Flexibility: With no set class times, you decide when to complete your assignments and readings.
You set the pace. In some programs, you can even design your own degree plan. Online students can
carry out their own work while being enrolled in an online education program.

4. Technology: With today’s technology, students can do their online education anywhere. You
simply need a computer with internet access.

5. Accessibility: Your learning options are not limited based on where you live. The new virtual
classrooms have created a lot of learning opportunities for people all over the world. Also, you

26
don’t have to take out a loan to pay for these courses because they are not as expensive as
traditional education programs.

6. Self-Directed: You set your own pace and schedule, so you control the learning environment.

7. Student-Centred: The individual student responds to the course material (lectures and course
books, for example) and to comments from other students, often via an online discussion.
Students have the option to focus on issues that interest them as long as they fall within the
broader context of the course. This results in several conversations taking place simultaneously
within the group.

8. Access to Resources: It is easy to include distinguished guests or students from other institutions
in an online class. Students can also access resources and information from anywhere in the world.

QUESTIONS
1. Many young people wish to develop their careers by following __Non-traditional
education/ online education courses_____ along with their formal education.

2. What are the most important parts of the program in online education?
____Instructors, curriculum and technology____________

3. What qualities does a student need to have in order to follow an online education?
__Organizational skills, self-motivation, maturity, time management skills____

4. Although nearly 50% of __institutions__ support online learning, only a small

percentage of students accept the high quality of online learning.

5. Why are online courses financially cheaper?

____ Because you don’t need to pay for transportation, food and housing _______

6. Why are online courses considered more flexible?

a. Because they can do their courses on their laptops.
b. Because students can do the tasks at their own speed.
c. Online courses can be done after students graduate.
d. Because students can save some time by not waiting for the bus.

7. “their” in part 3 under Flexibility heading refers to______online students’______

8. "this" in part 7 under Student-centred heading refers to __online discussion/ students

responding to each other online, etc.___

27
9. There are no limitations about location when you are doing an online course because
you only need to have ___computer and Internet access_________

10. How can students comment on any of the topics?

__By taking part in online discussions, etc______________

11. "simultaneously" in paragraph 7 under Student-centred heading is closest in meaning

to ______________.
a. independently c. at the same speed
b. at the same time d. dependently

12. If you are a student who ___delays/neglects____ his work all the time and misses
deadlines of assignments, then online learning is not appropriate for you.

28
 READING ASSIGNMENT 9

LOTTERY WINNERS—RICH, BUT HAPPY?

1. Every week, millions of dollars are spent on, and won with lottery tickets. The jackpot
in many lotteries can be as much as $100 million, and winners suddenly find themselves with
more money than ever before. Many will have enough to purchase a new car, build a luxury
house, take a holiday, and quit working—all within a short amount of time. The lucky few
who hit the jackpot, however, may end up with problems—more than they had before they
struck it rich.

2. Lottery organizers employ counselors to help jackpot winners. These counselors

encourage winners to get advice from financial experts such as accountants, about how best
to invest their windfall. The counselors also help winners to understand how their lives may
change for the better—and possibly for the worse. Luckily, many jackpot winners manage
their fortunes sensibly. Some winners, however, do not use their money wisely and, as a
result; end up in debt and struggling to make ends meet.

3. The biggest mistake many lottery winners make is overspending. A waiter who won $2
million in a California lottery spent all of his winnings shopping, having parties, and lending
money to friends. A few months after he won, he was broke and working as a sales clerk.

4. Being greedy, in other words keeping all of something for oneself, is another way to
invite trouble. In 1999, a woman from California was ordered to pay her ex-husband her
entire lottery winnings, at least what was left of the money. She won a $1.3 million lottery
jackpot eleven days before her divorce from her husband was finalized. Under the state law,
her spouse was entitled to half the winnings. However, the woman didn’t tell her husband
about the win, and used her mother’s address to receive the money. Two years later, the
divorced man received a letter for his wife from a lottery winners advisory company. It was
then that he discovered his ex-wife’s secret win.

