R18 B.Tech.

ECE JNTU HYDERABAD

Syllabus
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech. in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS (R18)

Applicable From 2018-19 Admitted Batch

I YEAR I SEMESTER
Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 MA101BS Mathematics - I 3 1 0 4
2 AP102BS Applied Physics 3 1 0 4
3 CS103ES Programming for Problem Solving 3 1 0 4
4 ME104ES Engineering Graphics 1 0 4 3
5 AP105BS Applied Physics Lab 0 0 3 1.5
6 CS106ES Programming for Problem Solving Lab 0 0 3 1.5
7 *MC109ES Environmental Science 3 0 0 0
Induction Programme
Total Credits 13 3 10 18

I YEAR II SEMESTER
Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 MA201BS Mathematics - II 3 1 0 4
2 CH202BS Chemistry 3 1 0 4
3 EE203ES Basic Electrical Engineering 3 0 0 3
4 ME205ES Engineering Workshop 1 0 3 2.5
5 EN205HS English 2 0 0 2
6 CH206BS Engineering Chemistry Lab 0 0 3 1.5
7 EN207HS English Language and Communication Skills 0 0 2 1
Lab
8 EE208ES Basic Electrical Engineering Lab 0 0 2 1
Total Credits 12 2 10 19

II YEAR I SEMESTER
Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 EC301PC Electronic Devices and Circuits 3 1 0 4
2 EC302PC Network Analysis and Transmission Lines 3 0 0 3
3 EC303PC Digital System Design 3 1 0 4
4 EC304PC Signals and Systems 3 1 0 4
5 EC305ES Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes 3 0 0 3
6 EC306PC Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab 0 0 2 1
7 EC307PC Digital System Design Lab 0 0 2 1
8 EC308ES Basic Simulation Lab 0 0 2 1
9 *MC309 Constitution of India 3 0 0 0
Total Credits 18 3 6 21

II YEAR II SEMESTER
Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 MA401BS Laplace Transforms, Numerical Methods & 3 1 0 4
Complex Variables
2 EC402PC Electromagnetic Fields and Waves 3 0 0 3

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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3 EC403PC Analog and Digital Communications 3 1 0 4
4 EC404PC Linear IC Applications 3 0 0 3
5 EC405PC Electronic Circuit Analysis 3 0 0 3
6 EC406PC Analog and Digital Communications Lab 0 0 3 1.5
7 EC407PC IC Applications Lab 0 0 3 1.5
8 EC408PC Electronic Circuit Analysis Lab 0 0 2 1
9 *MC409 Gender Sensitization Lab 0 0 2 0
Total Credits 15 2 10 21

III YEAR I SEMESTER

Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 EC501PC Microprocessors & Microcontrollers 3 1 0 4
2 EC502PC Data Communications and Networks 3 1 0 4
3 EC503PC Control Systems 3 1 0 4
4 SM504MS Business Economics & Financial Analysis 3 0 0 3
5 Professional Elective - I 3 0 0 3
6 EC505PC Microprocessors & Microcontrollers Lab 0 0 3 1.5
7 EC506PC Data Communications and Networks Lab 0 0 3 1.5
8 EN508HS Advanced Communication Skills Lab 0 0 2 1
9 *MC510 Intellectual Property Rights 3 0 0 0
Total Credits 18 3 8 22

III YEAR II SEMESTER

Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 EC601PC Antennas and Propagation 3 1 0 4
2 EC602PC Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4
3 EC603PC VLSI Design 3 1 0 4
4 Professional Elective - II 3 0 0 3
5 Open Elective - I 3 0 0 3
6 EC604PC Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 1.5
7 EC605PC e – CAD Lab 0 0 3 1.5
8 EC606PC Scripting Languages Lab 0 0 2 1
9 *MC609 Environmental Science 3 0 0 0
Total Credits 18 3 8 22

IV YEAR I SEMESTER
Course
S. No. Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 EC701PC Microwave and Optical Communications 3 0 0 3
2 Professional Elective – III 3 0 0 3
3 Professional Elective – IV 3 0 0 3
4 Open Elective - II 3 0 0 3
5 SM702MS Professional Practice, Law & Ethics 2 0 0 2
6 EC703PC Microwave and Optical Communications Lab 0 0 2 1
7 EC704PC Industrial Oriented Mini Project/ Summer 0 0 0 2*
Internship
8 EC705PC Seminar 0 0 2 1
9 EC706PC Project Stage - I 0 0 6 3
Total Credits 14 0 10 21

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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IV YEAR II SEMESTER
S. No. Course Code Course Title L T P Credits
1 Professional Elective – V 3 0 0 3
2 Professional Elective – VI 3 0 0 3
3 Open Elective - III 3 0 0 3
4 EC801PC Project Stage - II 0 0 14 7
Total Credits 9 0 14 16

*MC - Environmental Science – Should be Registered by Lateral Entry Students Only.

*MC – Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory

Note: Industrial Oriented Mini Project/ Summer Internship is to be carried out during the
summer vacation between 6th and 7th semesters. Students should submit report of
Industrial Oriented Mini Project/ Summer Internship for evaluation.

Professional Elective – I
EC511PE Computer Organization & Operating Systems
EC512PE Error Correcting Codes
EC513PE Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation

Professional Elective – II
EC611PE Object Oriented Programming through Java
EC612PE Mobile Communications and Networks
EC613PE Embedded System Design

Professional Elective – III

EC711PE Artificial Neural Networks
EC712PE Scripting Languages
EC713PE Digital Image Processing

Professional Elective – IV
EC721PE Biomedical Instrumentation
EC722PE Database Management Systems
EC723PE Network Security and Cryptography

Professional Elective – V
EC811PE Satellite Communications
EC812PE Radar Systems
EC813PE Wireless Sensor Networks

Professional Elective – VI
EC821PE System on Chip Architecture
EC822PE Test and Testability
EC823PE Low Power VLSI Design

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
MA101BS: MATHEMATICS - I
B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C
3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: To learn
 Types of matrices and their properties.
 Concept of a rank of the matrix and applying this concept to know the consistency
and solving the system of linear equations.
 Concept of Eigen values and eigenvectors and to reduce the quadratic form to
canonical form.
 Concept of Sequence.
 Concept of nature of the series.
 Geometrical approach to the mean value theorems and their application to the
mathematical problems
 Evaluation of surface areas and volumes of revolutions of curves.
 Evaluation of improper integrals using Beta and Gamma functions.
 Partial differentiation, concept of total derivative
 Finding maxima and minima of function of two and three variables.

Course Outcomes: After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to
 Write the matrix representation of a set of linear equations and to analyse the
solution of the system of equations
 Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors
 Reduce the quadratic form to canonical form using orthogonal transformations.
 Analyse the nature of sequence and series.
 Solve the applications on the mean value theorems.
 Evaluate the improper integrals using Beta and Gamma functions
 Find the extreme values of functions of two variables with/ without constraints.

UNIT-I: Matrices
Matrices: Types of Matrices, Symmetric; Hermitian; Skew-symmetric; Skew-Hermitian;
orthogonal matrices; Unitary Matrices; rank of a matrix by Echelon form and Normal
form, Inverse of Non-singular matrices by Gauss-Jordan method; System of linear
equations; solving system of Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous equations. Gauss
elimination method; Gauss Seidel Iteration Method.

UNIT-II: Eigen values and Eigen vectors

Linear Transformation and Orthogonal Transformation: Eigen values and Eigenvectors
and their properties: Diagonalization of a matrix; Cayley-Hamilton Theorem (without
proof); finding inverse and power of a matrix by Cayley-Hamilton Theorem; Quadratic
forms and Nature of the Quadratic Forms; Reduction of Quadratic form to canonical forms
by Orthogonal Transformation

UNIT-III: Sequences & Series

Sequence: Definition of a Sequence, limit; Convergent, Divergent and Oscillatory sequences.
Series: Convergent, Divergent and Oscillatory Series; Series of positive terms;
Comparison test, p-test, D-Alembert’s ratio test; Raabe’s test; Cauchy’s Integral test;
Cauchy’s root test; logarithmic test. Alternating series: Leibnitz test; Alternating
Convergent series: Absolute and Conditionally Convergence.

UNIT-IV: Calculus
Mean value theorems: Rolle’s theorem, Lagrange’s Mean value theorem with their
Geometrical Interpretation and applications, Cauchy’s Mean value Theorem. Taylor’s
Series.
Applications of definite integrals to evaluate surface areas and volumes of revolutions of
curves (Only in Cartesian coordinates), Definition of Improper Integral: Beta and Gamma
functions and their applications.

UNIT-V: Multivariable calculus (Partial Differentiation and applications)

Definitions of Limit and continuity.

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Partial Differentiation; Euler’s Theorem; Total derivative; Jacobian; Functional
dependence & independence, Maxima and minima of functions of two variables and
three variables using method of Lagrange multipliers.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 36th Edition, 2010
2. Erwin kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
2006.
3. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus and Analytic geometry, 9 th Edition, Pearson,
Reprint, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. N.P. Bali and Manish Goyal, A text book of Engineering Mathematics, Laxmi
Publications, Reprint, 2008.
2. Ramana B.V., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi,
11thReprint, 2010.

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Syllabus
AP102BS/AP202BS: APPLIED PHYSICS

B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives:
 Students will demonstrate skills in scientific inquiry, problem solving and laboratory
techniques.
 Students will be able to demonstrate competency and understanding of the
concepts found in Quantum Mechanics, Fiber optics and lasers, Semiconductor
physics and Electromagnetic theory and a broad base of knowledge in physics.
 The graduates will be able to solve non-traditional problems that potentially draw
on knowledge in multiple areas of physics.
 To study applications in engineering like memory devices, transformer core and
electromagnetic machinery.

Course Outcomes: Upon graduation:

 The student would be able to learn the fundamental concepts on Quantum
behaviour of matter in its micro state.
 The knowledge of fundamentals of Semiconductor physics, Optoelectronics,
Lasers and fibre optics enable the students to apply to various systems like
communications, solar cell, photo cells and so on.
 Design, characterization and study of properties of material help the students to
prepare new materials for various engineering applications.
 The course also helps the students to be exposed to the phenomena of
electromagnetism and also to have exposure on magnetic materials and dielectric
materials.

UNIT-I: Quantum Mechanics

Introduction to quantum physics, Black body radiation, Planck’s law, Photoelectric effect,
Compton effect, de-Broglie’s hypothesis, Wave-particle duality, Davisson and Germer
experiment, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, Born’s interpretation of the wave
function, Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation, Particle in one dimensional box.

UNIT-II: Semiconductor Physics

Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, Dependence of Fermi level on carrier-concentration
and temperature, Carrier generation and recombination, Carrier transport: diffusion and
drift, Hall effect, p- n junction diode, Zener diode and their V-I Characteristics, Bipolar
Junction Transistor (BJT): Construction, Principle of operation.

UNIT-III: Optoelectronics
Radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms in semiconductors, LED and
semiconductor lasers: Device structure, Materials, Characteristics and figures of merit,
Semiconductor photodetectors: Solar cell, PIN and Avalanche and their structure,
Materials, working principle and Characteristics.
UNIT-IV: Lasers and Fibre Optics
Lasers: Introduction to interaction of radiation with matter, Coherence, Principle and working
of Laser, Population inversion, Pumping, Types of Lasers: Ruby laser, Carbon dioxide
(CO2) laser, He-Ne laser, Applications of laser. Fibre Optics: Introduction, Optical fibre as
a dielectric wave guide, Total internal reflection, Acceptance angle, Acceptance cone and
Numerical aperture, Step and Graded index fibres, Losses associated with optical fibres,
Applications of optical fibres.

UNIT-V: Electromagnetism and Magnetic Properties of Materials

Laws of electrostatics, Electric current and the continuity equation, Ampere’s and Faraday’s
laws, Maxwell’s equations, Polarisation, Permittivity and Dielectric constant, Internal
fields in a solid, Clausius-Mossotti equation, Ferroelectrics and Piezoelectrics.
Magnetisation, permeability and susceptibility, Classification of magnetic materials,
Ferromagnetism and ferromagnetic domains, Hysteresis, Applications of magnetic
materials.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Physics, B.K. Pandey, S. Chaturvedi - Cengage Learing.
2. Halliday and Resnick, Physics - Wiley.
3. A textbook of Engineering Physics, Dr. M. N. Avadhanulu, Dr. P.G. Kshirsagar - S. Chand

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Richard Robinett, Quantum Mechanics
2. J. Singh, Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Physics and Technology, Mc Graw-Hill inc.
(1995).
3. Online Course: “Optoelectronic Materials and Devices” by Monica Katiyar and
Deepak Guptha on NPTEL

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Syllabus
CS103ES/CS203ES: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives:
 To learn the fundamentals of computers.
 To understand the various steps in program development.
 To learn the syntax and semantics of C programming language.
 To learn the usage of structured programming approach in solving problems.

Course Outcomes: The student will learn

 To write algorithms and to draw flowcharts for solving problems.
 To convert the algorithms/flowcharts to C programs.
 To code and test a given logic in C programming language.
 To decompose a problem into functions and to develop modular reusable code.
 To use arrays, pointers, strings and structures to write C programs.
 Searching and sorting problems.

UNIT - I: Introduction to Programming

Introduction to components of a computer system: disks, primary and secondary memory,
processor, operating system, compilers, creating, compiling and executing a program
etc., Number systems Introduction to Algorithms: steps to solve logical and numerical
problems. Representation of Algorithm, Flowchart/Pseudo code with examples, Program
design and structured programming Introduction to C Programming Language: variables
(with data types and space requirements), Syntax and Logical Errors in compilation,
object and executable code , Operators, expressions and precedence, Expression
evaluation, Storage classes (auto, extern, static and register), type conversion, The main
method and command line arguments
Bitwise operations: Bitwise AND, OR, XOR and NOT operators
Conditional Branching and Loops: Writing and evaluation of conditionals and consequent
branching with if, if-else, switch-case, ternary operator, goto, Iteration with for, while, do-
while loops
I/O: Simple input and output with scanf and printf, formatted I/O, Introduction to stdin, stdout and
stderr. Command line arguments

UNIT - II: Arrays, Strings, Structures and Pointers:

Arrays: one and two dimensional arrays, creating, accessing and manipulating elements of
arrays Strings: Introduction to strings, handling strings as array of characters, basic string
functions available in C (strlen, strcat, strcpy, strstr etc.), arrays of strings
Structures: Defining structures, initializing structures, unions, Array of structures
Pointers: Idea of pointers, Defining pointers, Pointers to Arrays and Structures, Use of
Pointers in self- referential structures, usage of self referential structures in linked list (no
implementation) Enumeration data type

UNIT - III: Preprocessor and File handling in C:

Preprocessor: Commonly used Preprocessor commands like include, define, undef, if, ifdef,
ifndef Files: Text and Binary files, Creating and Reading and writing text and binary files,
Appending data to existing files, Writing and reading structures using binary files,
Random access using fseek, ftell and rewind functions.

UNIT - IV: Function and Dynamic Memory Allocation:

Functions: Designing structured programs, Declaring a function, Signature of a function,
Parameters and return type of a function, passing parameters to functions, call by value,
Passing arrays to functions, passing pointers to functions, idea of call by reference, Some
C standard functions and libraries
Recursion: Simple programs, such as Finding Factorial, Fibonacci series etc., Limitations of
Recursive functions
Dynamic memory allocation: Allocating and freeing memory, Allocating memory for arrays of
different data types

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UNIT - V: Introduction to Algorithms:
Algorithms for finding roots of a quadratic equations, finding minimum and maximum
numbers of a given set, finding if a number is prime number, etc.
Basic searching in an array of elements (linear and binary search techniques),
Basic algorithms to sort array of elements (Bubble, Insertion and Selection sort
algorithms), Basic concept of order of complexity through the example programs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Byron Gottfried, Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C, McGraw-Hill
2. B.A. Forouzan and R.F. Gilberg C Programming and Data Structures, Cengage
Learning, (3rd Edition)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice
2. Hall of India
3. R.G. Dromey, How to solve it by Computer, Pearson (16th Impression)
4. Programming in C, Stephen G. Kochan, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education.
5. Herbert Schildt, C: The Complete Reference, Mc Graw Hill, 4th Edition

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ME104ES/ME204ES: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C

1 0 4 3
Pre-requisites: Nil

Course objectives:
 To provide basic concepts in engineering drawing.
 To impart knowledge about standard principles of orthographic projection of objects.
 To draw sectional views and pictorial views of solids.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
 Preparing working drawings to communicate the ideas and information.
 Read, understand and interpret engineering drawings.

UNIT – I
Introduction to Engineering Drawing: Principles of Engineering Graphics and their Significance,
Conic Sections including the Rectangular Hyperbola – General method only. Cycloid,
Epicycloid and Hypocycloid, Scales – Plain & Diagonal.

UNIT- II
Orthographic Projections: Principles of Orthographic Projections – Conventions – Projections of
Points and Lines, Projections of Plane regular geometric figures.—Auxiliary Planes.

UNIT – III
Projections of Regular Solids – Auxiliary Views - Sections or Sectional views of Right Regular
Solids – Prism, Cylinder, Pyramid, Cone – Auxiliary views – Sections of Sphere

UNIT – IV
Development of Surfaces of Right Regular Solids – Prism, Cylinder, Pyramid and Cone,
Intersection of Solids: Intersection of – Prism vs Prism- Cylinder Vs Cylinder

UNIT – V
Isometric Projections: Principles of Isometric Projection – Isometric Scale – Isometric Views –
Conventions – Isometric Views of Lines, Plane Figures, Simple and Compound Solids –
Isometric Projection of objects having non- isometric lines. Isometric Projection of
Spherical Parts. Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views and Vice-versa –
Conventions

Introduction to CAD: (For Internal Evaluation Weightage only):

Introduction to CAD Software Package Commands - Free Hand Sketches of 2D - Creation of
2D Sketches by CAD Package

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Drawing N.D. Bhatt / Charotar
2. Engineering Drawing / N. S. Parthasarathy and Vela Murali/ Oxford

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering Drawing / Basant Agrawal and McAgrawal/ McGraw Hill
2. Engineering Drawing/ M. B. Shah, B.C. Rane / Pearson.
3. Computer Aided Engineering Drawing – K Balaveera Reddy et al – CBS Publishers

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AP105BS/AP205BS: APPLIED PHYSICS LAB

B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

List of Experiments:
1. Energy gap of P-N junction diode:
To determine the energy gap of a semiconductor diode.

2. Solar Cell:
To study the V-I Characteristics of solar cell.

3. Light emitting diode:

Plot V-I and P-I characteristics of light emitting diode.

4. Stewart – Gee’s experiment:

Determination of magnetic field along the axis of a current carrying coil.

5. Hall effect:
To determine Hall co-efficient of a given semiconductor.

6. Photoelectric effect:
To determine work function of a given material.

7. LASER:
To study the characteristics of LASER sources.

8. Optical fibre:
To determine the bending losses of Optical fibres.

9. LCR Circuit:
To determine the Quality factor of LCR Circuit.

10. R-C Circuit:

To determine the time constant of R-C circuit.

Note: Any 8 experiments are to be performed

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CS106ES/CS206ES: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING LAB

B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

[Note:The programs may be executed using any available Open Source/ Freely available IDE
Some of the Tools available are:
CodeLite: https://codelite.org/
Code::Blocks: http://www.codeblocks.org/
DevCpp : http://www.bloodshed.net/devcpp.html
Eclipse: http://www.eclipse.org
This list is not exhaustive and is NOT in any order of preference]

Course Objectives: The students will learn the following:

 To work with an IDE to create, edit, compile, run and debug programs
 To analyze the various steps in program development.
 To develop programs to solve basic problems by understanding basic
concepts in C like operators, control statements etc.
 To develop modular, reusable and readable C Programs using the concepts like
functions, arrays etc.
 To Write programs using the Dynamic Memory Allocation concept.
 To create, read from and write to text and binary files

Course Outcomes: The candidate is expected to be able to:

 formulate the algorithms for simple problems
 translate given algorithms to a working and correct program
 correct syntax errors as reported by the compilers
 identify and correct logical errors encountered during execution
 represent and manipulate data with arrays, strings and structures
 use pointers of different types
 create, read and write to and from simple text and binary files
 modularize the code with functions so that they can be reused

Practice sessions:
a. Write a simple program that prints the results of all the operators available in C
(including pre/ post increment, bitwise and/or/not, etc.). Read required operand
values from standard input.
b. Write a simple program that converts one given data type to another using auto
conversion and casting. Take the values form standard input.

Simple numeric problems:

a. Write a program for fiend the max and min from the three numbers.
b. Write the program for the simple, compound interest.
c. Write program that declares Class awarded for a given percentage of marks, where
mark
<40%= Failed, 40% to <60% = Second class, 60% to <70%=First class, >= 70%
= Distinction. Read percentage from standard input.
d. Write a program that prints a multiplication table for a given number and the
number of rows in the table. For example, for a number 5 and rows = 3, the
output should be:
e. 5 x 1 = 5
f. 5 x 2 = 10
g. 5 x 3 = 15
h. Write a program that shows the binary equivalent of a given positive number between
0 to 255.

Expression Evaluation:
a. A building has 10 floors with a floor height of 3 meters each. A ball is dropped
from the top of the building. Find the time taken by the ball to reach each floor.
(Use the formula s = ut+(1/2)at^2 where u and a are the initial velocity in m/sec
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(= 0) and acceleration in m/sec^2 (= 9.8 m/s^2)).
b. Write a C program, which takes two integer operands and one operator from the
user, performs the operation and then prints the result. (Consider the operators
+,-,*, /, % and use Switch Statement)

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c. Write a program that finds if a given number is a prime number
d. Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer and test
given number is palindrome.
e. A Fibonacci sequence is defined as follows: the first and second terms in the
sequence are 0 and 1. Subsequent terms are found by adding the preceding two
terms in the sequence. Write a C program to generate the first n terms of the
sequence.
f. Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where
n is a value supplied by the user.
g. Write a C program to find the roots of a Quadratic equation.
h. Write a C program to calculate the following, where x is a fractional value.
i. 1-x/2 +x^2/4-x^3/6
j. Write a C program to read in two numbers, x and n, and then compute the sum of
this geometric progression: 1+x+x^2+x^3+ +x^n. For example: if n is 3
and x is 5, then the program
computes 1+5+25+125.

Arrays and Pointers and Functions:

a. Write a C program to find the minimum, maximum and average in an array of
integers.
b. Write a functions to compute mean, variance, Standard Deviation, sorting of n
elements in single dimension array.
c. Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following:
d. Addition of Two Matrices
e. ii. Multiplication of Two Matrices
f. iii. Transpose of a matrix with memory dynamically allocated for the new matrix
as row and column counts may not be same.
g. Write C programs that use both recursive and non-recursive functions
h. To find the factorial of a given integer.
i. ii. To find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two given integers.
j. iii. To find x^n
k. Write a program for reading elements using pointer into array and display the
values using array.
l. Write a program for display values reverse order from array using pointer.
m. Write a program through pointer variable to sum of n elements from array.

Files:
a. Write a C program to display the contents of a file to standard output device.
b. Write a C program which copies one file to another, replacing all lowercase
characters with their uppercase equivalents.
c. Write a C program to count the number of times a character occurs in a text file.
The file name and the character are supplied as command line arguments.
d. Write a C program that does the following:
It should first create a binary file and store 10 integers, where the file name and 10
values are given in the command line. (hint: convert the strings using atoi
function)
Now the program asks for an index and a value from the user and the value at that
index should be changed to the new value in the file. (hint: use fseek function)
The program should then read all 10 values and print them back.
e. Write a C program to merge two files into a third file (i.e., the contents of the firs t
file followed by those of the second are put in the third file).

Strings:
a. Write a C program to convert a Roman numeral ranging from I to L to its decimal
equivalent.
b. Write a C program that converts a number ranging from 1 to 50 to Roman equivalent
c. Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:
d. To insert a sub-string in to a given main string from a given position.
e. ii. To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.
f. Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or not (Spelled
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same in both directions with or without a meaning like madam, civic, noon, abcba,
etc.)
g. Write a C program that displays the position of a character ch in the string S or – 1
if S doesn‘t contain ch.
h. Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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Miscellaneous:
a. Write a menu driven C program that allows a user to enter n numbers and then
choose between finding the smallest, largest, sum, or average. The menu and all
the choices are to be functions. Use a switch statement to determine what action
to take. Display an error message if an invalid choice is entered.

b. Write a C program to construct a pyramid of numbers as follows:

* 1 1 *
2 ** 23 22 **
123 *** 456 333 ***
4444 **
*

Sorting and Searching:

a. Write a C program that uses non recursive function to search for a Key value in a
given
b. list of integers using linear search method.
c. Write a C program that uses non recursive function to search for a Key value in a
given
d. sorted list of integers using binary search method.
e. Write a C program that implements the Bubble sort method to sort a given list of
f. integers in ascending order.
g. Write a C program that sorts the given array of integers using selection sort in
descending order
h. Write a C program that sorts the given array of integers using insertion sort in
ascending order
i. Write a C program that sorts a given array of names

Suggested Reference Books for solving the problems:

i. Byron Gottfried, Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C, McGraw-Hill
ii. B.A. Forouzan and R.F. Gilberg C Programming and Data Structures, Cengage
Learning, (3rd Edition)
iii. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice
iv. Hall of India
v. R.G. Dromey, How to solve it by Computer, Pearson (16th Impression)
vi. Programming in C, Stephen G. Kochan, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education.
vii. Herbert Schildt, C: The Complete Reference, Mc Graw Hill, 4th Edition

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
*MC109ES: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
B.Tech. I Year I Sem. L T P C
3 0 0 0
Course Objectives:
 Understanding the importance of ecological balance for sustainable development.
 Understanding the impacts of developmental activities and mitigation measures.
 Understanding the environmental policies and regulations

Course Outcomes:
 Based on this course, the Engineering graduate will understand /evaluate /
develop technologies on the basis of ecological principles and environmental
regulations which in turn helps in sustainable development

UNIT-I
Ecosystems: Definition, Scope, and Importance of ecosystem. Classification, structure, and
function of an ecosystem, Food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Flow of
energy, Biogeochemical cycles, Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, ecosystem value,
services and carrying capacity, Field visits.

UNIT-II
Natural Resources: Classification of Resources: Living and Non-Living resources, water
resources: use and over utilization of surface and ground water, floods and droughts,
Dams: benefits and problems. Mineral resources: use and exploitation, environmental
effects of extracting and using mineral resources, Land resources: Forest resources,
Energy resources: growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources,
use of alternate energy source, case studies.

UNIT-III
Biodiversity and Biotic Resources: Introduction, Definition, genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity. Value of biodiversity; consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic
and optional values. India as a mega diversity nation, Hot spots of biodiversity. Field visit.
Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts;
conservation of biodiversity: In-Situ and Ex-situ conservation. National Biodiversity act.

UNIT-IV
Environmental Pollution and Control Technologies: Environmental Pollution: Classification of
pollution, Air Pollution: Primary and secondary pollutants, Automobile and Industrial
pollution, Ambient air quality standards. Water pollution: Sources and types of pollution,
drinking water quality standards. Soil Pollution: Sources and types, Impacts of modern
agriculture, degradation of soil. Noise Pollution: Sources and Health hazards, standards,
Solid waste: Municipal Solid Waste management, composition and characteristics of e-
Waste and its management. Pollution control technologies: Wastewater Treatment
methods: Primary, secondary and Tertiary.
Overview of air pollution control technologies, Concepts of bioremediation. Global
Environmental Issues and Global Efforts: Climate change and impacts on human
environment. Ozone depletion and Ozone depleting substances (ODS). Deforestation and
desertification. International conventions / Protocols: Earth summit, Kyoto protocol, and
Montréal Protocol. NAPCC-GoI Initiatives.

UNIT-V
Environmental Policy, Legislation & EIA: Environmental Protection act, Legal aspects Air Act-
1981, Water Act, Forest Act, Wild life Act, Municipal solid waste management and
handling rules, biomedical waste management and handling rules, hazardous waste
management and handling rules. EIA: EIA structure, methods of baseline data acquisition.
Overview on Impacts of air, water, biological and Socio- economical aspects. Strategies
for risk assessment, Concepts of Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Towards
Sustainable Future: Concept of Sustainable Development Goals, Population and its
explosion, Crazy Consumerism, Environmental Education, Urban Sprawl, Human health,
Environmental Ethics, Concept of Green Building, Ecological Foot Print, Life Cycle
assessment (LCA), Low carbon life style.
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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
TEXT BOOKS:
1 Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha
for University Grants Commission.

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
2 Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University Press.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Environmental Science: towards a sustainable future by Richard T. Wright. 2008
PHL Learning Private Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Environmental Engineering and science by Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell P. Ela.
2008 PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Environmental Science by Daniel B. Botkin & Edward A. Keller, Wiley INDIA edition.
4. Environmental Studies by Anubha Kaushik, 4th Edition, New age international
publishers.
5. Text book of Environmental Science and Technology - Dr. M. Anji Reddy 2007, BS
Publications.
6. Introduction to Environmental Science by Y. Anjaneyulu, BS. Publications.

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
MA201BS: MATHEMATICS - II

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4

Course Objectives: To learn

 Methods of solving the differential equations of first and higher order.
 Evaluation of multiple integrals and their applications
 The physical quantities involved in engineering field related to vector valued functions
 The basic properties of vector valued functions and their applications to line,
surface and volume integrals

Course Outcomes: After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to
 Identify whether the given differential equation of first order is exact or not
 Solve higher differential equation and apply the concept of differential equation
to real world problems
 Evaluate the multiple integrals and apply the concept to find areas, volumes, centre
of mass and Gravity for cubes, sphere and rectangular parallelopiped
 Evaluate the line, surface and volume integrals and converting them from one to
another

UNIT-I: First Order ODE

Exact, linear and Bernoulli’s equations; Applications: Newton’s law of cooling, Law of natural
growth and decay; Equations not of first degree: equations solvable for p, equations
solvable for y, equations solvable for x and Clairaut’s type.

UNIT-II: Ordinary Differential Equations of Higher Order

terms of the type 𝑒𝑎𝑥, sin 𝑎𝑥 , cos 𝑎𝑥, polynomials in 𝑥, 𝑒𝑎𝑥𝑉(𝑥) and 𝑥 𝑉(𝑥); method of
Second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients: Non-Homogeneous

variation of parameters; Equations reducible to linear ODE with constant coefficients:

Legendre’s equation, Cauchy-Euler equation.

UNIT-III: Multivariable Calculus (Integration)

Evaluation of Double Integrals (Cartesian and polar coordinates); change of order of
integration (only Cartesian form); Evaluation of Triple Integrals: Change of variables
(Cartesian to polar) for double and (Cartesian to Spherical and Cylindrical polar
coordinates) for triple integrals.
Applications: Areas (by double integrals) and volumes (by double integrals and triple
integrals), Centre of mass and Gravity (constant and variable densities) by double and
triple integrals (applications involving cubes, sphere and rectangular parallelopiped).

UNIT-IV: Vector Differentiation

Vector point functions and scalar point functions. Gradient, Divergence and Curl. Directional
derivatives, Tangent plane and normal line. Vector Identities. Scalar potential functions.
Solenoidal and Irrotational vectors.

UNIT-V: Vector Integration

Line, Surface and Volume Integrals. Theorems of Green, Gauss and Stokes (without proofs)
and their applications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 36th Edition, 2010
2. Erwin kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons,2006
3. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus and Analytic geometry, 9 thEdition, Pearson,
Reprint, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Paras Ram, Engineering Mathematics, 2nd Edition, CBS Publishes
2. S. L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Ed., Wiley India, 1984.
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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
CH102BS/CH202BS: CHEMISTRY

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives:
 To bring adaptability to the concepts of chemistry and to acquire the required skills
to become a perfect engineer.
 To impart the basic knowledge of atomic, molecular and electronic modifications
which makes the student to understand the technology based on them.
 To acquire the knowledge of electrochemistry, corrosion and water treatment which
are essential for the Engineers and in industry.
 To acquire the skills pertaining to spectroscopy and to apply them for medical and other
fields.
 To impart the knowledge of stereochemistry and synthetic aspects useful for
understanding reaction pathways

Course Outcomes: The basic concepts included in this course will help the student to gain:
 The knowledge of atomic, molecular and electronic changes, band theory related to
conductivity.
 The required principles and concepts of electrochemistry, corrosion and in
understanding the problem of water and its treatments.
 The required skills to get clear concepts on basic spectroscopy and application to
medical and other fields.
 The knowledge of configurational and conformational analysis of molecules and
reaction mechanisms.

UNIT - I:
Molecular structure and Theories of Bonding: Atomic and Molecular orbitals. Linear
Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO), molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules,
molecular orbital energy level diagrams of N2, O2 and F2 molecules. π molecular orbitals
of butadiene and benzene.
Crystal Field Theory (CFT): Salient Features of CFT – Crystal Field Splitting of transition metal
ion d- orbitals in Tetrahedral, Octahedral and square planar geometries. Band structure
of solids and effect of doping on conductance.

UNIT - II:
Water and its treatment: Introduction – hardness of water – Causes of hardness - Types of
hardness: temporary and permanent – expression and units of hardness – Estimation of
hardness of water by complexometric method. Potable water and its specifications.
Steps involved in treatment of water – Disinfection of water by chlorination and
ozonization. Boiler feed water and its treatment – Calgon conditioning, Phosphate
conditioning and Colloidal conditioning. External treatment of water – Ion exchange
process. Desalination of water – Reverse osmosis. Numerical problems.

UNIT - III:
Electrochemistry and corrosion: Electro chemical cells – electrode potential, standard
electrode potential, types of electrodes – calomel, Quinhydrone and glass electrode.
Nernst equation Determination of pH of a solution by using quinhydrone and glass
electrode. Electrochemical series and its applications. Numerical problems.
Potentiometric titrations. Batteries – Primary (Lithium cell) and secondary batteries (Lead
– acid storage battery and Lithium ion battery).
Causes and effects of corrosion – theories of chemical and electrochemical corrosion –
mechanism of electrochemical corrosion, Types of corrosion: Galvanic, water-line and
pitting corrosion. Factors affecting rate of corrosion, Corrosion control methods- Cathodic
protection – Sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic methods. Surface coatings
– metallic coatings – methods of application. Electroless plating of Nickel.

UNIT - IV:
Stereochemistry, Reaction Mechanism and synthesis of drug molecules: Introduction to
representation of 3-dimensional structures, Structural and stereoisomers, configurations,
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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
symmetry and chirality. Enantiomers, diastereomers, optical activity and Absolute
configuration. Conformation alanalysis of n- butane.
Substitution reactions: Nucleophilic substitution reactions: Mechanism of S N1, SN2 reactions.
Electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions: Addition of HBr to propene.
Markownikoff and anti

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
Markownikoff’s additions. Grignard additions on carbonyl compounds. Elimination
reactions: Dehydro halogenation of alkylhalides. Saytzeff rule. Oxidation reactions:
Oxidation of alcohols using KMnO4 and chromic acid.
Reduction reactions: reduction of carbonyl compounds using LiAlH4 & NaBH4.
Hydroboration of olefins. Structure, synthesis and pharmaceutical applications of
Paracetamol and Aspirin.

UNIT - V:
Spectroscopic techniques and applications: Principles of spectroscopy, selection rules and
applications of electronic spectroscopy. vibrational and rotational spectroscopy. Basic
concepts of Nuclear magnetic resonance Spectroscopy, chemical shift. Introduction to
Magnetic resonance imaging.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, 10th Edn, Oxford University Press.
2. Engineering Chemistry by P.C.Jain & M.Jain; Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, by C.N. Banwell, 4th Edn, McGraw Hill
Publishing.
4. Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function by K.P.C. Volhardt and N.E.Schore,
5th Edition, Macmillan International Higher Education.
5. University Chemistry, by B.M. Mahan, Pearson IV Edition.
6. Engineering Chemistry (NPTEL Web-book), by B.L. Tembe, Kamaluddin and M.S.
Krishnan

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
EE103ES/EE203ES: BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:
 To introduce the concepts of electrical circuits and its components
 To understand magnetic circuits, DC circuits and AC single phase & three phase
circuits
 To study and understand the different types of DC/AC machines and Transformers.
 To import the knowledge of various electrical installations.
 To introduce the concept of power, power factor and its improvement.

Course Outcomes:
 To analyze and solve electrical circuits using network laws and theorems.
 To understand and analyze basic Electric and Magnetic circuits
 To study the working principles of Electrical Machines
 To introduce components of Low Voltage Electrical Installations

UNIT-I: D.C. Circuits

Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C), voltage and current sources, KVL&KCL, analysis of
simple circuits with dc excitation. Superposition, Thevenin and Norton Theorems.
Time-domain analysis of first-order RL and RC circuits.

UNIT-II: A.C. Circuits

Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, peak and rms values, phasor representation, real
power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, Analysis of single-phase ac circuits
consisting of R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC combinations (series and parallel), resonance in series
R-L-C circuit.
Three-phase balanced circuits, voltage and current relations in star and delta connections.