5. Another problem that many lottery winners often experience is unwanted attention
from the public or their colleagues at work. Many winners have to deal with letters or e-mail
from strangers asking for money. Other lottery winners who do not immediately quit their
jobs may find that their less affluent colleagues expect them to pay for lunch all the time, or
to loan them money.

6. Not all jackpot winners experience the same fate, though. A woman from south Wales
who won over £7 million in the U.K’s National Lottery gave £3 million of her winnings to
family and friends. The biggest luxury item she bought right after winning was a secondhand
Porsche.

7. No matter how large the jackpot, there is always a risk that the money will run out if a
winner overspends and does not invest wisely. Lottery winners should remember that they
often have to pay a large amount of their winnings to the government in taxes. Over time,
inflation also reduces the value of a windfall.

29
 8. Financial advisors agree that people who win a lottery should follow a few simple rules
to ensure that the money will give them a comfortable future. First, meet with an accountant
or other financial advisor. Second, pay all debts, such as home mortgages, car loans, and
credit card bills. Finally, a winner should calculate how much money they will need to live on
every year for the rest of his or her life. From that calculation, financial advisors say a person
will know exactly how much money should be invested, and how much is left to spend. Only
then, advisors suggest, should a lottery winner plan to leave his or her job.

QUESTIONS

1. The main idea of Par.1 is that lottery winners ____________________________.

a. should take a holiday and quit working
b. should get used to becoming rich slowly
c. may be faced with problems after becoming rich
d. should buy a new car and a luxury house

2. “purchase” in Par.1 is closest in meaning to _____________________________.

a. buy c. win
b. quit d. sell

3. Counselors help winners in all the following subjects except ________________.

a. they inform the winners about possible good changes in their lives
b. they inform the winners about possible bad changes in their lives
c. they tell the winners to contact accountants
d. they teach them how to invest their money

4. “windfall” in Par. 2 is closest in meaning to ______________________________.

a. debts c. breeze
b. spending d. winnings

5. If a lottery winner does not know how to spend money, he _________________.

a. can get credit from a financial institution
b. can make a big fortune in a short time
c. may spend more than he actually has
d. should invest his money in real estate property

6. “broke” in Par.3 is closest in meaning to ________________________________.

a. rich c. wealthy
b. poor d. malfunctioning

7. Overspending may result in __________________________________________.

a. debt
b. change for the better
c. winning more money
d. a lot of fun

30
8. The woman from California was greedy because _________________________.
a. she refused to share her jackpot with her husband
b. her husband didn’t want half of her winnings
c. she divorced her poor husband
d. she spent all of her winnings shopping

9. The Californian woman’s husband received some money from her __________.
a. after the woman’s mother told the truth
b. 2 years after her winning in the lottery
c. after the woman married another man
d. in an envelope with a letter attached to it

10. We learn from Par.4 that in the U.S.A, ______________.

a. lottery winners advisory companies send letters to the relatives of winners
b. husbands do not have to share their winnings with their wives
c. if you have lots of money, you can divorce in a single session
d. people have the right to get half of their spouses’ winnings

11. One difficulty lottery winners encounter is that they are expected to______________.
a. owe money to their friends
b. lend money to their coworkers
c. send e-mail to strangers to help them
d. find a safe place to store the money

12. The woman from south Wales is rather extraordinary because she _______________.
a. bought a very expensive car
b. gave a big amount of money to family and friends
c. won the biggest prize in the U.K’s National Lottery
d. ended up owning £4 million to a local bank

13. Which of the following is not one of the ways of running out the money from lottery?
a. taxes
b. saving
c. overspending
d. donation

14. Financial advisors suggest that winners should not ____________________________.

a. leave their jobs right away
b. lend money to anyone
c. work for the rest of their lives
d. pay all the debts

15. “them” in Par.8 refers to ______people who won a lottery_____________________.