UNIT-III: Transformers
Ideal and practical transformer, equivalent circuit, losses in transformers, regulation and
efficiency. Auto-transformer and three-phase transformer connections.

UNIT-IV: Electrical Machines

Generation of rotating magnetic fields, Construction and working of a three-phase induction
motor, Significance of torque-slip characteristic. Loss components and efficiency, starting
and speed control of induction motor. Single-phase induction motor. Construction,
working, torque-speed characteristic and speed control of separately excited dc motor.
Construction and working of synchronous generators.

UNIT-V: Electrical Installations

Components of LT Switchgear: Switch Fuse Unit (SFU), MCB, ELCB, MCCB, Types of Wires and
Cables, Earthing. Types of Batteries, Important Characteristics for Batteries. Elementary
calculations for energy consumption, power factor improvement and battery backup.

TEXT /REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Basic Electrical Engineering - D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, 3rd edition 2010, Tata
McGraw Hill.
2. D.C. Kulshreshtha, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 2009.
3. L.S. Bobrow, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering”, Oxford University Press, 2011
4. Electrical and Electronics Technology, E. Hughes, 10th Edition, Pearson, 2010
5. Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, Vincent Deltoro, Second Edition, Prentice
Hall India, 1989.

26
 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
ME105ES/ME205ES: ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

1 0 3 2.5
Pre-requisites: Practical skill

Course Objectives:
 To Study of different hand operated power tools, uses and their demonstration.
 To gain a good basic working knowledge required for the production of various
engineering products.
 To provide hands on experience about use of different engineering
materials, tools, equipments and processes those are common in the
engineering field.
 To develop a right attitude, team working, precision and safety at work place.
 It explains the construction, function, use and application of different working
tools, equipment and machines.
 To study commonly used carpentry joints.
 To have practical exposure to various welding and joining processes.
 Identify and use marking out tools, hand tools, measuring equipment
and to work to prescribed tolerances.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
 Study and practice on machine tools and their operations
 Practice on manufacturing of components using workshop trades including
pluming, fitting, carpentry, foundry, house wiring and welding.
 Identify and apply suitable tools for different trades of Engineering
processes including drilling, material removing, measuring, chiseling.
 Apply basic electrical engineering knowledge for house wiring practice.

1. TRADES FOR EXERCISES:

At least two exercises from each trade:
I. Carpentry – (T-Lap Joint, Dovetail Joint, Mortise & Tenon Joint)
II. Fitting – (V-Fit, Dovetail Fit & Semi-circular fit)
III. Tin-Smithy – (Square Tin, Rectangular Tray & Conical Funnel)
IV. Foundry – (Preparation of Green Sand Mould using Single Piece and Split Pattern)
V. Welding Practice – (Arc Welding & Gas Welding)
VI. House-wiring – (Parallel & Series, Two-way Switch and Tube Light)
VII. Black Smithy – (Round to Square, Fan Hook and S-Hook)

2. TRADES FOR DEMONSTRATION & EXPOSURE:

Plumbing, Machine Shop, Metal Cutting (Water Plasma), Power tools in construction and
Wood Working

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Workshop Practice /B. L. Juneja / Cengage
2. Workshop Manual / K. Venugopal / Anuradha.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Work shop Manual - P. Kannaiah/ K. L. Narayana/ SciTech
2. Workshop Manual / Venkat Reddy/ BSP

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
EN105HS/EN205HS: ENGLISH

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

2 0 0 2

INTRODUCTION
In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the
consequent emphasis on training students to acquire language skills, the syllabus of
English has been designed to develop linguistic, communicative and critical thinking
competencies of Engineering students.

In English classes, the focus should be on the skills development in the areas of vocabulary,
grammar, reading and writing. For this, the teachers should use the prescribed text for
detailed study. The students should be encouraged to read the texts leading to reading
comprehension and different passages may be given for practice in the class. The time
should be utilized for working out the exercises given after each excerpt, and also for
supplementing the exercises with authentic materials of a similar kind, for example,
newspaper articles, advertisements, promotional material etc. The focus in this syllabus is on
skill development, fostering ideas and practice of language skills in various contexts and cultures.

Learning Objectives: The course will help to

a. Improve the language proficiency of students in English with an emphasis on
Vocabulary, Grammar, Reading and Writing skills.
b. Equip students to study academic subjects more effectively and critically using the
theoretical and practical components of English syllabus.
c. Develop study skills and communication skills in formal and informal situations.

Course Outcomes: Students should be able to

 Use English Language effectively in spoken and written forms.
 Comprehend the given texts and respond appropriately.
 Communicate confidently in various contexts and different cultures.
 Acquire basic proficiency in English including reading and listening
comprehension, writing and speaking skills.

SYLLABUS

UNIT –I
‘The Raman Effect’ from the prescribed textbook ‘English for Engineers’ published by
Cambridge University Press.
Vocabulary Building: The Concept of Word Formation --The Use of Prefixes and
Suffixes. Grammar: Identifying Common Errors in Writing with Reference to Articles
and Prepositions. Reading: Reading and Its Importance- Techniques for Effective
Reading.
Basic Writing Skills: Sentence Structures -Use of Phrases and Clauses in Sentences-
Importance of Proper Punctuation- Techniques for writing precisely – Paragraph writing –
Types, Structures and Features of a Paragraph - Creating Coherence-Organizing
Principles of Paragraphs in Documents.

UNIT –II
‘Ancient Architecture in India’ from the prescribed textbook ‘English for Engineers’ published
by Cambridge University Press.
Vocabulary: Synonyms and Antonyms.
Grammar: Identifying Common Errors in Writing with Reference to Noun-pronoun
Agreement and Subject-verb Agreement.
Reading: Improving Comprehension Skills – Techniques for Good Comprehension
Writing: Format of a Formal Letter-Writing Formal Letters E.g.., Letter of Complaint, Letter
of Requisition, Job Application with Resume.

UNIT –III
‘Blue Jeans’ from the prescribed textbook ‘English for Engineers’ published by Cambridge
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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
University Press.
Vocabulary: Acquaintance with Prefixes and Suffixes from Foreign Languages in English
to form Derivatives-Words from Foreign Languages and their Use in English.

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
Grammar: Identifying Common Errors in Writing with Reference to Misplaced Modifiers and
Tenses.
Reading: Sub-skills of Reading- Skimming and Scanning
Writing: Nature and Style of Sensible Writing- Defining- Describing Objects, Places and Events –
Classifying- Providing Examples or Evidence

UNIT –IV
‘What Should You Be Eating’ from the prescribed textbook ‘English for Engineers’ published by
Cambridge University Press.
Vocabulary: Standard Abbreviations in English
Grammar: Redundancies and Clichés in Oral and Written Communication.
Reading: Comprehension- Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading
Writing: Writing Practices--Writing Introduction and Conclusion - Essay Writing-Précis Writing.

UNIT –V
‘How a Chinese Billionaire Built Her Fortune’ from the prescribed textbook ‘English for
Engineers’ published by Cambridge University Press.
Vocabulary: Technical Vocabulary and their usage
Grammar: Common Errors in English
Reading: Reading Comprehension-Exercises for Practice
Writing: Technical Reports- Introduction – Characteristics of a Report –
Categories of Reports
Formats- Structure of Reports (Manuscript Format) -Types of Reports - Writing aReport.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Sudarshana, N.P. and Savitha, C. (2018). English for Engineers. Cambridge University
Press.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Swan, M. (2016). Practical English Usage. Oxford University Press.
2. Kumar, S and Lata, P. (2018). Communication Skills. Oxford University Press.
3. Wood, F.T. (2007). Remedial English Grammar. Macmillan.
4. Zinsser, William. (2001). On Writing Well. Harper Resource Book.
5. Hamp-Lyons, L. (2006). Study Writing. Cambridge University Press.
6. Exercises in Spoken English. Parts I –III. CIEFL, Hyderabad. Oxford University Press.

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
CH106BS/CH206BS: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LAB

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

Course Objectives: The course consists of experiments related to the principles of chemistry
required for engineering student. The student will learn:
 Estimation of hardness and chloride content in water to check its suitability for drinking
purpose.
 To determine the rate constant of reactions from concentrations as an function of time.
 The measurement of physical properties like adsorption and viscosity.
 To synthesize the drug molecules and check the purity of organic molecules by
thin layer chromatographic (TLC) technique.

Course Outcomes: The experiments will make the student gain skills on:
 Determination of parameters like hardness and chloride content in water.
 Estimation of rate constant of a reaction from concentration – time relationships.
 Determination of physical properties like adsorption and viscosity.
 Calculation of Rf values of some organic molecules by TLC technique.

List of Experiments:
1. Determination of total hardness of water by complexometric method using EDTA
2. Determination of chloride content of water by Argentometry
3. Estimation of an HCl by Conductometric titrations
4. Estimation of Acetic acid by Conductometric titrations
5. Estimation of HCl by Potentiometric titrations
6. Estimation of Fe2+ by Potentiometry using KMnO4
7. Determination of rate constant of acid catalysed hydrolysis of methyl acetate
8. Synthesis of Aspirin and Paracetamol
9. Thin layer chromatography calculation of Rf values. eg ortho and para nitro phenols
10. Determination of acid value of coconut oil
11. Verification of freundlich adsorption isotherm-adsorption of acetic acid on charcoal
12. Determination of viscosity of castor oil and ground nut oil by using Ostwald’s
viscometer.
13. Determination of partition coefficient of acetic acid between n-butanol and water.
14. Determination of surface tension of a give liquid using stalagmometer.

References
1. Senior practical physical chemistry, B.D. Khosla, A. Gulati and V. Garg (R. Chand & Co.,
Delhi)
2. An introduction to practical chemistry, K.K. Sharma and D. S. Sharma (Vikas publishing,
N. Delhi)
3. Vogel’s text book of practical organic chemistry 5th edition
4. Text book on Experiments and calculations in Engineering chemistry – S.S. Dara

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus

EN107HS/EN207HS: ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 1

The Language Lab focuses on the production and practice of sounds of language and familiarizes
the students with the use of English in everyday situations both in formal and informal
contexts.

Course Objectives:
 To facilitate computer-assisted multi-media instruction enabling
individualized and independent language learning
 To sensitize students to the nuances of English speech sounds, word
accent, intonation and rhythm
 To bring about a consistent accent and intelligibility in students’
pronunciation of English by providing an opportunity for practice in
speaking
 To improve the fluency of students in spoken English and neutralize
their mother tongue influence
 To train students to use language appropriately for public speaking and interviews

Course Outcomes: Students will be able to attain

 Better understanding of nuances of English language through audio- visual
experience and group activities
 Neutralization of accent for intelligibility
 Speaking skills with clarity and confidence which in turn enhances their
employability skills

Syllabus
English Language and Communication Skills Lab (ELCS) shall have two parts:
a. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab
b. Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab

Listening Skills
Objectives
1. To enable students develop their listening skills so that they may appreciate its role
in the LSRW skills approach to language and improve their pronunciation
2. To equip students with necessary training in listening so that they can comprehend
the speech of people of different backgrounds and regions

Students should be given practice in listening to the sounds of the language, to be able to recognize
them and find the distinction between different sounds, to be able to mark stress and recognize and
use the right intonation in sentences.
•Listening for general content
•Listening to fill up information
•Intensive listening
•Listening for specific information

Speaking Skills
Objectives
1. To involve students in speaking activities in various contexts
2. To enable students express themselves fluently and appropriately in social and
professional contexts
•Oral practice: Just A Minute (JAM) Sessions
•Describing objects/situations/people
•Role play – Individual/Group activities

 The following course content is prescribed for the English Language and Communication Skills
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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
Lab based on Unit-6 of AICTE Model Curriculum 2018 for B.Tech First English. As the syllabus
is

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
very limited, it is required to prepare teaching/learning materials by the teachers collectively in
the form of handouts based on the needs of the students in their respective colleges for
effective teaching/learning and timesaving in the Lab)

Exercise – I
CALL Lab:
Understand: Listening Skill- Its importance – Purpose- Process- Types- Barriers of Listening.
Practice: Introduction to Phonetics – Speech Sounds – Vowels and Consonants.
ICS Lab:
Understand: Communication at Work Place- Spoken vs. Written language.
Practice: Ice-Breaking Activity and JAM Session- Situational Dialogues – Greetings – Taking
Leave – Introducing Oneself and Others.

Exercise – II
CALL Lab:
Understand: Structure of Syllables – Word Stress and Rhythm– Weak Forms and Strong Forms in
Context.
Practice: Basic Rules of Word Accent - Stress Shift - Weak Forms and Strong Forms in Context.
ICS Lab:
Understand: Features of Good Conversation – Non-verbal Communication.
Practice: Situational Dialogues – Role-Play- Expressions in Various Situations –Making Requests
and Seeking Permissions - Telephone Etiquette.

Exercise - III
CALL Lab:
Understand: Intonation-Errors in Pronunciation-the Influence of Mother Tongue (MTI).
Practice: Common Indian Variants in Pronunciation – Differences in British and American
Pronunciation.
ICS Lab:
Understand: How to make Formal Presentations.
Practice: Formal Presentations.

Exercise – IV
CALL Lab:
Understand: Listening for General
Details. Practice: Listening
Comprehension Tests. ICS Lab:
Understand: Public Speaking – Exposure to Structured Talks.
Practice: Making a Short Speech – Extempore.

Exercise – V
CALL Lab:
Understand: Listening for Specific
Details. Practice: Listening
Comprehension Tests. ICS Lab:
Understand: Interview Skills.
Practice: Mock Interviews.
**************

Minimum Requirement of infrastructural facilities for ELCS Lab:

1. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Lab:
The Computer Assisted Language Learning Lab has to accommodate 40 students with
40 systems, with one Master Console, LAN facility and English language learning
software for self- study by students.

System Requirement (Hardware component):

Computer network with LAN facility (minimum 40 systems with multimedia) with the following
specifications:
i) Computers with Suitable Configuration
ii) High Fidelity Headphones
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2. Interactive Communication Skills (ICS) Lab:
The Interactive Communication Skills Lab: A Spacious room with movable chairs and
audio- visual aids with a Public-Address System, a LCD and a projector etc.

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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EE108ES/EE208ES: BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

B.Tech. I Year II Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 1

Course Objectives:
 To analyze a given network by applying various electrical laws and network theorems
 To know the response of electrical circuits for different excitations
 To calculate, measure and know the relation between basic electrical parameters.
 To analyze the performance characteristics of DC and AC electrical machines

Course Outcomes:
 Get an exposure to basic electrical laws.
 Understand the response of different types of electrical circuits to different excitations.
 Understand the measurement, calculation and relation between the basic electrical
parameters
 Understand the basic characteristics of transformers and electrical machines.

List of experiments/demonstrations:
1. Verification of Ohms Law
2. Verification of KVL and KCL
3. Transient Response of Series RL and RC circuits using DC excitation
4. Transient Response of RLC Series circuit using DC excitation
5. Resonance in series RLC circuit
6. Calculations and Verification of Impedance and Current of RL, RC and RLC series
circuits
7. Measurement of Voltage, Current and Real Power in primary and Secondary
Circuits of a Single-Phase Transformer
8. Load Test on Single Phase Transformer (Calculate Efficiency and Regulation)
9. Three Phase Transformer: Verification of Relationship between Voltages and
Currents (Star- Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-star, Star-Star)
10. Measurement of Active and Reactive Power in a balanced Three-phase circuit
11. Performance Characteristics of a Separately/Self Excited DC Shunt/Compound Motor
12. Torque-Speed Characteristics of a Separately/Self Excited DC Shunt/Compound Motor
13. Performance Characteristics of a Three-phase Induction Motor
14. Torque-Speed Characteristics of a Three-phase Induction Motor
15. No-Load Characteristics of a Three-phase Alternator

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EC301PC: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives:
 To introduce components such as diodes, BJTs and FETs.
 To know the applications of components.
 To know the switching characteristics of components
 To give understanding of various types of amplifier circuits

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the Course, the students will be able to:
 Know the characteristics of various components.
 Understand the utilization of components.
 Understand the biasing techniques
 Design and analyze small signal amplifier circuits.

UNIT - I
Diode and Applications: Diode - Static and Dynamic resistances, Equivalent circuit, Load line
analysis, Diffusion and Transition Capacitances, Diode Applications: Switch-Switching times.
Rectifier - Half Wave Rectifier, Full Wave Rectifier, Bridge Rectifier, Rectifiers with Capacitive
and Inductive Filters, Clippers-Clipping at two independent levels, Clamper-Clamping Circuit
Theorem, Clamping Operation, Types of Clampers.

UNIT - II
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Principle of Operation, Common Emitter, Common Base and
Common Collector Configurations, Transistor as a switch, switching times, Transistor
Biasing and Stabilization - Operating point, DC & AC load lines, Biasing - Fixed Bias, Self
Bias, Bias Stability, Bias Compensation using Diodes.

UNIT - III
Junction Field Effect Transistor (FET): Construction, Principle of Operation, Pinch-Off Voltage, Volt-
Ampere Characteristic, Comparison of BJT and FET, Biasing of FET, FET as Voltage Variable
Resistor. Special Purpose Devices: Zener Diode - Characteristics, Voltage Regulator. Principle
of Operation - SCR, Tunnel diode, UJT, Varactor Diode.

UNIT – IV
Analysis and Design of Small Signal Low Frequency BJT Amplifiers: Transistor Hybrid model,
Determination of h-parameters from transistor characteristics, Typical values of h-
parameters in CE, CB and CC configurations, Transistor amplifying action, Analysis of CE,
CC, CB Amplifiers and CE Amplifier with emitter resistance, low frequency response of BJT
Amplifiers, effect of coupling and bypass capacitors on CE Amplifier.

UNIT – V
FET Amplifiers: Small Signal Model, Analysis of JFET Amplifiers, Analysis of CS, CD, CG JFET
Amplifiers. MOSFET Characteristics in Enhancement and Depletion mode, Basic Concepts
of MOS Amplifiers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits- Jacob Millman, McGraw Hill Education
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits theory– Robert L. Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky, 11th
Edition, 2009, Pearson.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The Art of Electronics, Horowitz, 3rd Edition Cambridge University Press
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, David A. Bell – 5th Edition, Oxford.
3. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms –J. Millman, H. Taub and Mothiki S. Prakash
Rao, 2Ed., 2008, Mc Graw Hill.

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EC302PC: NETWORK ANALYSIS AND TRANSMISSION LINES

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

3 0 0 3
Pre-Requisites: Nil

Course Objectives:
 To understand the basic concepts on RLC circuits.
 To know the behavior of the steady states and transients states in RLC circuits.
 To understand the two port network parameters.
 To study the propagation, reflection and transmission of plane waves in
bounded and unbounded media.

Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
 Gain the knowledge on basic RLC circuits behavior.
 Analyze the Steady state and transient analysis of RLC Circuits.
 Know the characteristics of two port network parameters.
 Analyze the transmission line parameters and configurations.

UNIT - I
Network Topology, Basic cutset and tie set matrices for planar networks, Magnetic Circuits,
Self and Mutual inductances, dot convention, impedance, reactance concept, Impedance
transformation and coupled circuits, co-efficient of coupling, equivalent T for Magnetically
coupled circuits, Ideal Transformer.

UNIT - II
Transient and Steady state analysis of RC, RL and RLC Circuits, Sinusoidal, Step and Square
responses. RC Circuits as integrator and differentiators. 2nd order series and parallel RLC
Circuits, Root locus, damping factor, over damped, under damped, critically damped
cases, quality factor and bandwidth for series and parallel resonance, resonance curves.

UNIT - III
Two port network parameters, Z, Y, ABCD, h and g parameters, Characteristic impedance,
Image transfer constant, image and iterative impedance, network function, driving point
and transfer functions – using transformed (S) variables, Poles and Zeros. Standard T, , L
Sections, Characteristic impedance, image transfer constants, Design of Attenuators,
impedance matching network.

UNIT – IV
Transmission Lines - I: Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary &
Secondary Constants, Equivalent Circuit, Characteristic Impedance, Propagation
Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite Line Concepts, Lossless / Low Loss
Characterization, Types of Distortion, Condition for Distortion less line, Minimum
Attenuation, Loading - Types of Loading.

UNIT – V
Transmission Lines – II: Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient,
VSWR. λ/4, λ/2, λ/8 Lines – Impedance Transformations, Smith Chart – Configuration and
Applications, Single Stub Matching.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Network Analysis – Van Valkenburg, 3rd Ed., Pearson, 2016.
2. Networks, Lines and Fields - JD Ryder, PHI, 2nd Edition, 1999.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electric Circuits – J. Edminister and M. Nahvi – Schaum’s Outlines, Mc Graw Hills
Education, 1999.
2. Engineering Circuit Analysis – William Hayt and Jack E Kemmerly, MGH, 8th Edition,
1993.
3. Electromagnetics with Applications – JD. Kraus, 5th Ed., TMH
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4. Transmission Lines and Networks – Umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan, 2001,
(Tech. India Publications), New Delhi.

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EC303PC: DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Pre-Requisites: Nil

Course Objectives:
 To understand common forms of number representation in logic circuits
 To learn basic techniques for the design of digital circuits and fundamental
concepts used in the design of digital systems.
 To understand the concepts of combinational logic circuits and sequential circuits.
 To understand the Realization of Logic Gates Using Diodes & Transistors.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Understand the numerical information in different forms and Boolean Algebra
theorems
 Postulates of Boolean algebra and to minimize combinational functions
 Design and analyze combinational and sequential circuits
 Known about the logic families and realization of logic gates.

UNIT - I:
Number Systems: Number systems, Complements of Numbers, Codes- Weighted and Non-
weighted codes and its Properties, Parity check code and Hamming code.
Boolean Algebra: Basic Theorems and Properties, Switching Functions- Canonical and
Standard Form, Algebraic Simplification, Digital Logic Gates, EX-OR gates, Universal
Gates, Multilevel NAND/NOR realizations.

UNIT - II:
Minimization of Boolean functions: Karnaugh Map Method - Up to five Variables, Don’t Care
Map Entries, Tabular Method,
Combinational Logic Circuits: Adders, Subtractors, Comparators, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers,
Encoders, Decoders and Code converters, Hazards and Hazard Free Relations.

UNIT - III
Sequential Circuits Fundamentals: Basic Architectural Distinctions between Combinational and
Sequential circuits, SR Latch, Flip Flops: SR, JK, JK Master Slave, D and T Type Flip Flops,
Excitation Table of all Flip Flops, Timing and Triggering Consideration, Conversion from
one type of Flip-Flop to another.
Registers and Counters: Shift Registers – Left, Right and Bidirectional Shift Registers,
Applications of Shift Registers - Design and Operation of Ring and Twisted Ring Counter,
Operation of Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters.

UNIT - IV
Sequential Machines: Finite State Machines, Synthesis of Synchronous Sequential Circuits-
Serial Binary Adder, Sequence Detector, Parity-bit Generator, Synchronous Modulo N –
Counters. Finite state machine-capabilities and limitations, Mealy and Moore models.

UNIT - V
Realization of Logic Gates Using Diodes & Transistors: AND, OR and NOT Gates using Diodes
and Transistors, DCTL, RTL, DTL, TTL, CML and CMOS Logic Families and its Comparison,
Classification of Integrated circuits, comparison of various logic families, standard TTL
NAND Gate- Analysis & characteristics, TTL open collector O/Ps, Tristate TTL, MOS &
CMOS open drain and tri- state outputs, CMOS transmission gate, IC interfacing- TTL
driving CMOS & CMOS driving TTL.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Switching and Finite Automata Theory - Zvi Kohavi & Niraj K. Jha, 3rd Edition,
Cambridge, 2010.
2. Modern Digital Electronics – R. P. Jain, 3rd Edition, 2007- Tata McGraw-Hill

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Design- Morris Mano, PHI, 4th Edition,2006

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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2. Introduction to Switching Theory and Logic Design – Fredriac J. Hill, Gerald R.
Peterson, 3rd Ed, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Fundamentals of Logic Design- Charles H. Roth, Cengage Learning, 5th, Edition, 2004.
4. Switching Theory and Logic Design – A Anand Kumar, PHI, 2013

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EC304PC: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Pre-requisite: Nil

Course Objectives:
 This gives the basics of Signals and Systems required for all Electrical
Engineering related courses.
 To understand the behavior of signal in time and frequency domain
 To understand the characteristics of LTI systems
 This gives concepts of Signals and Systems and its analysis using different
transform techniques.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Differentiate various signal functions.
 Represent any arbitrary signal in time and frequency domain.
 Understand the characteristics of linear time invariant systems.
 Analyze the signals with different transform technique

UNIT - I
Signal Analysis: Analogy between Vectors and Signals, Orthogonal Signal Space, Signal
approximation using Orthogonal functions, Mean Square Error, Closed or complete set of
Orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in Complex functions, Classification of Signals and
systems, Exponential and Sinusoidal signals, Concepts of Impulse function, Unit Step
function, Signum function.

UNIT – II
Fourier series: Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, Properties
of Fourier Series, Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier Series and Exponential
Fourier Series, Complex Fourier spectrum.
Fourier Transforms: Deriving Fourier Transform from Fourier series, Fourier Transform of
arbitrary signal, Fourier Transform of standard signals, Fourier Transform of Periodic
Signals, Properties of Fourier Transform, Fourier Transforms involving Impulse function
and Signum function, Introduction to Hilbert Transform.

UNIT - III
Signal Transmission through Linear Systems: Linear System, Impulse response, Response of a
Linear System, Linear Time Invariant(LTI) System, Linear Time Variant (LTV) System,
Transfer function of a LTI System, Filter characteristic of Linear System, Distortion less
transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, System Bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF, and
BPF characteristics, Causality and Paley- Wiener criterion for physical realization,
Relationship between Bandwidth and rise time, Convolution and Correlation of Signals,
Concept of convolution in Time domain and Frequency domain, Graphical representation
of Convolution.

UNIT – IV
Laplace Transforms: Laplace Transforms (L.T), Inverse Laplace Transform, Concept of Region
of Convergence (ROC) for Laplace Transforms, Properties of L.T, Relation between L.T
and F.T of a signal, Laplace Transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
Z–Transforms: Concept of Z- Transform of a Discrete Sequence, Distinction between Laplace,
Fourier and Z Transforms, Region of Convergence in Z-Transform, Constraints on ROC for
various classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, Properties of Z-transforms.

UNIT - V
Sampling theorem: Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, Impulse Sampling,
Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, Effect of under
sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass Sampling.
Correlation: Cross Correlation and Auto Correlation of Functions, Properties of Correlation
Functions, Energy Density Spectrum, Parsevals Theorem, Power Density Spectrum,
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Relation between Autocorrelation Function and Energy/Power Spectral Density Function,
Relation between Convolution

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and Correlation, Detection of Periodic Signals in the presence of Noise by Correlation,
Extraction of Signal from Noise by Filtering.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, 2013, BSP.
2. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawabi, 2 Ed.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Signals and Systems – Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley 2 Ed.,
2. Signals and Systems – A. Rama Krishna Rao, 2008, TMH
3. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems - Michel J. Robert, 2008, MGH International
Edition.
4. Signals, Systems and Transforms - C. L. Philips, J.M.Parr and Eve A.Riskin, 3 Ed., 2004,
PE.
5. Signals and Systems – K. Deergha Rao, Birkhauser, 2018.

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EC305ES: PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

3 0 0 3
Pre-requisite: Nil

Course Objectives:
 This gives basic understanding of random signals and processes sing
 Utilization of Random signals and systems in Communications and Signal Processing
areas.
 To know the Spectral and temporal characteristics of Random Process.
 To Learn the Basic concepts of Noise sources

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Understand the concepts of Random Process and its Characteristics.
 Understand the response of linear time Invariant system for a Random Processes.
 Determine the Spectral and temporal characteristics of Random Signals.
 Understand the concepts of Noise in Communication systems.

UNIT - I
Probability & Random Variable: Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency:
Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces, Events,
Probability Definitions and Axioms, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total
Probability, Bay’s Theorem, Independent Events, Random Variable- Definition, Conditions
for a Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete, Continuous and Mixed Random
Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform,
Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Methods of defining Conditioning Event, Conditional
Distribution, Conditional Density and their Properties.

UNIT - II
Operations on Single & Multiple Random Variables – Expectations: Expected Value of a Random
Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments,
Variance and Skew, Chebychev’s Inequality, Characteristic Function, Moment Generating
Function, Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic and Non-monotonic
Transformations of Continuous Random Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random
Variable.
Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function and its Properties, Marginal Distribution
Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density – Point Conditioning, Conditional
Distribution and Density – Interval conditioning, Statistical Independence.
Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem,
(Proof not expected). Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions. Expected Value of a
Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments,
Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables
case, N Random Variable case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables,
Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.

UNIT - III
Random Processes – Temporal Characteristics: The Random Process Concept, Classification of
Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density
Functions, concept of Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary
Processes, Second- Order and Wide-Sense Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense
Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean- Ergodic Processes, Correlation-Ergodic
Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross- Correlation Function and Its
Properties, Covariance Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.
Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean and
Mean-squared Value of System Response, autocorrelation Function of Response, Cross-
Correlation Functions of Input and Output.

UNIT - IV

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Random Processes – Spectral Characteristics: The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship
between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density
Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-
Correlation Function. Spectral

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Characteristics of System Response: Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power
Density Spectrums of Input and Output.

UNIT - V
Noise Sources & Information Theory: Resistive/Thermal Noise Source, Arbitrary Noise
Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Noise equivalent bandwidth, Average Noise
Figures, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks, Narrow Band noise, Quadrature
representation of narrow band noise & its properties. Entropy, Information rate, Source
coding: Huffman coding, Shannon Fano coding, Mutual information, Channel capacity
of discrete channel, Shannon-Hartley law; Trade -off between bandwidth and SNR.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles - Peyton Z. Peebles,
TMH, 4th Edition, 2001.
2. Principles of Communication systems by Taub and Schilling (TMH),2008

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Random Processes for Engineers-Bruce Hajck, Cambridge unipress,2015
2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis
and S. Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.
3. Probability, Statistics & Random Processes-K. Murugesan, P. Guruswamy,
Anuradha Agencies, 3rd Edition, 2003.
4. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, B.S. Publications, 2003.
5. Statistical Theory of Communication – S.P Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications, 2003

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EC306PC: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 1

List of Experiments (Twelve experiments to be done):

Verifyany twelve experiments in H/W Laboratory

1. PN Junction diode characteristics A) Forward bias B) Reverse bias.
2. Zener diode characteristics and Zener as voltage Regulator
3. Full Wave Rectifier with & without filters
4. Input and output characteristics of BJT in CE Configuration
5. Input and output characteristics of FE in CS Configuration
6. Common Emitter Amplifier Characteristics
7. Common Base Amplifier Characteristics
8. Common Source amplifier Characteristics
9. Measurement of h-parameters of transistor in CB, CE, CC
configurations
10. Switching characteristics of a transistor
11. SCR Characteristics.
12. Types of Clippers at different reference voltages
13. Types of Clampers at different reference voltages
14. The steady state output waveform of clampers for a square wave
input

Major Equipment required for Laboratories:

1. Regulated Power Suppliers, 0-30V
2. 20 MHz, Dual Channel Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes.
3. Functions Generators-Sine and Square wave signals
4. Multimeters
5. Electronic Components

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EC307PC: DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN LAB

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 1

Note: Implement using digital ICs, all experiments to be carried out.

List of Experiments
1. Realization of Boolean Expressions using Gates
2. Design and realization logic gates using universal gates
3. Generation of clock using NAND / NOR gates
4. Design a 4 – bit Adder / Subtractor
5. Design and realization of a 4 – bit gray to Binary and Binary to Gray Converter
6. Design and realization of an 8 bit parallel load and serial out shift register using flip-
flops.
7. Design and realization of a Synchronous and Asynchronous counter using flip-flops
8. Design and realization of Asynchronous counters using flip-flops
9. Design and realization of 8x1 MUX using 2x1 MUX
10. Design and realization of 4 bit comparator
11. Design and Realization of a sequence detector-a finite state machine

Major Equipments required for Laboratories:

1. 5 V Fixed Regulated Power Supply/ 0-5V or more Regulated Power Supply.
2. 20 MHz Oscilloscope with Dual Channel.
3. Bread board and components/ Trainer Kit.
4. Multimeter.

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EC308ES: BASIC SIMULATION LAB

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 1

Note:
 All the experiments are to be simulated using MATLAB or equivalent software
 Minimum of 15 experiment are to be completed

List of Experiments:
1. Basic Operations on Matrices.
2. Generation of Various Signals and Sequences (Periodic and Aperiodic), such as
Unit Impulse, Unit Step, Square, Saw tooth, Triangular, Sinusoidal, Ramp, Sinc.
3. Operations on Signals and Sequences such as Addition, Multiplication, Scaling,
Shifting, Folding, Computation of Energy and Average Power.
4. Finding the Even and Odd parts of Signal/Sequence and Real and Imaginary parts of
Signal.
5. Convolution for Signals and sequences.
6. Auto Correlation and Cross Correlation for Signals and Sequences.
7. Verification of Linearity and Time Invariance Properties of a given Continuous/Discrete
System.
8. Computation of Unit sample, Unit step and Sinusoidal responses of the given LTI
system and verifying its physical realiazability and stability properties.
9. Gibbs Phenomenon Simulation.
10. Finding the Fourier Transform of a given signal and plotting its magnitude and phase
spectrum.
11. Waveform Synthesis using Laplace Transform.
12. Locating the Zeros and Poles and plotting the Pole-Zero maps in S-plane and Z-
Plane for the given transfer function.
13. Generation of Gaussian noise ( Real and Complex), Computation of its mean, M.S.
Value and its Skew, Kurtosis, and PSD, Probability Distribution Function.
14. Verification of Sampling Theorem.
15. Removal of noise by Autocorrelation / Cross correlation.
16. Extraction of Periodic Signal masked by noise using Correlation.
17. Verification of Weiner-Khinchine Relations.
18. Checking a Random Process for Stationarity in Wide sense.

Major Equipments required for Laboratories:

1. Computer System with latest specifications connected
2. Window Xp or equivalent
3. Simulation software-MAT Lab or any equivalent simulation software

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*MC309/*MC409: CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

B.Tech. II Year I Sem. L T P C

3 0 0 0

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. Parliament of India cannot
make any law which violates the Fundamental Rights enumerated under the Part III of the
Constitution. The Parliament of India has been empowered to amend the Constitution
under Article 368, however, it cannot use this power to change the “basic structure” of
the constitution, which has been ruled and explained by the Supreme Court of India in its
historical judgments. The Constitution of India reflects the idea of “Constitutionalism” – a
modern and progressive concept historically developed by the thinkers of “liberalism” –
an ideology which has been recognized as one of the most popular political ideology and
result of historical struggles against arbitrary use of sovereign power by state. The
historic revolutions in France, England, America and particularly European Renaissance
and Reformation movement have resulted into progressive legal reforms in the form of
“constitutionalism” in many countries. The Constitution of India was made by borrowing
models and principles from many countries including United Kingdom and America.

The Constitution of India is not only a legal document but it also reflects social,
political and economic perspectives of the Indian Society. It reflects India’s legacy of
“diversity”. It has been said that Indian constitution reflects ideals of its freedom
movement; however, few critics have argued that it does not truly incorporate our own
ancient legal heritage and cultural values. No law can be “static” and therefore the
Constitution of India has also been amended more than one hundred times. These
amendments reflect political, social and economic developments since the year 1950.
The Indian judiciary and particularly the Supreme Court of India has played an historic
role as the guardian of people. It has been protecting not only basic ideals of the
Constitution but also strengthened the same through progressive interpretations of the
text of the Constitution. The judicial activism of the Supreme Court of India and its
historic contributions has been recognized throughout the world and it gradually made it
“as one of the strongest court in the world”.

Course content
1. Meaning of the constitution law and constitutionalism
2. Historical perspective of the Constitution of India
3. Salient features and characteristics of the Constitution of India
4. Scheme of the fundamental rights
5. The scheme of the Fundamental Duties and its legal status
6. The Directive Principles of State Policy – Its importance and implementation
7. Federal structure and distribution of legislative and financial powers between the
Union and the States
8. Parliamentary Form of Government in India – The constitution powers and
status of the President of India
9. Amendment of the Constitutional Powers and Procedure
10. The historical perspectives of the constitutional amendments in India
11. Emergency Provisions: National Emergency, President Rule, Financial Emergency
12. Local Self Government – Constitutional Scheme in India
13. Scheme of the Fundamental Right to Equality
14. Scheme of the Fundamental Right to certain Freedom under Article 19
15. Scope of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21

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MA401BS: LAPLACE TRANSFORMS, NUMERICAL METHODS AND COMPLEX VARIABLES

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Pre-requisites: Mathematical Knowledge at pre-university level

Course Objectives: To learn

 Concept, properties of Laplace transforms
 Solving ordinary differential equations using Laplace transforms techniques.
 Various methods to the find roots of an equation.
 Concept of finite differences and to estimate the value for the given data using
interpolation.
 Evaluation of integrals using numerical techniques
 Solving ordinary differential equations using numerical techniques.
 Differentiation and integration of complex valued functions.
 Evaluation of integrals using Cauchy’s integral formula and Cauchy’s residue theorem.
 Expansion of complex functions using Taylor’s and Laurent’s series.