16. Which word best describes the author's attitude?

a. Informative c. Critical
b. Sarcastic d. Angry

31
READING ASSIGNMENT 10
The text is from an advertisement in a business magazine. The advertisement is for a national
business plan competition run by the Business Development Agency.

BUSINESS PLAN COMPETITION

A
There are two important things, which a successful business needs from the start: a good
idea and a strong business plan. If you have the idea, we can give you a head start by
helping you with the skills, knowledge and support you need to develop a first-rate business
plan. Furthermore, you could win up to £50,000 to help realize your business idea.
Many of the participants in previous competitions have founded companies and gone into
business with the knowledge they need to be successful. So, it is not only the winners of
the competition who could end up running companies and making healthy profits.
B
The competition has two parts.
In part 1 you will attend some two-day workshops at various locations in the UK. Our
trainers are experienced business people and successful entrepreneurs from
manufacturing, retail and service industries. They will use examples from a wide range of
business areas to help develop your skills and knowledge.
In part 2, our expert professionals will be your coaches and mentors to help you develop
expert business plans.
C
With a first prize of £50,000, two runners-up prizes of £25,000 and five awards of £10,000,
this is an opportunity for you to find the money you need to start your business. Prizes are
not awarded for the best ideas. Rather, they are awarded for the business plans which are
judged to have the best potential to help turn your business idea into reality. Other prizes
may be awarded in different categories at the judges’ discretion.
D
The competition is open to any member of the public. It does not matter what your
previous skills and experience are. This is your chance.
E
To enter, all you need is a one-page outline of your business idea. This should include a
business description, a description of the product or service, a basic market analysis and
your market strategy and a paragraph about how you can meet the demands for your
product or service.
Application forms and full details of the competition, including information on previous
winners, are available on our website.
F
Outline business ideas must be submitted by 16 June. Don’t forget that this is a promising
route for you and your business!

32
Answer the following questions based on the text you read.

1. Match the following six headings with the different sections of the text (1 to 6).

The prizes - C Closing date - F Who can enter? - D

Introduction - A How to enter - E The structure - B

2. According to the article, are these statements true or false? Justify your answers.

a. To enter this competition, you need a good idea and a strong business plan.
__F___
The competition will help you to develop the business plan. (section A)
b. This competition will not only help the people who win it. __T___
Anyone who participates in the competition can benefit from it. Many previous
participants have launched companies. (section A)
c. You must have some previous experience of writing a business plan. __F___
You do not need any previous experience. (section D)
d. There are eight cash prizes to be won, totalling £150,000. __T___
1 x 50,000; 2 x £25,000; 5 x £10,000 (section C)
e. Prizes are awarded for the best ideas. __F___
Prizes are awarded for the best business plans. (section C)
f. You will not receive any individual help in writing your business plan. __F___
The word ‘mentor’ is usually used to refer to someone who has more
experience than you and is there to help you on a one-to-one basis. (section B)
g. People who work in business will provide training. __T___
There are training sessions in part 1 of the competition. The trainers are
experienced people who work in different types of businesses. (section B)
h. Your one-page business plan outline should contain three sections. __F___
It should have four sections: a business description; a description of the product
or service; a basic market analysis; your market strategy.

3. Who can enter the competition?

__ The competition is open to any member of the public. __________________

4. The one-page outline of business idea should involve a business description, a

description of the product or service, a basic market analysis and your market
strategy.

5. What do the following words refer to?

a. “they” in line 6, section A refers to _many of the participants (in previous

competitions)__
b. “they” in line 4, section B refers to ___ _our trainers_______
c. “this” in line 1, section E refers to ___ one-page outline of your business idea___

33
6. The aim of the author is _____________________.

a. to persuade people to enter the competition

b. to advertise the competition
c. to discuss the advantages of the competition
d. to criticize the competition

7. In section A, "a head start" is closest in meaning to _____________

a. a loan
b. an advantage
c. a credit
d. disadvantage

8. In section A, "running" is closest in meaning to _____________

a. managing
b. succeeding
c. quitting
d. earning

34
READING ASSIGNMENT 11
Part I: Read the text and answer the questions.
A Feast for the Eyes
1 __C- Seeing the funny side__
When you paint someone’s portrait, it’s not usually a good idea
to make fun of them, especially if that person is one of the rich
and powerful. a……2….. . It was lucky for one painter that Rudolf II
had a sense of humor, because his painting of the king had a pear
for a nose, corn on the cob for ears and cherry lips! In fact, the
16th century portrait was actually a painting of fruit, vegetables
and plants which were arranged to look like the kings face. This
was the work of Italian artist Guiseppe Arcimboldo.

2 __E- More difficult than it seems___

Arcimboldo was born in Milan and worked at the royal court in Vienna, Austria, where he
developed the style and the technique which made him famous. It looks simple, painting an
apple for a cheek, a lettuce for a shoulder, but in fact Arcimboldo, like Leonardo da Vinci
before him, had studied the human body and the natural world. b…4…… . Winter portrays an
old man, his face made up of tree bark and branches, along with fruit and vegetables that
only grow in the coldest months. The profile of Spring contains signs of life, like new leaves
and blossoms.

3 __A-Two ways to appreciate the paintings__

Arcimboldo didn’t just fill his canvases with plants and flowers. c……5…. . Look closer at
Water to see fish, crabs and turtles portrayed. Don’t be fooled, though: his works may have
been intended to entertain, but they also had a serious side. Painting royalty as forces of
nature also suggested that they had a natural right to rule, something they would certainly
please any king or queen.

4 __B- Reviving old ideas___

Arcimboldo died in 1593 and his paintings were gradually forgotten. d……1…. . Since then,
Arcimboldo has inspired a whole new art movement in the 20th century. Klaus Enrique
Gerdes recreates Arcimboldo’s paintings using real fruit and vegetables before
photographing them. e……3…. . His version of the Mona Lisa is composed of red cabbage and
broccoli!

35
QUESTIONS
A. Choose from the sentences (1-6) to complete the gaps (a-e). There is one extra.
1. It wasn’t until 20th century that they were rediscovered and exhibited alongside works by
Salvador Dali.
2. Portraits of such people should always be respectful and in good taste.
3. Alon Zaid does something similar with other masterpieces.
4. This knowledge is evident when you examine the clever combinations in all his portraits.
5. It took a long time for him to perfect his technique.
6. The Librarian is made up of books and papers.

B. Read the text and match the headings (A-E) given to the paragraphs (1- 4). There is
one extra.
A. Two ways to appreciate the paintings
B. Reviving old ideas
C. Seeing the funny side
D. A royal talent
E. More difficult than it seems

C. Match the underlined words in the text to their synonyms given below.
 amuse: ___entertain____  deceived: ___fooled_____
 model: ____version______  definitely: ___certainly_____
 wealthy: _____rich_____  fortunate: ___lucky______
 formed: _____made up of____  depicts: _____portrays_______
 meant: ____intended_____  material that covers the outside of a
 reproduces: __recreates___ tree: ___bark_____

36
D. Complete the summary of the text given with the words below.
rediscovered combinations composed technique
portrayed inspired developed arranged royalty

In the 16th century, King Rudolph II had his portrait painted by the Italian artist Guiseppe
Arcimboldo. The portrait was 1…composed….. of fruit, vegetables and plants,
2…arranged……. in such a way that they 3…portrayed…. the king’s face. Arcimboldo
4……developed…. his style while working at the royal court in Vienna, Austria. He made a
study of the human body and the natural world and his paintings show clever
5……combinations…… of the two. As well as being entertaining, his works were also serious.
They suggested the natural right of 6…royalty…. to rule. Arcimboldo died in 1593 but today
his work has been 7…rediscovered… . A number of artists have been 8….inspired… by his
fruit-and-vegetable 9……technique…… and produce.

37
READING ASSIGNMENT 12
Pre-reading Questions
1. Look at the pictures below. Which form(s) of media do you use to get your local news?
Your national news? The international news?
2. Do your parents get the news the same way you do? How about your grandparents?
How do/did they get the news?