Course outcomes: After learning the contents of this paper the student must be able to
 Use the Laplace transforms techniques for solving ODE’s
 Find the root of a given equation.
 Estimate the value for the given data using interpolation
 Find the numerical solutions for a given ODE’s
 Analyze the complex function with reference to their analyticity, integration using
Cauchy’s integral and residue theorems.
 Taylor’s and Laurent’s series expansions of complex Function

UNIT - I
Laplace Transforms 10 L
Laplace Transforms; Laplace Transform of standard functions; first shifting theorem; Laplace
transforms of functions when they are multiplied and divided by‘t’. Laplace transforms of
derivatives and integrals of function; Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transforms;
Laplace transforms of Special functions; Laplace transform of periodic functions.
Inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem (without Proof), solving
ODEs by Laplace Transform method.

UNIT - II
Numerical Methods – I 10 L
Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Iteration Method,
Newton- Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method.
Finite differences- forward differences- backward differences-central differences-symbolic
relations and separation of symbols; Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward
difference formulae. Central difference interpolation: Gauss’s forward and backward
formulae; Lagrange’s method of interpolation

UNIT - III
Numerical Methods – II 08 L
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules.
Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series; Picard’s method; Euler and modified Euler’s
methods; Runge-Kutta method of fourth order.

UNIT - IV
Complex Variables (Differentiation) 10 L
Limit, Continuity and Differentiation of Complex functions. Cauchy-Riemann equations
(without proof), Milne- Thomson methods, analytic functions, harmonic functions, finding
harmonic conjugate; elementary analytic functions (exponential, trigonometric,
logarithm) and their properties.

UNIT - V

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Complex Variables (Integration) 10 L
Line integrals, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s Integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, Maximum-
Modulus theorem (All theorems without proof); zeros of analytic functions,
singularities, Taylor’s series,

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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
Laurent’s series; Residues, Cauchy Residue theorem (without proof).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 36th Edition, 2010.
2. S.S. Sastry, Introductory methods of numerical analysis, PHI, 4th Edition, 2005.
3. J. W. Brown and R. V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications, 7th Ed., Mc-
Graw Hill, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. M. K. Jain, SRK Iyengar, R.K. Jain, Numerical methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computations , New Age International publishers.
2. Erwin kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons,2006.

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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EC402PC: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WAVES

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

3 00 3
Pre-requisite: Applied Physics

Course Objectives:
 To learn the Basic Laws, Concepts and proofs related to Electrostatic Fields and
Magnetostatic Fields, and apply them to solve physics and engineering
problems.
 To distinguish between static and time-varying fields, and understand the
significance and utility of Maxwell’s Equations and Boundary Conditions, and gain
ability to provide solutions to communication engineering problems.
 To analyze the characteristics of Uniform Plane Waves (UPW), determine their
propagation parameters and estimate the same for dielectric and dissipative
media.
 To conceptually understand the waveguides and to determine the characteristics
of rectangular waveguides, microstrip lines .

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Get the knowledge of Basic Laws, Concepts and proofs related to Electrostatic
Fields and Magnetostatic Fields.
 Distinguish between the static and time-varying fields, establish the
corresponding sets of Maxwell’s Equations and Boundary Conditions.
 Analyze the Wave Equations for good conductors, good dielectrics and evaluate
the UPW Characteristics for several practical media of interest.
 To analyze completely the rectangular waveguides, their mode characteristics,
and design waveguides for solving practical problems.

UNIT – I
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity – Fields due to Different Charge
Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential,
Relations Between E and V, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy
Density. Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and
Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time, Poisson’s and Laplace’s
Equations, Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors.

UNIT – II
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux
Density, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector
Potentials, Forces due to Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law.

UNIT – III
Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law and Transformer EMF, Inconsistency
of Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different
Forms, Conditions at a Boundary Surface - Dielectric-Dielectric and Dielectric-Conductor
Interfaces.

UNIT – IV
EM Wave Characteristics: Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media,
Uniform Plane Waves – Definitions, Relation between E & H, Sinusoidal Variations, Wave
Propagation in Lossless and Conducting Media, Conductors & Dielectrics –
Characterization, Wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics,
Polarization.
Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique Incidences for both Perfect
Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal
Reflection, Surface Impedance, Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem.

UNIT – V
Waveguides: Electromagnetic Spectrum and Bands. Rectangular Waveguides – Solution of
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R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
Wave Equations in Rectangular Coordinates, TE/TM mode analysis, Expressions for Fields,
Characteristic Equation and Cut-off Frequencies, Dominant and Degenerate Modes,
Sketches of TE and TM mode fields in the cross-section, Phase and Group Velocities,
Wavelengths and Impedance Relations,

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Equation of Power Transmission, Impossibility of TEM Mode. Microstrip Lines – Zo Relations,
Effective Dielectric Constant.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Electromagnetics – William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, 8th Ed.,
McGrawHill,2014
2. Principles of Electromagnetics – Matthew N.O. sadiku and S.V. Kulkarni, 6th
Ed., Oxford University Press, Aisan Edition, 2015.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain,
2ndEd., 2000, PHI.
2. Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, 2nd Ed., 2005, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.

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Syllabus
EC403PC: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

B.Tech. II Year II Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4
Prerequisite: Probability theory and Stochastic Processes

Course Objectives:
 To develop ability to analyze system requirements of analog and digital
communication systems.
 To understand the generation, detection of various analog and digital modulation
techniques.
 To acquire theoretical knowledge of each block in AM, FM transmitters and receivers.
 To understand the concepts of baseband transmissions.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Analyze and design of various continuous wave and angle modulation and
demodulation techniques
 Understand the effect of noise present in continuous wave and angle modulation
techniques.
 Attain the knowledge about AM , FM Transmitters and Receivers
 Analyze and design the various Pulse Modulation Techniques.
 Understand the concepts of Digital Modulation Techniques and Baseband transmission.

UNIT - I
Amplitude Modulation: Need for modulation, Amplitude Modulation - Time and frequency
domain description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of
AM waves - Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves - Envelope detector, DSBSC
modulation - time and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves -
Balanced Modulators, Coherent detection of DSB- SC Modulated waves, COSTAS Loop,
SSB modulation - time and frequency domain description, frequency discrimination and
Phase discrimination methods for generating SSB, Demodulation of SSB Waves, principle
of Vestigial side band modulation.

UNIT - II
Angle Modulation: Basic concepts of Phase Modulation, Frequency Modulation: Single tone
frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave using Bessel functions,
Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM
Wave - Generation of FM Signal- Armstrong Method, Detection of FM Signal: Balanced
slope detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM and AM., Concept of Pre-emphasis
and de-emphasis.

UNIT - III
Transmitters: Classification of Transmitters, AM Transmitters, FM Transmitters
Receivers: Radio Receiver - Receiver Types - Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superhetrodyne
receiver, RF section and Characteristics - Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate
frequency, Image frequency, AGC, Amplitude limiting, FM Receiver, Comparison of AM
and FM Receivers.

UNIT - IV
Pulse Modulation: Types of Pulse modulation- PAM, PWM and PPM. Comparison of FDM and
TDM. Pulse Code Modulation: PCM Generation and Reconstruction, Quantization Noise,
Non-Uniform Quantization and Companding, DPCM, Adaptive DPCM, DM and Adaptive
DM, Noise in PCM and DM.

UNIT - V
Digital Modulation Techniques: ASK- Modulator, Coherent ASK Detector, FSK- Modulator, Non-
Coherent FSK Detector, BPSK- Modulator, Coherent BPSK Detection. Principles of QPSK,
Differential PSK and QAM.
Baseband Transmission and Optimal Reception of Digital Signal: A Baseband Signal Receiver,

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Probability of Error, Optimum Receiver, Coherent Reception, ISI, Eye Diagrams.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Analog and Digital Communications – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.
2. Electronics Communication Systems-Fundamentals through Advanced-Wayne
Tomasi, 5th Edition, 2009, PHI.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Communication Systems - Herbert Taub, Donald L Schilling, Goutam
Saha, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
2. Electronic Communications – Dennis Roddy and John Coolean , 4th Edition , PEA, 2004
3. Electronics & Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004
4. Analog and Digital Communication – K. Sam Shanmugam, Willey ,2005

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EC404PC: LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

3 0 0 3
Pre-requisite: Electronic Devices & Circuits

Course Objectives: The main objectives of the course are:

 To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
 To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.
 To introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special
function ICs.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 A thorough understanding of operational amplifiers with linear integrated circuits.
 Attain the knowledge of functional diagrams and applications of IC 555 and IC 565
 Acquire the knowledge about the Data converters.

UNIT - I
Integrated Circuits: Classification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic information of Op-
amp, ideal and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp characteristics, DC and AC
Characteristics, 741 op- amp and its features, modes of operation-inverting, non-
inverting, differential.

UNIT - II
Op-amp and Applications: Basic information of Op-amp, instrumentation amplifier, ac
amplifier, V to I and I to V converters, Sample & hold circuits, multipliers and dividers,
differentiators and integrators, comparators, Schmitt trigger, Multivibrators, introduction
to voltage regulators, features of 723

UNIT - III
Active Filters & Oscillators: Introduction, 1st order LPF, HPF filters, Band pass, Band reject and
all pass filters. Oscillator types and principle of operation - RC, Wien and quadrature type,
waveform generators - triangular, sawtooth, square wave and VCO.

UNIT - IV
Timers & Phase Locked Loops: Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram, monostable and
astable operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger. PLL - introduction, block schematic,
principles and description of individual blocks of 565.

UNIT - V
D-A and A-D Converters: Introduction, basic DAC techniques, weighted resistor DAC, R-2R
ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, Different types of ADCs - parallel
comparator type ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC dual slope
integration type ADC, DAC and ADC specifications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Linear Integrated Circuits, D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International(p) Ltd.
2. Op-Amps & Linear ICs, Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, PHI

REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits, R.F. Coughlin & Fredrick F. Driscoll,
PHI.
2. Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits: Theory & Applications, Denton
J. Daibey, TMH.
3. Design with Operational Amplifiers & Analog Integrated Circuits, Sergio Franco,
McGraw Hill.
4. Digital Fundamentals - Floyd and Jain, Pearson Education.

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EC405PC: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

3 0 0 3
Pre-requisite: Electronic Devices and Circuits

Course Objectives:
 Learn the concepts of high frequency analysis of transistors.
 To give understanding of various types of amplifier circuits such as small signal,
cascaded, large signal and tuned amplifiers.
 To familiarize the Concept of feedback in amplifiers so as to differentiate between
negative and positive feedback
 To construct various multivibrators using transistors and sweep circuits.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Design the multistage amplifiers and understand the concepts of High Frequency
Analysis of Transistors.
 Utilize the Concepts of negative feedback to improve the stability of amplifiers
and positive feedback to generate sustained oscillations
 Design and realize different classes of Power Amplifiers and tuned amplifiers
useable for audio and Radio applications.
 Design Multivibrators and sweep circuits for various applications.

UNIT – I
Multistage Amplifiers: Classification of Amplifiers, Distortion in amplifiers, Different coupling
schemes used in amplifiers, Frequency response and Analysis of multistage amplifiers,

Transistor at High Frequency: Hybrid -𝜋model of Common Emitter transistor model, fα, fβ
Casca RC Coupled amplifiers, Cascode amplifier, Darlington pair.

and unity gain bandwidth, Gain-bandwidth product.

UNIT II
Feedback Amplifiers: Concepts of feedback – Classification of feedback amplifiers – General
characteristics of Negative feedback amplifiers – Effect of Feedback on Amplifier
characteristics – Voltage series, Voltage shunt, Current series and Current shunt
Feedback configurations – Simple problems.

UNIT -III
Oscillators: Condition for Oscillations, RC type Oscillators-RC phase shift and Wien-bridge
Oscillators, LC type Oscillators –Generalized analysis of LC Oscillators, Hartley and
Colpitts Oscillators, Frequency and amplitude stability of Oscillators, Crystal Oscillator.

UNIT -IV
Large Signal Amplifiers: Class A Power Amplifier- Series fed and Transformer coupled,
Conversion Efficiency, Class B Power Amplifier- Push Pull and Complimentary Symmetry
configurations, Conversion Efficiency, Principle of operation of Class AB and Class –C
Amplifiers.
Tuned Amplifiers: Introduction, single Tuned Amplifiers – Q-factor, frequency response of
tuned amplifiers, Concept of stagger tuning and synchronous tuning.

UNIT –V
Multivibrators: Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and
Schmitt trigger using Transistors.
Time Base Generators: General features of a Time base Signal, Methods of Generating Time
Base Waveform, concepts of Transistor Miller and Bootstrap Time Base Generator,
Methods of Linearity improvement.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Integrated Electronics, Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias, McGraw Hill Education.
2. Electronic Devices Conventional and current version -Thomas L. Floyd 2015, Pearson.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits, David A. Bell – 5th Edition, Oxford.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits theory– Robert L. Boylestead, Louis Nashelsky, 11 th
Edition, 2009, Pearson

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5.

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EC406PC: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

Note:
 Minimum 12 experiments should be conducted:
 All these experiments are to be simulated first either using MATLAB, COMSIM or
any other simulation package and then to be realized in hardware

List of Experiments:
1. (i) Amplitude modulation and demodulation (ii) Spectrum analysis of AM
2. (i) Frequency modulation and demodulation (ii) Spectrum analysis of FM
3. DSB-SC Modulator & Detector
4. SSB-SC Modulator & Detector (Phase Shift Method)
5. Frequency Division Multiplexing & De multiplexing
6. Pulse Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation
7. Pulse Width Modulation & Demodulation
8. Pulse Position Modulation & Demodulation
9. PCM Generation and Detection
10. Delta Modulation
11. Frequency Shift Keying: Generation and Detection
12. Binary Phase Shift Keying: Generation and Detection
13. Generation and Detection (i) DPSK (ii) QPSK

Major Equipments required for Laboratories:

1. CROs: 20MHz
2. Function Generators: 2MHz
3. Spectrum Analyzer
4. Regulated Power Supplies: 0-30V
5. MAT Lab/Equivalent Simulation Package with Communication tool box
6. Analog and Digital Modulation and Demodulation Trainer Kits.

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
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EC407PC: IC APPLICATIONS LAB

B.Tech. II Year II Semester L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

Note: Verify the functionality of the IC in the given application

Design and Implementation of:

1. Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifiers using Op Amps
2. Adder and Subtractor using Op Amp.
3. Comparators using Op Amp.
4. Integrator Circuit using IC 741.
5. Differentiator Circuit using Op Amp.
6. Active filter Applications-LPF, HPF (First Order)
7. IC 741 waveform Generators-Sine, Square wave and Triangular Waves.
8. Mono-Stable Multivibrator using IC 555.
9. Astable multivibrator using IC 555.
10. Schmitt Trigger Circuits using IC 741.
11. IC 565-PLL Applications.
12. Voltage Regulator using IC 723
13. Three terminal voltage regulators-7805, 7809, 7912

Major Equipments required for Laboratories:

1. 5 V Fixed Regulated Power Supply/ 0-5V or more Regulated Power Supply.
2. 20 MHz Oscilloscope with Dual Channel.
3. Bread board and components/ Trainer Kit.
4. Multimeter.

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EC408PC: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LAB

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 1

Note:
 Experiments marked with * has to be designed, simulated and verified in hardware.
 Minimum of 9 experiments to be done in hardware.

Hardware Testing in Laboratory:

1. Common Emitter Amplifier (*)
2. Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier
3. Cascode amplifier Circuit (*)
4. Darlington Pair Circuit
5. Current Shunt Feedback amplifier Circuit
6. Voltage Series Feedback amplifier Circuit (*)
7. RC Phase shift Oscillator Circuit (*)
8. Hartley and Colpitt’s Oscillators Circuit
9. Class A power amplifier
10. Class B Complementary symmetry amplifier (*)
11. Design a Monostable Multivibrator
12. The output voltage waveform of Miller Sweep Circuit

Major Equipments required for Laboratories:

1. Computer System with latest specifications connected
2. Window XP or equivalent
3. Simulation software-Multisim or any equivalent simulation software
4. Regulated Power Suppliers, 0-30V
5. 20 MHz, Dual Channel Cathode Ray Oscilloscopes.
6. Functions Generators-Sine and Square wave signals
7. Multimeters
8. Electronic Components

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Syllabus
*MC409/*MC309: GENDER SENSITIZATION LAB
(An Activity-based Course)

B.Tech. II Year II Sem. L T P C

0 0 2 0

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course offers an introduction to Gender Studies, an interdisciplinary field that
asks critical questions about the meanings of sex and gender in society. The primary goal
of this course is to familiarize students with key issues, questions and debates in Gender
Studies, both historical and contemporary. It draws on multiple disciplines – such as
literature, history, economics, psychology, sociology, philosophy, political science,
anthropology and media studies – to examine cultural assumptions about sex, gender,
and sexuality.

This course integrates analysis of current events through student presentations,

aiming to increase awareness of contemporary and historical experiences of women, and
of the multiple ways that sex and gender interact with race, class, caste, nationality and
other social identities. This course also seeks to build an understanding and initiate and
strengthen programmes combating gender-based violence and discrimination. The
course also features several exercises and reflective activities designed to examine the
concepts of gender, gender-based violence, sexuality, and rights. It will further explore
the impact of gender-based violence on education, health and development.

Objectives of the Course:

 To develop students’ sensibility with regard to issues of gender in contemporary India.
 To provide a critical perspective on the socialization of men and women.
 To introduce students to information about some key biological aspects of genders.
 To expose the students to debates on the politics and economics of work.
 To help students reflect critically on gender violence.
 To expose students to more egalitarian interactions between men and women.

Learning Outcomes:
 Students will have developed a better understanding of important issues related to
gender in contemporary India.
 Students will be sensitized to basic dimensions of the biological, sociological,
psychological and legal aspects of gender. This will be achieved through discussion of
materials derived from research, facts, everyday life, literature and film.
 Students will attain a finer grasp of how gender discrimination works in our society
and how to counter it.
 Students will acquire insight into the gendered division of labour and its relation to
politics and economics.
 Men and women students and professionals will be better equipped to work and live
together as equals.
 Students will develop a sense of appreciation of women in all walks of life.
 Through providing accounts of studies and movements as well as the new laws that
provide protection and relief to women, the textbook will empower students to
understand and respond to gender violence.

UNIT - I: UNDERSTANDING GENDER

Introduction: Definition of Gender-Basic Gender Concepts and Terminology-Exploring Attitudes
towards Gender-Construction of Gender-Socialization: Making Women, Making Men
- Preparing for Womanhood. Growing up Male. First lessons in Caste.