History of Media Technology

1. For many years, newspapers were the medium that were used to communicate news.
People also used the telegraph around the same time. The telegraph transmitted or sent
electric signals over wires from one location to another, and they were translated into a
message. Then came the radio. Unlike the telegraph, the radio could transmit information
through the air instead of through cables. The radio quickly became very popular and it
had a significant impact on the news industry because people could now listen to live
news. They could listen to events at the same time they were happening, even though the
events were happening in faraway places. In 1924, listeners in England heard the first live
international sports event, a cricket match, which came to them from halfway around the
world, from Sydney, Australia. Later, during World War II, families everywhere listened to
the news from Europe on the radio. They could hear the sounds of war. The radio made
events seem closer and more real.

2. New technology also made the use of the radio easier. The first radios were very large and
expensive, and they used electricity; however, in the 1950s, a new kind of radio, the
transistor radio, was created. Transistor radios were small and cheap, and they used
batteries, so they were portable. These changes made radio news accessible to a larger
number of listeners, including poor people or people who lived far away from any city.
Today, transistor radios are still popular and are still used by many people to get the news

38
 in the world, especially in poorer countries. In fact, there are almost seven billion of them
in use today.

3. Starting in the 1950s, television brought events into people’s homes which meant that for
the first time, people could both hear and see the news. After that, TV often provided
news and information that led to important changes in society because the events on TV
seemed more real. Therefore, it had a very significant influence on people’s opinions and
some important decisions about the future of a country. For example, the Vietnam War
was the first war that people could watch on television. During this time, every night on
the news, families watched American soldiers and Vietnamese soldiers and citizens die.
Thus, U.S. public opinion turned against the war. _____________________________.

4. Later, television news became an even more powerful influence around the world. In
1980, the television network CNN started to broadcast global news around the clock. In
other words, twenty-four hours a day, it brought news about the Gulf War live from
Baghdad into people’s homes. Consequently, CNN’s impact increased when it became the
first television network to broadcast continuous and live reports of a war. Live, around-
the-clock news is not limited to CNN anymore. There are many other news networks all
over the world. For example, in 1996, Al Jazeera TV began to bring news and discussion of
world events to the Arabic-speaking world twenty-four hours a day, and its news
broadcasts have had a strong impact on people’s opinions, especially in the Middle East.

5. The speed of change in the media is accelerating or happening faster. Television is still
important, but today traditional newspapers and television are not the only way to get the
news because digital media has significantly changed the way many people find news.
Much of today’s news is digital. This is much more convenient as readers are now able to
view unlimited sources of information anytime and anywhere easily by using their
computers and the Internet. Most newspaper and TV companies have had to adapt to this
change, too. For example, newspapers that range from international to local have
established their online versions over the last ten years and have introduced them free to
the public. People who can use a computer and have access to the Internet can reach all
kinds of news from all over the world in seconds. In 2011, a survey was carried out with
over 2000 participants from various age groups in the U.S. According to its results, 38% of
the general population got most of their news about national and international issues
through the internet. This number was around 20% in 2007. Television was the most
common source of national and international news, at 46%. However, the same survey
showed that the internet was clearly the main source of national and international news
among young people. Nearly 60% of Americans who were younger than 30 got most of
their national and international news online.

6. Although the digital media began with the creation of the Internet on computers, people
also make use of it through other delivery systems like cell phones. Today, many people
own a smartphone of some kind, and as long as it has access to the Internet, they use it to
read online newspapers, as well. These days, young people are also using the social media
as a means of getting the news that they are looking for. It seems that they prefer it since
the news there is not censored, more immediate and more interactive. They can ask

39
 questions about what is going on in a certain part of the world and get answers very
quickly.

7. Thanks to all these ways of getting the news, people can choose when, where and how to
receive their news. We may not know what other sources will be available in the future to
get the news, but we can be sure that the media and how the news is delivered will
continue to change as technology changes.

QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the reading?
a. Television and radio are not as important today as they were in the past.
b. The news is now available twenty-four hours a day from all over the world.
c. Technology has improved a lot since the invention of the telegraph.
d. Changes in technology have led to changes in the way the news is communicated.

Instructions for questions 2-4: Read the main ideas (A-F) in Column B and match the correct
main idea to each paragraph in Column A. Write the letter of the correct main idea in the
space. Note: there are three extra statements.

Paragraphs Main Ideas

A. How people get their news has changed greatly since digital
2. Paragraph 2 __E__ media became a part of our lives.
3. Paragraph 4 __D__ B. At the beginning radios were large, expensive and using
electricity, which made them difficult to use.
4. Paragraph 5 __A__
C. Although digital media has become more popular, television is
still the most common source of the news.
D. Once TV channels started to show the news twenty-four hours
a day, they became more effective in shaping people’s
opinions.
E. After the changes that were made to the radio, more people
started using it and it is still common in many places in the
world.
F. CNN was the first TV channel that broadcasted around-the-
clock news, which was followed by another TV channel, Al
Jazeera.

5. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the radio?
a. It broadcasted news from distant places.
b. It transmitted information through cables.
c. It reported events as they were happening.
d. It became common in a short time.

40
6. In paragraph 2, line 7, “them” refers to ________transistor radios______________.

7. According to paragraph 3, how was TV news different from the news in the past?
___For the first time, people could both hear and see the news.__________________.

8. In paragraph 3, line 8, which of the following sentences could best fit into the blank?
a. Finally, politicians had to end the war as a result of this negative news on TV.
b. However, politicians found a way to stop TV channels from showing this awful news.
c. Unfortunately, the U.S. government did not take any actions to prevent this terrible
war.
d. To begin with, war is very destructive for people, animals, buildings and the
environment.

9. In paragraph 4, line 2, “around the clock” is closest in meaning to _____________.

a. hourly
b. repeatedly
c. previously
d. continuously

10. In paragraph 5, according to the survey in 2011, ______________.

a. there was a decrease in the number of people who used the Internet to get the news
b. more than half of the general population learned about the news online
c. most of the participants preferred television as the source of news
d. many participants who were younger than 30 preferred newspapers to get the news

11. According to paragraph 6, what are the reasons for young people to use the social media
as a way to learn about the news?
I. _Social media is not censored._______________________________________.
II. _It is more immediate.___________________________________________.
III. _It is more interactive.______________________________________________.

12. In paragraph 7, the author’s attitude towards the possible sources of getting the news in
the future is _____________.
a. critical
b. positive
c. negative
d. uncertain

13. Throughout the text, which of the following best represents the author’s opinion?
a. sarcastic
b. critical
c. neutral
d. supportive

41
 READING ASSIGNMENT 13

I. Reading Task
 Read the text “Global TV” and fill in the missing information below.

Topic of the text

TV, Global TV

Title of the text

Global TV

Main idea Although a global TV is one of the predictions, it is not

easy to develop one.

Main idea of paragraph 1 For a global TV, the tastes of all nations should be
considered.

Main idea of paragraph 2 Different nationalities have widely different program

expectations.

Main idea of paragraph 3 The viewers are happy when they have independent
programming. /The viewers do not like censor.

Main idea of paragraph 4 Jung believes that for the near future, regional TV is an
alternative to global TV.

Main idea of paragraph 5 Jung believes that this is not right time for a global TV.

Main idea of paragraph 6 According to research, pan-European channels are

viewed more.

Main idea of paragraph 7 The effects of globalization will be seen later.