UNIT – II: GENDER ROLES AND RELATIONS

Two or Many? -Struggles with Discrimination-Gender Roles and Relations-Types of Gender
Roles- Gender Roles and Relationships Matrix-Missing Women-Sex Selection and Its
Consequences- Declining Sex Ratio. Demographic Consequences-Gender Spectrum:
Beyond the Binary
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UNIT – III: GENDER AND LABOUR

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Division and Valuation of Labour-Housework: The Invisible Labor- “My Mother doesn’t
Work.” “Share the Load.”-Work: Its Politics and Economics -Fact and Fiction.
Unrecognized and Unaccounted work. - Gender Development Issues-Gender, Governance
and Sustainable Development-Gender and Human Rights-Gender and Mainstreaming

UNIT – IV: GENDER - BASED VIOLENCE

The Concept of Violence- Types of Gender-based Violence-Gender-based Violence from a
Human Rights Perspective-Sexual Harassment: Say No! -Sexual Harassment, not Eve-
teasing- Coping with Everyday Harassment- Further Reading: “Chupulu”.
Domestic Violence: Speaking OutIs Home a Safe Place? -When Women Unite [Film].
Rebuilding Lives. Thinking about Sexual Violence Blaming the Victim-“I Fought for my
Life….”

UNIT – V: GENDER AND CULTURE

Gender and Film-Gender and Electronic Media-Gender and Advertisement-Gender and
Popular Literature- Gender Development Issues-Gender Issues-Gender Sensitive
Language-Gender and Popular Literature - Just Relationships: Being Together as Equals
Mary Kom and Onler. Love and Acid just do not Mix. Love Letters. Mothers and Fathers.
Rosa Parks- The Brave Heart.

Note: Since it is Interdisciplinary Course, Resource Persons can be drawn from the fields of
English Literature or Sociology or Political Science or any other qualified faculty who has
expertise in this field from engineering departments.

 Classes will consist of a combination of activities: dialogue-based lectures,

discussions, collaborative learning activities, group work and in-class assignments.
Apart from the above prescribed book, Teachers can make use of any authentic
materials related to the topics given in the syllabus on “Gender”.

👉 ESSENTIAL READING: The Textbook, “Towards a World of Equals: A Bilingual Textbook

on Gender” written by A.Suneetha, Uma Bhrugubanda, DuggiralaVasanta, Rama
Melkote, Vasudha Nagaraj, Asma Rasheed, Gogu Shyamala, Deepa Sreenivas and
Susie Tharu published by Telugu Akademi, Telangana Government in 2015.

ASSESSMENT AND GRADING:

 Discussion & Classroom Participation: 20%
 Project/Assignment: 30%
 End Term Exam: 50%

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 R18 B.Tech. ECE JNTU HYDERABAD
Syllabus
EC501PC: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4
Prerequisite: Nil

Course Objectives:
1. To familiarize the architecture of microprocessors and micro controllers
2. To provide the knowledge about interfacing techniques of bus & memory.
3. To understand the concepts of ARM architecture
4. To study the basic concepts of Advanced ARM processors

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Understands the internal architecture, organization and assembly language
programming of 8086 processors.
2. Understands the internal architecture, organization and assembly language
programming of 8051/controllers
3. Understands the interfacing techniques to 8086 and 8051 based systems.
4. Understands the internal architecture of ARM processors and basic concepts of
advanced ARM processors.

UNIT -I:
8086 Architecture: 8086 Architecture-Functional diagram, Register Organization, Memory
Segmentation, Programming Model, Memory addresses, Physical Memory Organization,
Architecture of 8086, Signal descriptions of 8086, interrupts of 8086.
Instruction Set and Assembly Language Programming of 8086: Instruction formats,
Addressing modes, Instruction Set, Assembler Directives, Macros, and Simple Programs
involving Logical, Branch and Call Instructions, Sorting, String Manipulations.

UNIT -II:
Introduction to Microcontrollers: Overview of 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, I/O Ports,
Memory Organization, Addressing Modes and Instruction set of 8051.
8051 Real Time Control: Programming Timer Interrupts, Programming External Hardware
Interrupts, Programming the Serial Communication Interrupts, Programming 8051 Timers
and Counters

UNIT –III:
I/O And Memory Interface: LCD, Keyboard, External Memory RAM, ROM Interface, ADC,
DAC Interface to 8051.
Serial Communication and Bus Interface: Serial Communication Standards, Serial Data Transfer
Scheme, On board Communication Interfaces-I2C Bus, SPI Bus, UART; External
Communication Interfaces-RS232,USB.

UNIT –IV:
ARM Architecture: ARM Processor fundamentals, ARM Architecture – Register, CPSR, Pipeline,
exceptions and interrupts interrupt vector table, ARM instruction set – Data processing,
Branch instructions, load store instructions, Software interrupt instructions, Program
status register instructions, loading constants, Conditional execution, Introduction to
Thumb instructions.

UNIT – V:
Advanced ARM Processors: Introduction to CORTEX Processor and its architecture, OMAP
Processor and its Architecture.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals – A. K. Ray and K. M. Bhurchandani,
TMH, 2nd Edition 2006.
2. ARM System Developers guide, Andrew N SLOSS, Dominic SYMES, Chris WRIGHT,
Elsevier, 2012

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The 8051 Microcontroller, Kenneth. J. Ayala, Cengage Learning, 3rd Ed, 2004.

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2. Microprocessors and Interfacing, D. V. Hall, TMGH, 2nd Edition 2006.
3. The 8051 Microcontrollers, Architecture and Programming and Applications -K.
Uma Rao, Andhe Pallavi, Pearson, 2009.
4. Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the OMAP- L138 Experimenter,
Donald Reay, WILEY 2012.

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EC502PC: DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4
Pre-requisite: Digital Communications

Course Objectives:
1. To introduce the Fundamentals of data communication networks
2. To demonstrate the Functions of various protocols of Data link layer.
3. To demonstrate Functioning of various Routing protocols.
4. To introduce the Functions of various Transport layer protocols.
5. To understand the significance of application layer protocols

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Know the Categories and functions of various Data communication Networks
2. Design and analyze various error detection techniques.
3. Demonstrate the mechanism of routing the data in network layer
4. Know the significance of various Flow control and Congestion control Mechanisms
5. Know the Functioning of various Application layer Protocols.

UNIT - I:
Introduction to Data Communications: Components, Data Representation, Data Flow,
Networks- Distributed Processing, Network Criteria, Physical Structures, Network Models,
Categories of Networks Interconnection of Networks, The Internet - A Brief History, The
Internet Today, Protocol and Standards
- Protocols, Standards, Standards Organizations, Internet Standards. Network Models,
Layered Tasks, OSI model, Layers in OSI model, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Addressing
Introduction, Wireless Links and Network Characteristics, WiFi: 802.11 Wireless LANs -The
802.11 Architecture,

UNIT - II:
Data Link Layer: Links, Access Networks, and LANs- Introduction to the Link Layer, The
Services Provided by the Link Layer, Types of errors, Redundancy, Detection vs
Correction, Forward error correction Versus Retransmission Error-Detection and
Correction Techniques, Parity Checks, Check summing Methods, Cyclic Redundancy
Check (CRC) , Framing, Flow Control and Error Control protocols , Noisy less Channels
and Noisy Channels, HDLC, Multiple Access Protocols, Random Access ,ALOHA,
Controlled access, Channelization Protocols. 802.11 MAC Protocol, IEEE 802.11 Frame

UNIT - III:
The Network Layer: Introduction, Forwarding and Routing, Network Service Models, Virtual
Circuit and Datagram Networks-Virtual-Circuit Networks, Datagram Networks, Origins of
VC and Datagram Networks, Inside a Router-Input Processing, Switching, Output
Processing, Queuing, The Routing Control Plane, The Internet Protocol(IP):Forwarding and
Addressing in the Internet- Datagram format, Ipv4 Addressing, Internet Control Message
Protocol(ICMP), IPv6

UNIT - IV:
Transport Layer: Introduction and Transport Layer Services : Relationship Between Transport
and Network Layers, Overview of the Transport Layer in the Internet, Multiplexing and
Demultiplexing, Connectionless Transport: UDP -UDP Segment Structure, UDP Checksum,
Principles of Reliable Data Transfer-Building a Reliable Data Transfer Protocol, Pipelined
Reliable Data Transfer Protocols, Go- Back-N(GBN), Selective Repeat(SR), Connection
Oriented Transport: TCP - The TCP Connection, TCP Segment Structure, Round-Trip Time
Estimation and Timeout, Reliable Data Transfer, Flow Control, TCP Connection
Management, Principles of Congestion Control - The Cause and the Costs of Congestion,
Approaches to Congestion Control

UNIT - V:
Application Layer:
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Principles of Networking Applications – Network Application Architectures, Processes
Communicating, Transport Services Available to Applications, Transport Services
Provided by the File Transfer: FTP,- FTP Commands and Replies, Electronic Mail in the
Internet- STMP, Comparison with HTTP, DNS-The

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Internet’s Directory Service – Service Provided by DNS, Overview of How DNS Works, DNS
Records and messages.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach – Kurose James F, Keith W, 6th Edition,
Pearson.
2. Data Communications and Networking Behrouz A. Forouzan 4th Edition McGraw-Hill
Education

REFERENCES:
1. Data communication and Networks - Bhusan Trivedi, Oxford university press, 2016
2. Computer Networks -- Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Pearson Education
3. Understanding Communications and Networks, 3rd Edition, W. A. Shay, Cengage
Learning.

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EC503PC: CONTROL SYSTEMS

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4

Prerequisite: Linear Algebra and Calculus, Ordinary Differential Equations and Multivariable
Calculus Laplace Transforms, Numerical Methods and Complex variables

Course objectives:
 To understand the different ways of system representations such as Transfer
function representation and state space representations and to assess the system
dynamic response
 To assess the system performance using time domain analysis and methods for
improving it
 To assess the system performance using frequency domain analysis and
techniques for improving the performance
 To design various controllers and compensators to improve system performance

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to
 Understand the modeling of linear-time-invariant systems using transfer function
and state- space representations.
 Understand the concept of stability and its assessment for linear-time invariant
systems.
 Design simple feedback controllers.

UNT - I
Introduction to Control Problem: Industrial Control examples. Mathematical models of physical
systems. Control hardware and their models. Transfer function models of linear time-
invariant systems. Feedback Control: Open-Loop and Closed-loop systems. Benefits of
Feedback. Block diagram algebra.

UNT - II
Time Response Analysis of Standard Test Signals: Time response of first and second order
systems for standard test inputs. Application of initial and final value theorem. Design
specifications for second- order systems based on the time-response. Concept of
Stability. Routh-Hurwitz Criteria. Relative Stability analysis. Root-Locus technique.
Construction of Root-loci.

UNT - III
Frequency-Response Analysis: Relationship between time and frequency response, Polar
plots, Bode plots. Nyquist stability criterion. Relative stability using Nyquist criterion –
gain and phase margin. Closed-loop frequency response.

UNT - IV
Introduction to Controller Design: Stability, steady-state accuracy, transient accuracy,
disturbance rejection, insensitivity and robustness of control systems. Root-loci method
of feedback controller design. Design specifications in frequency-domain. Frequency-
domain methods of design. Application of Proportional, Integral and Derivative
Controllers, Lead and Lag compensation in designs. Analog and Digital implementation of
controllers.

UNT - V
State Variable Analysis and Concepts of State Variables: State space model. Diagonalization of
State Matrix. Solution of state equations. Eigen values and Stability Analysis. Concept of
controllability and observability. Pole-placement by state feedback. Discrete-time
systems. Difference Equations. State-space models of linear discrete-time systems.
Stability of linear discrete-time systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
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1. M. Gopal, “Control Systems: Principles and Design”, McGraw Hill Education, 1997.
2. B. C. Kuo, “Automatic Control System”, Prentice Hall, 1995.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. K. Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall, 1991.
2. I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering”, New Age International,
2009.

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SM504MS: BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objective: To learn the basic business types, impact of the economy on Business and
Firms specifically. To analyze the Business from the Financial Perspective.

Course Outcome: The students will understand the various Forms of Business and the impact
of economic variables on the Business. The Demand, Supply, Production, Cost, Market
Structure, Pricing aspects are learnt. The Students can study the firm’s financial position
by analysing the Financial Statements of a Company.

UNIT – I: Introduction to Business and Economics

Business: Structure of Business Firm, Theory of Firm, Types of Business Entities, Limited
Liability Companies, Sources of Capital for a Company, Non-Conventional Sources of
Finance.
Economics: Significance of Economics, Micro and Macro Economic Concepts, Concepts and
Importance of National Income, Inflation, Money Supply and Inflation, Business Cycle,
Features and Phases of Business Cycle. Nature and Scope of Business Economics, Role of
Business Economist, Multidisciplinary nature of Business Economics.

UNIT - II: Demand and Supply Analysis

Elasticity of Demand: Elasticity, Types of Elasticity, Law of Demand, Measurement and
Significance of Elasticity of Demand, Factors affecting Elasticity of Demand, Elasticity of
Demand in decision making, Demand Forecasting: Characteristics of Good Demand
Forecasting, Steps in Demand Forecasting, Methods of Demand Forecasting.
Supply Analysis: Determinants of Supply, Supply Function and Law of Supply.

UNIT- III: Production, Cost, Market Structures & Pricing

Production Analysis: Factors of Production, Production Function, Production Function with one
variable input, two variable inputs, Returns to Scale, Different Types of Production Functions.
Cost analysis: Types of Costs, Short run and Long run Cost Functions.
Market Structures: Nature of Competition, Features of Perfect competition, Monopoly,
Oligopoly, Monopolistic Competition.
Pricing: Types of Pricing, Product Life Cycle based Pricing, Break Even Analysis, Cost
Volume Profit Analysis.

UNIT - IV: Financial Accounting: Accounting concepts and Conventions, Accounting Equation,
Double-Entry system of Accounting, Rules for maintaining Books of Accounts, Journal,
Posting to Ledger, Preparation of Trial Balance, Elements of Financial Statements,
Preparation of Final Accounts.

UNIT - V: Financial Analysis through Ratios: Concept of Ratio Analysis, Importance, Liquidity
Ratios, Turnover Ratios, Profitability Ratios, Proprietary Ratios, Solvency, Leverage Ratios
– Analysis and Interpretation (simple problems).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. D. D. Chaturvedi, S. L. Gupta, Business Economics - Theory and Applications,
International Book House Pvt. Ltd. 2013.
2. Dhanesh K Khatri, Financial Accounting, Tata Mc –Graw Hill, 2011.
3. Geethika Ghosh, Piyali Gosh, Purba Roy Choudhury, Managerial Economics, 2e,
Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd. 2012.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Paresh Shah, Financial Accounting for Management 2e, Oxford Press, 2015.
2. S. N. Maheshwari, Sunil K Maheshwari, Sharad K Maheshwari, Financial
Accounting, 5e, Vikas Publications, 2013.

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EC511PE: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & OPERATING SYSTEMS

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the structure of a computer and its operations.
2. To understand the RTL and Micro-level operations and control in a computer.
3. Understanding the concepts of I/O and memory organization and operating systems.

Course Outcomes:
1. Able to visualize the organization of different blocks in a computer.
2. Able to use micro-level operations to control different units in a computer.
3. Able to use Operating systems in a computer.

UNIT - I:
Basic Structure of Computers: Computer Types, Functional Unit, Basic OPERATIONAL
Concepts, Bus Structures, Software, Performance, Multiprocessors and Multi Computers,
Data Representation, Fixed Point Representation, Floating – Point Representation.
Register Transfer Language and Micro Operations: Register Transfer Language, Register
Transfer Bus and Memory Transfers, Arithmetic Micro Operations, Logic Micro
Operations, Shift Micro Operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Instruction Codes,
Computer Registers Computer Instructions – Instruction Cycle, Memory – Reference
Instructions, Input – Output and Interrupt, STACK Organization, Instruction Formats,
Addressing Modes, DATA Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control, Reduced
Instruction Set Computer.

UNIT - II:
Micro Programmed Control: Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Microprogram Examples,
Design of Control Unit, Hard Wired Control, Microprogrammed Control
The Memory System: Basic Concepts of Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read-Only Memories,
Cache Memories Performance Considerations, Virtual Memories Secondary Storage,
Introduction to RAID.

UNIT - III:
Input-Output Organization: Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous Data
Transfer Modes, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access, Input –Output Processor (IOP),
Serial Communication; Introduction to Peripheral Components, Interconnect (PCI) Bus,
Introduction to Standard Serial Communication Protocols like RS232, USB, IEEE 1394.

UNIT - IV:
Operating Systems Overview: Overview of Computer Operating Systems Functions, Protection
and Security, Distributed Systems, Special Purpose Systems, Operating Systems
Structures-Operating System Services and Systems Calls, System Programs, Operating
Systems Generation
Memory Management: Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Structure of The
Page Table, Segmentation, Virtual Memory, Demand Paging, Page-Replacement
Algorithms, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing Case Studies - UNIX, Linux, Windows
Principles of Deadlock: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Deadlock Prevention,
Detection and Avoidance, Recovery from Deadlock.

UNIT - V:
File System Interface: The Concept of a File, Access Methods, Directory Structure, File System
Mounting, File Sharing, Protection.

File System Implementation: File System Structure, File System Implementation, Directory
Implementation, Allocation Methods, Free-Space Management.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Organization – Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, Safea Zaky, Vth
Edition, McGraw Hill.
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2. Computer Systems Architecture – M. Moris Mano, IIIrd Edition, Pearson

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3. Operating System Concepts- Abraham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne,
8th Edition, John Wiley.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings Sixth Edition, Pearson
2. Structured Computer Organization – Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition PHI
3. Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design - Sivaraama Dandamudi
Springer Int. Edition.
4. Operating Systems – Internals and Design Principles, Stallings, sixth Edition–2009,
Pearson Education.
5. Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum 2nd Edition, PHI.
6. Principles of Operating Systems, B.L. Stuart, Cengage Learning, India Edition.

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EC512PE: ERROR CORRECTING CODES

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisite: Digital Communications

Course Objectives:
1. To acquire the knowledge in measurement of information and errors.
2. To study the generation of various code methods used in communications.
3. To study the various application of codes.

Course Outcomes:
1. Able to transmit and store reliable data and detect errors in data through coding.
2. Able to understand the designing of various codes like block codes, cyclic codes,
convolution codes, turbo codes and space codes.

UNIT – I:
Coding for Reliable Digital Transmission and storage: Mathematical model of Information, A
Logarithmic Measure of Information, Average and Mutual Information and Entropy, Types
of Errors, Error Control Strategies.
Linear Block Codes: Introduction to Linear Block Codes, Syndrome and Error Detection,
Minimum Distance of a Block code, Error-Detecting and Error-correcting Capabilities of a
Block code, Standard array and Syndrome Decoding, Probability of an undetected error
for Linear Codes over a BSC, Hamming Codes. Applications of Block codes for Error
control in data storage system

UNIT - II:
Cyclic Codes: Description, Generator and Parity-check Matrices, Encoding, Syndrome
Computation and Error Detection, Decoding, Cyclic Hamming Codes, Shortened cyclic
codes, Error-trapping decoding for cyclic codes, Majority logic decoding for cyclic codes.

UNIT – III:
Convolutional Codes: Encoding of Convolutional Codes, Structural and Distance Properties,
maximum likelihood decoding, Sequential decoding, Majority- logic decoding of
Convolution codes. Application of Viterbi Decoding and Sequential Decoding, Applications
of Convolutional codes in ARQ system.

UNIT – IV:
Turbo Codes: LDPC Codes- Codes based on sparse graphs, Decoding for binary erasure
channel, Log-likelihood algebra, Brief propagation, Product codes, Iterative decoding of
product codes, Concatenated convolutional codes- Parallel concatenation, The UMTS
Turbo code, Serial concatenation, Parallel concatenation, Turbo decoding

UNIT - V:
Space-Time Codes: Introduction, Digital modulation schemes, Diversity, Orthogonal space-
Time Block codes, Alamouti’s schemes, Extension to more than Two Transmit Antennas,
Simulation Results, Spatial Multiplexing: General Concept, Iterative APP Preprocessing
and Per-layer Decoding, Linear Multilayer Detection, Original BLAST Detection, QL
Decomposition and Interface Cancellation, Performance of Multi – Layer Detection
Schemes, Unified Description by Linear Dispersion Codes.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Error Control Coding- Fundamentals and Applications –Shu Lin, Daniel J. Costello,
Jr, Prentice Hall, Inc.
2. Error Correcting Coding Theory-Man Young Rhee- 1989, McGraw-Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Error Correcting Coding Theory-Man Young Rhee-1989, McGraw – Hill Publishing, 19
2. Digital Communications-Fundamental and Application - Bernard Sklar, PE.
3. Digital Communications- John G. Proakis, 5th ed., 2008, TMH.
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4. Introduction to Error Control Codes-Salvatore Gravano-oxford

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5. Error Correction Coding – Mathematical Methods and Algorithms – Todd K. Moon,
2006, Wiley India.
6. Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography – Ranjan Bose, 2nd Edition, 2009, TMH.

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EC513PE: ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisite: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Objectives:
1. It provides an understanding of various measuring system functioning and
metrics for performance analysis.
2. Provides understanding of principle of operation, working of different electronic
instruments viz. signal generators, signal analyzers, recorders and measuring
equipment.
3. Understanding the concepts of various measuring bridges and their balancing
conditions.
4. Provides understanding of use of various measuring techniques for measurement
of different physical parameters using different classes of transducers.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Measure electrical parameters with different meters and understand the basic
definition of measuring parameters.
2. Use various types of signal generators, signal analyzers for generating and
analyzing various real-time signals.
3. Operate an Oscilloscope to measure various signals.
4. Measure various physical parameters by appropriately selecting the transducers.

UNIT - I:
Block Schematics of Measuring Systems: Performance Characteristics, Static Characteristics,
Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Types of Errors, Gaussian Error, Root Sum Squares
formula, Dynamic Characteristics, Repeatability, Reproducibility, Fidelity, Lag; Measuring
Instruments: DC Voltmeters, D’ Arsonval Movement, DC Current Meters, AC Voltmeters
and Current Meters, Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Meter Protection, Extension of Range, True
RMS Responding Voltmeters, Specifications of Instruments.

UNIT - II:
Signal Analyzers: AF, HF Wave Analyzers, Harmonic Distortion, Heterodyne wave Analyzers,
Spectrum Analyzers, Power Analyzers, Capacitance-Voltage Meters, Oscillators. Signal
Generators: AF, RF Signal Generators, Sweep Frequency Generators, Pulse and Square
wave Generators, Function Generators, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Video Signal
Generators, and Specifications

UNIT III:
Oscilloscopes: CRT, Block Schematic of CRO, Time Base Circuits, Lissajous Figures, CRO
Probes, High Frequency CRO Considerations, Delay lines, Applications: Measurement of
Time, Period and Frequency Specifications.
Special Purpose Oscilloscopes: Dual Trace, Dual Beam CROs, Sampling Oscilloscopes,
Storage Oscilloscopes, Digital Storage CROs.

UNIT IV:
Transducers: Classification, Strain Gauges, Bounded, unbounded; Force and Displacement
Transducers, Resistance Thermometers, Hotwire Anemometers, LVDT, Thermocouples,
Synchros, Special Resistance Thermometers, Digital Temperature sensing system,
Piezoelectric Transducers, Variable Capacitance Transducers, Magneto Strictive
Transducers, gyroscopes, accelerometers.

UNIT V:
Bridges: Wheat Stone Bridge, Kelvin Bridge, and Maxwell Bridge.
Measurement of Physical Parameters: Flow Measurement, Displacement Meters, Liquid level
Measurement, Measurement of Humidity and Moisture, Velocity, Force, Pressure – High
Pressure, Vacuum level, Temperature -Measurements, Data Acquisition Systems.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques: A.D.
Helbincs, W. D. Cooper: PHI 5th Edition 2003.
2. Electronic Instrumentation: H. S. Kalsi – TMH, 2nd Edition 2004.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electrical and Electronic Measurement and Measuring Instruments – A K Sawhney,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 2013.
2. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements – David A. Bell, Oxford Univ. Press,
1997.
3. Industrial Instrumentation: T.R. Padmanabham Springer 2009.
4. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation – K. Lal Kishore, Pearson Education
2010.

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EC505PC: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

Cycle 1: Using 8086 Processor Kits and/or Assembler (5 Weeks)

 Assembly Language Programs to 8086 to Perform
1. Arithmetic, Logical, String Operations on 16 Bit and 32-Bit Data.
2. Bit level Logical Operations, Rotate, Shift, Swap and Branch Operations.

Cycle 2: Using 8051 Microcontroller Kit (6 weeks)

 Introduction to IDE
1. Assembly Language Programs to Perform Arithmetic (Both Signed and
Unsigned) 16 Bit Data Operations, Logical Operations (Byte and Bit Level
Operations), Rotate, Shift, Swap and Branch Instructions
2. Time delay Generation Using Timers of 8051.
3. Serial Communication from / to 8051 to / from I/O devices.
4. Program Using Interrupts to Generate Square Wave 10 KHZ Frequency on P2.1
Using Timer 0 8051 in 8 bit Auto reload Mode and Connect a 1 HZ Pulse to
INT1 pin and Display on Port 0. Assume Crystal Frequency as 11.0592 MHZ

Cycle 3: Interfacing I/O Devices to 8051(5 Weeks)

1. 7 Segment Display to 8051.
2. Matrix Keypad to 8051.
3. Sequence Generator Using Serial Interface in 8051.
4. 8 bit ADC Interface to 8051.
5. Triangular Wave Generator through DAC interfaces to 8051.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals by A K Ray, Tata McGraw-Hill Education,
2006
2. The 8051 Microcontrollers: Architecture, Programming & Applications by Dr. K.
Uma Rao, Andhe Pallavi, Pearson, 2009.

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EC506PC: DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LAB

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

Note:
A. Minimum of 12 Experiments have to be conducted
B. All the Experiments may be Conducted using Network Simulation software like NS-
2, NSG-2.1 and Wire SHARK/equivalent software.

Note: For Experiments 2 to 10 Performance may be evaluated through simulation by using

the parameters Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Delay etc.

1. Writing a TCL Script to create two nodes and links between nodes
2. Writing a TCL Script to transmit data between nodes
3. Evaluate the performance of various LAN Topologies
4. Evaluate the performance of Drop Tail and RED queue management schemes
5. Evaluate the performance of CBQ and FQ Scheduling Mechanisms
6. Evaluate the performance of TCP and UDP Protocols
7. Evaluate the performance of TCP, New Reno and Vegas
8. Evaluate the performance of AODV and DSR routing protocols
9. Evaluate the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols
10. Evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4
11. Evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.11 and SMAC
12. Capturing and Analysis of TCP and IP Packets
13. Simulation and Analysis of ICMP and IGMP Packets
14. Analyze the Protocols SCTP, ARP, NetBIOS, IPX VINES
15. Analysis of HTTP, DNS and DHCP Protocols

Major Equipment Required:

Required software (Open Source) like NS-2, NSG-2.1 and Wire SHARK

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EN508HS: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

0 0 2 1

1. INTRODUCTION:
The introduction of the Advanced Communication Skills Lab is considered essential at 3rd
year level. At this stage, the students need to prepare themselves for their careers which
may require them to listen to, read, speak and write in English both for their professional
and interpersonal communication in the globalized context.
The proposed course should be a laboratory course to enable students to use ‘good’
English and perform the following:
 Gathering ideas and information to organize ideas relevantly and coherently.
 Engaging in debates.
 Participating in group discussions.
 Facing interviews.
 Writing project/research reports/technical reports.
 Making oral presentations.
 Writing formal letters.
 Transferring information from non-verbal to verbal texts and vice-versa.
 Taking part in social and professional communication.

2. OBJECTIVES:
This Lab focuses on using multi-media instruction for language development to meet the
following targets:
 To improve the students’ fluency in English, through a well-developed vocabulary
and enable them to listen to English spoken at normal conversational speed by
educated English speakers and respond appropriately in different socio-cultural
and professional contexts.
 Further, they would be required to communicate their ideas relevantly and coherently in
writing.
 To prepare all the students for their placements.

3. SYLLABUS:
The following course content to conduct the activities is prescribed for the Advanced
English Communication Skills (AECS) Lab:
1. Activities on Fundamentals of Inter-personal Communication and Building Vocabulary -
Starting a conversation – responding appropriately and relevantly – using the right
body language – Role Play in different situations & Discourse Skills- using visuals -
Synonyms and antonyms, word roots, one-word substitutes, prefixes and suffixes,
study of word origin, business vocabulary, analogy, idioms and phrases, collocations
& usage of vocabulary.
2. Activities on Reading Comprehension –General Vs Local comprehension, reading for
facts, guessing meanings from context, scanning, skimming, inferring meaning,
critical reading& effective googling.
3. Activities on Writing Skills – Structure and presentation of different types of writing –
letter writing/Resume writing/ e-correspondence/Technical report writing/ – planning for writing
– improving one’s writing.
4. Activities on Presentation Skills – Oral presentations (individual and group) through JAM
sessions/seminars/PPTs and written presentations through posters/projects/reports/

e- mails/assignments etc.
5. Activities on Group Discussion and Interview Skills – Dynamics of group discussion,
intervention, summarizing, modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency
and organization of ideas and rubrics for evaluation- Concept and process, pre-
interview planning, opening strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele-
conference & video-conference and Mock Interviews.

4. MINIMUM REQUIREMENT:

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The Advanced English Communication Skills (AECS) Laboratory shall have the following
infrastructural facilities to accommodate at least 35 students in the lab:
 Spacious room with appropriate acoustics.
 Round Tables with movable chairs

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 Audio-visual aids
 LCD Projector
 Public Address system
 P – IV Processor, Hard Disk – 80 GB, RAM–512 MB Minimum, Speed – 2.8 GHZ
 T. V, a digital stereo & Camcorder
 Headphones of High quality

5. SUGGESTED SOFTWARE:
The software consisting of the prescribed topics elaborated above should be procured and
used.
 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
 DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice.
 Lingua TOEFL CBT Insider, by Dream tech
 TOEFL & GRE (KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by CLIFFS)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Effective Technical Communication by M Asharaf Rizvi. McGraw Hill Education
(India) Pvt. Ltd. 2nd Edition
2. Academic Writing: A Handbook for International Students by Stephen Bailey,
Routledge, 5th Edition.

REFERENCES:
1. Learn Correct English – A Book of Grammar, Usage and Composition by Shiv K.
Kumar and Hemalatha Nagarajan. Pearson 2007
2. Professional Communication by Aruna Koneru, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd,
2016.
3. Technical Communication by Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, Oxford
University Press 2009.
4. Technical Communication by Paul V. Anderson. 2007. Cengage Learning pvt. Ltd. New
Delhi.
5. English Vocabulary in Use series, Cambridge University Press 2008.
6. Handbook for Technical Communication by David A. McMurrey & Joanne Buckley.
2012. Cengage Learning.
7. Communication Skills by Leena Sen, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.
8. Job Hunting by Colm Downes, Cambridge University Press 2008.
9. English for Technical Communication for Engineering Students, Aysha Vishwamohan,
Tata Mc Graw-Hill 2009.

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*MC510: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

B.Tech. III Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 0

UNIT – I
Introduction to Intellectual property: Introduction, types of intellectual property,
international organizations, agencies and treaties, importance of intellectual property
rights.

UNIT – II
Trade Marks: Purpose and function of trademarks, acquisition of trade mark rights,
protectable matter, selecting, and evaluating trade mark, trade mark registration
processes.

UNIT – III
Law of copy rights: Fundamental of copy right law, originality of material, rights of
reproduction, rights to perform the work publicly, copy right ownership issues, copy right
registration, notice of copy right, international copy right law.
Law of patents: Foundation of patent law, patent searching process, ownership rights and
transfer

UNIT – IV
Trade Secrets: Trade secrete law, determination of trade secrete status, liability for
misappropriations of trade secrets, protection for submission, trade secrete litigation.
Unfair competition: Misappropriation right of publicity, false advertising.

UNIT – V
New development of intellectual property: new developments in trade mark law; copy right
law, patent law, intellectual property audits.
International overview on intellectual property, international – trade mark law, copy right
law, international patent law, and international development in trade secrets law.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Intellectual property right, Deborah. E. Bouchoux, Cengage learning.
2. Intellectual property right – Unleashing the knowledge economy, prabuddha
ganguli, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing company ltd.

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EC601PC: ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4
Pre-requisite: Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines

Course Objectives: The course objectives are:

1. To understand the concept of radiation, antenna definitions and significance of
antenna parameters, to derive and analyze the radiation characteristics of thin
wire dipole antennas and solve numerical problems.
2. To analyze the characteristics and design relations of UHF, VHF and Microwave
Antennas.
3. To identify the antenna array requirements, to determine the characteristics of
ULAs and estimate the patterns of BSA, EFA, and Binomial Arrays.
4. To understand the concepts and set-up requirements for microwave
measurements, and familiarize with the procedure to enable antenna
measurements.
5. To define and distinguish between different phenomenon of wave propagation
(ground wave, space wave and sky wave), their frequency dependence, and
estimate their characteristics, identifying their profiles and parameters involved.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to explain the
mechanism of radiation, definitions of different antenna characteristic parameters and
establish their mathematical relations.
1. Characterize the antennas based on frequency, configure the geometry and
establish the radiation patterns of VHF, UHF and Microwave antennas and also
antenna arrays.
2. Specify the requirements for microwave measurements and arrange a setup to
carry out the antenna far zone pattern and gain measurements in the laboratory.
3. Classify the different wave propagation mechanisms, determine the characteristic
features of different wave propagations, and estimate the parameters involved.

UNIT - I
Antenna Basics: Basic Antenna Parameters – Patterns, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam
Efficiency, Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective Height.
Fields from Oscillating Dipole, Field Zones, Front - to-back Ratio, Antenna Theorems,
Radiation, Retarded Potentials – Helmholtz Theorem
Thin Linear Wire Antennas – Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter Wave Monopole and
Half Wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated Power, Radiation
Resistance, Beam Width, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height, Natural Current
Distributions, Far Fields and Patterns of Thin Linear Centre-fed Antennas of Different
Lengths. Loop Antennas - Small Loop, Comparison of Far Fields of Small Loop and Short
Dipole, Radiation Resistances and Directivities of Small Loops (Qualitative Treatment).

UNIT - II
Antenna Arrays: Point Sources – Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic Sources - Different
Cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays,
Endfire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their Characteristics and
Comparison, BSAs with Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions – General Considerations
and Binomial Arrays.
Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts - Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields, Coordinate
System, Sources of Errors. Patterns to be Measured, Directivity Measurement, Gain
Measurements (by Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods)

UNIT - III:
VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - I: Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi-Uda Array, Folded
Dipoles and their Characteristics, Helical Antennas – Helical Geometry, Helix Modes,
Practical Design Considerations for Monofilar Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes,
Horn Antennas – Types, Fermat’s Principle, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of
Pyramidal Horns.
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UNIT - IV
VHF, UHF and Microwave Antennas - II: Microstrip Antennas – Introduction, Features,
Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas – Geometry and Parameters,
Characteristics of Microstrip

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Antennas. Reflector Antennas – Introduction, Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors,
Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, Pattern Characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector
Types – Related Features.

UNIT - V:
Wave Propagation - Definitions, Categorizations and General Classifications, Different
Modes of Wave Propagation, Ray/Mode Concepts,
Ground Wave Propagation –Plane Earth Reflections, Space and Surface Waves, Wave Tilt,
Curved Earth Reflections.
Space Wave Propagation –Field Strength Variation with Distance and Height, Effect of
Earth’s Curvature, Absorption, Super Refraction, M-Curves and Duct Propagation,
Scattering Phenomena, Troposphere Propagation.
Sky Wave Propagation –Structure of Ionosphere, Refraction and Reflection of Sky Waves
by Ionosphere, Ray Path, Critical Frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual Height and Skip
Distance, Relation between MUF and Skip Distance, Multi-hop Propagation.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Antennas and Wave Propagation – J.D. Kraus, R.J. Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan,
TMH, New Delhi, 4th ed., (Special Indian Edition), 2010.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain,
PHI, 2nd ed., 2000.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Ed., 2005.
2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India
Publications, New Delhi, 2001.
3. Radio Engineering Handbook- Keith henney, 3rd edition TMH.
4. Antenna Engineering Handbook –John Leonidas Volakis, 3rd edition, 2007

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EC602PC: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4
Prerequisite: Signals and Systems

Course Objectives:
1. To provide background and fundamental material for the analysis and processing
of digital signals.
2. To understand the fast computation of DFT and appreciate the FFT processing.
3. To study the designs and structures of digital (IIR and FIR) filters and analyze and
synthesize for a given specifications.
4. To acquaint in Multi-rate signal processing techniques and finite word length effects.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Understand the LTI system characteristics and Multirate signal processing.
2. Understand the inter-relationship between DFT and various transforms.
3. Design a digital filter for a given specification.
4. Understand the significance of various filter structures and effects of round off errors.