 GLOBAL TV
__________________________
1 A global television channel that will appeal to the entire world population is possible according to
research from a German institute. The author of the research, Doctor Helmut Jung, chief executive
officer of the Mölln-based Sample institute, says that in order to make it work the tastes of people in
various countries need to be taken into consideration.
__________________________
2 While a possible global television channel is an ideal, in practice people in different countries have
different program preferences. In Russia, 87 % of the people who took part in the research wanted to
see more full-length films compared with a global average of 60 %. In the Middle East, 81% of people
wanted more home-produced news as did 79% in Asia. Only about half respondents from Western
Europe, North America and Japan felt they needed more domestically produced news.
__________________________
3 Jung identified that the regions where people are unhappy with TV programming schedules are those
where there is state-run television such as Central Europe, Russia and Latin America. Instead in the
regions such as Western Europe and North America where there is independent programming, the
viewers were happy with the programs.
__________________________
4 Despite his confidence that global television will eventually arrive, Jung thinks there is a more realistic
alternative for the near future, namely “multicultural regional TV” or “MRTV”. Speaking recently in New
York, Jung said “I am convinced that the concept of global television is basically promising that the
process of globalisation will continue and will first of all happen in the area of media and
telecommunications. But I am also convinced that the idea of global television will be restricted to a
number of channels and to specific types of programmes. The options for the next 20 or 30 years will
be more in the area of regional television.”
__________________________
5 Jung also said that global television’s time had not yet come. It would have to omit certain programmes
due to unpopularity in certain regions which other people might want to see. Viewers still prefer home
produced-news, and cultural differences remain. For example, Asian audiences look for education while
Latin Americans and Europeans generally reject violent programs.
6 Jung’s research has been supported by surveys in Europe which found that pan-European channels
such as Eurosport were tempting more people to watch television. The presence of international
channels, for example, increased the average number of hours of television watched by wealthier
people in Austria, Germany and Switzerland by 15% and in southern Europe by 3%.
7 It remains to be seen what implications the globalisation of television will have. It is certain to
strengthen the position of English as the top language for media in the world, and it may undermine
the status of languages of more economically disadvantaged cultures. But despite increasing
internationalism, national differences remain.

II. Questions
For questions 1-5, match the headings with the paragraphs. There is one extra heading.
1. Para 1 _d__ a. Step by Step Towards Global TV
2. Para 2 _e__ b. Different Policies for Controlling Programming
3. Para 3 _b__ c. Is the World Ready for Global TV?
4. Para 4 _a__ d. Key to Global TV; Taking Everybody’s Opinion
5. Para 5 _c__ e. Different Countries and Different Tastes for TV Programs
f. Number of Hours TV watched by People
6. What do the following numbers refer to:
87% refers to _number of people in Russia who want to see more full-length films_
60% refers to _number of people all around the world who wanted to see full length films
81 % refers to _number of people in Middle East who wanted more home-produced news
79% refers to _number of people who wanted more home-produced news in Asia_

7. What is the percentage of people who prefer domestically produced news in Western
Europe, North America and Japan? _______50%___________________________________.

8. What makes TV audiences happy about schedules of programming according to Jung?____if

there is independent programming (versus state run TV)_________________.

9. How does Jung feel about Global TV?__He thinks it could work in certain areas._______.

10. What is Jung’s prediction about the future of global TV?

___MRTV is the most probable short term development.___________________________.

11. In Paragraph 3, “identified” is closest in meaning to ____________________________.

a) found
b) shared
c) chose
d) believed

12. In Paragraph 5 the author gives the example “Asian audiences look for education while
Latin Americans and Europeans generally reject violent programs” to show that:
a) cultural differences remain when it comes to TV programmes
b) it is time for Global TV
c) Asian, Latin Americans and Europeans don’t want Global TV
d) Education is important in preventing violence

13. In paragraph 4, line 1, what “his” refers to _____ Jung’s ______________

14. In Paragraph 6, line 1 “which” refers to _____ surveys in Europe_______

15. Explain what the author means in paragraph 7 lines 3-4: “But despite increasing
internationalism, national differences remain.”
__Although globalization of TV is undeniable, national differences should be taken into
consideration._____

16. What is the attitude of the writer towards global TV?

a) positive
b) cautionary
c) negative
d) sarcastic

III. Post- reading question: Write an essay to discuss the following:

- Which one would you prefer: a global TV or a regional TV? Why?