UNIT - I:
Introduction: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Discrete Time Signals &
Sequences, conversion of continuous to discrete signal, Normalized Frequency, Linear
Shift Invariant Systems, Stability, and Causality, linear differential equation to difference
equation, Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations, Frequency Domain
Representation of Discrete Time Signals and Systems Multirate Digital Signal Processing:
Introduction, Down Sampling, Decimation, Up sampling, Interpolation, Sampling Rate
Conversion.

UNIT - II:
Discrete Fourier series: Fourier Series, Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform and Z-Transform
relation, DFS Representation of Periodic Sequences, Properties of Discrete Fourier Series,
Discrete Fourier Transforms: Properties of DFT, Linear Convolution of Sequences using
DFT, Computation of DFT: Over-Lap Add Method, Over-Lap Save Method, Relation
between DTFT, DFS, DFT and Z- Transform.
Fast Fourier Transforms: Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) - Radix-2 Decimation-in-Time and
Decimation-in-Frequency FFT Algorithms, Inverse FFT.

UNIT - III
IIR Digital Filters: Analog filter approximations – Butterworth and Chebyshev, Design of IIR
Digital Filters from Analog Filters, Step and Impulse Invariant Techniques, Bilinear
Transformation Method, Spectral Transformations.

UNIT - IV
FIR Digital Filters: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, Frequency Response. Design of FIR
Filters: Fourier Method, Digital Filters using Window Techniques, Frequency Sampling
Technique, Comparison of IIR & FIR filters.

UNIT - V
Realization of Digital Filters: Applications of Z – Transforms, Solution of Difference Equations of
Digital Filters, System Function, Stability Criterion, Frequency Response of Stable
Systems, Realization of Digital Filters – Direct, Canonic, Cascade and Parallel Forms.
Finite Word Length Effects: Limit cycles, Overflow Oscillations, Round-off Noise in IIR Digital
Filters, Computational Output Round Off Noise, Methods to Prevent Overflow, Trade Off
Between Round Off and Overflow Noise, Measurement of Coefficient Quantization Effects
through Pole-Zero Movement, Dead Band Effects.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A. V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI, 2009
2. Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications: John G. Proakis,
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Dimitris G. Manolakis, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing – Fundamentals and Applications – Li Tan, Elsevier, 2008
2. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB – Robert J. Schilling,
Sandra L. Harris, Thomson, 2007
3. Digital Signal Processing – S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj and C. Gnanapriya, TMH, 2009
4. Digital Signal Processing - A Practical approach, Emmanuel C. Ifeachor and Barrie
W. Jervis, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2009

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EC603PC: VLSI DESIGN

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 1 0 4
Prerequisite: Electronic Circuit Analysis; Switching Theory and Logic Design

Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are to:

1. Give exposure to different steps involved in the fabrication of ICs.
2. Explain electrical properties of MOS and BiCMOS devices to analyze the behavior
of inverters designed with various loads.
3. Give exposure to the design rules to be followed to draw the layout of any logic circuit.
4. Provide design concepts to design building blocks of data path of any system using
gates.
5. Understand basic programmable logic devices and testing of CMOS circuits.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. Acquire qualitative knowledge about the fabrication process of integrated circuits
using MOS transistors.
2. Draw the layout of any logic circuit which helps to understand and estimate
parasitic effect of any logic circuit
3. Design building blocks of data path systems, memories and simple logic circuits
using PLA, PAL, FPGA and CPLD.
4. Understand different types of faults that can occur in a system and learn the
concept of testing and adding extra hardware to improve testability of system.

UNIT – I
Introduction: Introduction to IC Technology – MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS & BiCMOS
Basic Electrical Properties: Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and BiCMOS Circuits: I ds-Vds
relationships, MOS transistor threshold Voltage, gm, gds, Figure of merit; Pass transistor,
NMOS Inverter, Various pull ups, CMOS Inverter analysis and design, Bi-CMOS Inverters.

UNIT - II
VLSI Circuit Design Processes: VLSI Design Flow, MOS Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design Rules
and Layout, Transistors Layout Diagrams for NMOS and CMOS Inverters and Gates,
Scaling of MOS circuits.

UNIT – III
Gate Level Design: Logic Gates and Other complex gates, Switch logic, Alternate gate circuits,
Time delays, Driving large capacitive loads, Wiring capacitance, Fan – in, Fan – out.

UNIT - IV
Data Path Subsystems: Subsystem Design, Shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers, Parity
generators, Comparators, Zero/One Detectors, Counters.
Array Subsystems: SRAM, DRAM, ROM, Serial Access Memories.

UNIT - V
Programmable Logic Devices: Design Approach – PLA, PAL, Standard Cells FPGAs, CPLDs.
CMOS Testing: CMOS Testing, Test Principles, Design Strategies for test, Chip level Test
Techniques.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Essentials of VLSI circuits and systems – Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles
and A. Pucknell, PHI, 2005 Edition
2. CMOS VLSI Design – A Circuits and Systems Perspective, Neil H. E Weste, David
Harris, Ayan Banerjee, 3rd Ed, Pearson, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective – Ming-BO
Lin, CRC Press, 2011
2. CMOS logic circuit Design - John. P. Uyemura, Springer, 2007.
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3. Modern VLSI Design - Wayne Wolf, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 1997.
4. VLSI Design- K. Lal Kishore, V. S. V. Prabhakar, I.K International, 2009.

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EI603PC/EC611PE: OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisites: Programming for Problem Solving.

Course Objectives:
1. Introduces Object Oriented Programming Concepts Using The Java Language
2. Introduces The Principles Of Inheritance And Polymorphism; And Demonstrates
How They Relate To The Design Of Abstract Classes.
3. Introduces The Implementation Of Packages And Interfaces.
4. Introduces Exception Handling, Event Handling and Multithreading.
5. Introduces The Design Of Graphical User Interface Using Applets And Swings.

Course Outcomes:
1. Develop Applications for Range of Problems Using Object-Oriented Programming
Techniques
2. Design Simple Graphical User Interface Applications.

UNIT - I:
Object Oriented Thinking and Java Basics: Need for OOP Paradigm, Summary of OOP
Concepts, Coping with Complexity, Abstraction Mechanisms, A Way of Viewing World –
Agents, Responsibility, Messages, Methods, History of Java, Java Buzzwords, Data Types,
Variables, Scope and Life Time of Variables, Arrays, Operators, Expressions, Control
Statements, Type Conversion and Casting, Simple Java Program, Concepts of Classes,
Objects, Constructors, Methods, Access Control, This Keyword, Garbage Collection,
Overloading Methods and Constructors, Method Binding, Inheritance, Overriding and
Exceptions, Parameter Passing, Recursion, Nested and Inner Classes, Exploring String
Class.

UNIT - II:
Inheritance, Packages and Interfaces: Hierarchical Abstractions, Base Class Object, Subclass,
Subtype, Substitutability, Forms of Inheritance- Specialization, Specification,
Construction, Extension, Limitation, Combination, Benefits of Inheritance, Costs of
Inheritance. Member Access Rules, Super Uses, Using Final with Inheritance,
Polymorphism- Method Overriding, Abstract Classes, The Object Class.
Defining, Creating and Accessing a Package, Understanding Classpath, Importing Packages,
Differences between Classes and Interfaces, Defining an Interface, Implementing
Interface, Applying Interfaces, Variables in Interface and Extending Interfaces, Exploring
Java.IO.

UNIT - III:
Exception Handling and Multithreading: Concepts of Exception Handling, Benefits of Exception
Handling, Termination or Resumptive Models, Exception Hierarchy, Usage of Try, Catch,
Throw, Throws and Finally, Built in Exceptions, Creating Own Exception Sub Classes.
String Handling, Exploring Java.Util, Differences between Multi-Threading and Multitasking,
Thread Life Cycle, Creating Threads, Thread Priorities, Synchronizing Threads, Interthread
Communication, Thread Groups, Daemon Threads.
Enumerations, Autoboxing, Annotations, Generics.

UNIT - IV:
Event Handling: Events, Event Sources, Event Classes, Event Listeners, Delegation Event
Model, Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events, Adapter Classes.
The AWT Class Hierarchy, User Interface Components- Labels, Button, Canvas, Scrollbars,
Text Components, Check Box, Check Box Groups, Choices, Lists Panels – Scrollpane,
Dialogs, Menubar, Graphics, Layout Manager – Layout Manager Types – Border, Grid,
Flow, Card and Grid Bag.

UNIT - V:
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Applets: Concepts f Applets, Differences between Applets and Applications, Life Cycle of an
Applet, Types of Applets, Creating Applets, Passing Parameters to Applets.
Swing: Introduction, Limitations of AWT, MVC Architecture, Components, Containers,
Exploring Swing- Japplet, Jframe and Jcomponent, Icons and Labels, Text Fields, Buttons –
The Jbutton Class, Check Boxes, Radio Buttons, Combo Boxes, Tabbed Panes, Scroll
Panes, Trees, and Tables.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Java the Complete Reference, 7th Edition, Herbert Schildt, TMH.
2. Understanding OOP with Java Updated Edition, T. Budd, Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. An Introduction to Programming and OO Design using Java, J. Nino and F.A.
Hosch, John Wiley & Sons.
2. An Introduction to OOP, Third Edition, T. Budd, Pearson Education.
3. Introduction to Java Programming, Y. Daniel Liang, Pearson Education.
4. An Introduction to Java Programming and Object-Oriented Application
Development, R.A. Johnson- Thomson.
5. Core Java 2, Vol 1, Fundamentals, Cay. S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell, Eighth

Edition, Pearson Education.

6. Core Java 2, Vol 2, Advanced Features, Cay. S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell,
eighth Edition, Pearson Education

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EC612PE: MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisites: Analog and Digital Communications

Course Objectives:
1. To provide the student with an understanding of the cellular concept, frequency
reuse, hand- off strategies.
2. To provide the student with an understanding of Co-channel and Non-Co-
Channel interferences.
3. To give the student an understanding of cell coverage for signal and traffic,
diversity techniques and channel assignment
4. To give the student an understanding types of handoff.
5. To understand challenges and application of Adhoc wireless Networks.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to:
1. Known the evolution of cellular and mobile communication system.
2. The student will be able to understand Co-Channel and Non-Co-Channel interferences.
3. Understand impairments due to multipath fading channel and how to overcome
the different fading effects.
4. Familiar with cell coverage for signal and traffic, diversity, techniques, frequency
management, Channel assignment and types of handoff.
5. Know the difference between cellular and Adhoc Networks and design goals of
MAC Layer protocol.

UNIT - I
Introduction to Cellular Mobile Radio Systems: Limitations of Conventional Mobile Telephone
Systems. Basic Cellular Mobile System, First, Second, Third and Fourth Generation
Cellular Wireless Systems. Uniqueness of Mobile Radio Environment-Fading-Tie
Dispersion Parameters, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time.
Fundamentals of Cellular Radio System Design: Concept of Frequency Reuse, Co-Channel
Interference, Co-Channel Interference Reduction Factor, Desired C/I from a Normal Case
in a Omni Directional Antenna System, System Capacity Improving Coverage and
Capacity in Cellular Systems- Cell Splitting, Sectoring, Microcell Zone Concept.

UNIT – II
Co-Channel Interference: Measurement of Real Time Co-Channel Interference, Design of
Antenna System, Antenna Parameters and their effects, diversity techniques-space
diversity, polarization diversity, frequency diversity, time diversity.
Non Co-Channel Interference: Adjacent Channel Interference, Near end far end interference,
cross talk, effects on coverage and interference by power decrease, antenna height
decrease, effects of cell site components.

UNIT – III
Cell Coverage for Signal and Traffic: Signal Reflections in flat and Hilly Terrain, effects of
Human Made Structures, phase difference between direct and reflected paths, constant
standard deviation, straight line path loss slope, general formula for mobile propagation
over water and flat open area, near and long-distance propagation, path loss from a point
to point prediction model in different conditions, merits of lee model.

Frequency Management and Channel Assignment: Numbering and Grouping, Setup Access
and Paging Channels, Channel Assignments to Cell Sites and Mobile Units.

UNIT - IV
Handoffs and Dropped Calls: Handoff Initiation, types of Handoff, Delaying Handoff,
advantages of Handoff, Power Difference Handoff, Forced Handoff, Mobile Assisted and
Soft Handoff, Intersystem handoff, Introduction to Dropped Call Rates and their
Evaluation.

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UNIT - V
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Introduction, Cellular and Ad Hoc wireless Networks,
Applications and Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Issues in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Ad Hoc
Wireless Internet, MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless, Introduction, issues in designing
AMAC Protocol for Ad Hoc wireless Networks, Design Goals of AMAC protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks, Classification of MAC Protocols.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications-W.C.Y. Lee, Mc Graw Hill, 2nd Edn., 1989.
2. Wireless Communications-Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson Education, 2nd Edn., 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols-C. Siva ram Murthy and
B.S. Manoj, 2004, PHI.
2. Modern Wireless Communications-Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, Pearson Education,
2005.
3. Wireless Communications and Networking, Vijay Garg, Elsevier Publications, 2007.
4. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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EC613PE: EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisite: Microprocessors and Microcontrollers; Computer Organization and Operating
Systems

Course Objectives:
1. To provide an overview of Design Principles of Embedded System.
2. To provide clear understanding about the role of firmware.
3. To understand the necessity of operating systems in correlation with hardware
systems.
4. To learn the methods of interfacing and synchronization for tasking.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
1. To understand the selection procedure of Processors in the embedded domain.
2. Design Procedure for Embedded Firmware.
3. To visualize the role of Real time Operating Systems in Embedded Systems.
4. To evaluate the Correlation between task synchronization and latency issues

UNIT - I:
Introduction to Embedded Systems: Definition of Embedded System, Embedded Systems Vs
General Computing Systems, History of Embedded Systems, Classification, Major
Application Areas, Purpose of Embedded Systems, Characteristics and Quality Attributes
of Embedded Systems.

UNIT - II:
Typical Embedded System: Core of the Embedded System: General Purpose and Domain
Specific Processors, ASICs, PLDs, Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components (COTS), Memory:
ROM, RAM, Memory according to the type of Interface, Memory Shadowing, Memory
selection for Embedded Systems, Sensors and Actuators, Communication Interface:
Onboard and External Communication Interfaces.

UNIT - III:
Embedded Firmware: Reset Circuit, Brown-out Protection Circuit, Oscillator Unit, Real Time
Clock, Watchdog Timer, Embedded Firmware Design Approaches and Development
Languages.

UNIT - IV:
RTOS Based Embedded System Design: Operating System Basics, Types of Operating
Systems, Tasks, Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling.

UNIT - V:
Task Communication: Shared Memory, Message Passing, Remote Procedure Call and Sockets,
Task Synchronization: Task Communication/Synchronization Issues, Task Synchronization
Techniques, Device Drivers, Methods to Choose an RTOS.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Introduction to Embedded Systems - Shibu K.V, Mc Graw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
2. Embedded Systems - Raj Kamal, TMH.
3. Embedded System Design - Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, John Wiley.
4. Embedded Systems – Lyla, Pearson, 2013
5. An Embedded Software Primer - David E. Simon, Pearson Education.

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EC604PC: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

0 0 1.5

The Programs shall be implemented in Software (Using MATLAB / Lab View / C Programming/
Equivalent) and Hardware (Using TI / Analog Devices / Motorola / Equivalent DSP
processors).

Note: - Minimum of 12 experiments has to be conducted.

List of Experiments:
1. Generation of Sinusoidal Waveform / Signal based on Recursive Difference Equations
2. Histogram of White Gaussian Noise and Uniformly Distributed Noise.
3. To find DFT / IDFT of given DT Signal
4. To find Frequency Response of a given System given in Transfer Function/
Differential equation form.
5. Obtain Fourier series coefficients by formula and using FET and compare for half sine
wave.
6. Implementation of FFT of given Sequence
7. Determination of Power Spectrum of a given Signal(s).
8. Implementation of LP FIR Filter for a given Sequence/Signal.
9. Implementation of HP IIR Filter for a given Sequence/Signal
10. Generation of Narrow Band Signal through Filtering
11. Generation of DTMF Signals
12. Implementation of Decimation Process
13. Implementation of Interpolation Process
14. Implementation of I/D Sampling Rate Converters
15. Impulse Response of First order and Second Order Systems.

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EC605PC: e - CAD LAB

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

0 0 3 1.5

Note: Any SIX of the following experiments from each part are to be conducted (Total 12)

Part - I
All the following experiments have to be implemented using HDL
1. Realize all the logic gates
2. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with priority) and 2-to-4 decoder
3. Design of 8-to-1 multiplexer and 1-to-8 demultiplexer
4. Design of 4 bit binary to gray code converter
5. Design of 4 bit comparator
6. Design of Full adder using 3 modeling styles
7. Design of flip flops: SR, D, JK, T
8. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters (synchronous/ asynchronous reset) or any
sequence counter
9. Finite State Machine Design

Part-II
Layout, physical verification, placement & route for complex design, static timing analysis, IR
drop analysis and crosstalk analysis for the following:
1. Basic logic gates
2. CMOS inverter
3. CMOS NOR/ NAND gates
4. CMOS XOR and MUX gates
5. Static / Dynamic logic circuit (register cell)
6. Latch
7. Pass transistor
8. Layout of any combinational circuit (complex CMOS logic gate).

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EC606PC: SCRIPTING LANGUAGES LAB

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

0 0 2 1

Prerequisites: Any High-level programming language (C, C++)

Course Objectives:
 To Understand the concepts of scripting languages for developing web-based projects
 To understand the applications the of Ruby, TCL, Perl scripting languages

Course Outcomes:
 Ability to understand the differences between Scripting languages and programming
languages
 Able to gain some fluency programming in Ruby, Perl, TCL

List of Experiments
1. Write a Ruby script to create a new string which is n copies of a given string
where n is a non- negative integer
2. Write a Ruby script which accept the radius of a circle from the user and compute
the parameter and area.
3. Write a Ruby script which accept the user's first and last name and print them in
reverse order with a space between them
4. Write a Ruby script to accept a filename from the user print the extension of that
5. Write a Ruby script to find the greatest of three numbers
6. Write a Ruby script to print odd numbers from 10 to 1
7. Write a Ruby scirpt to check two integers and return true if one of them is 20
otherwise return their sum
8. Write a Ruby script to check two temperatures and return true if one is less than 0
and the other is greater than 100
9. Write a Ruby script to print the elements of a given array
10. Write a Ruby program to retrieve the total marks where subject name and marks
of a student stored in a hash
11. Write a TCL script to find the factorial of a number
12. Write a TCL script that multiplies the numbers from 1 to 10
13. Write a TCL script for Sorting a list using a comparison function
14. Write a TCL script to (i)create a list (ii )append elements to the list
(iii)Traverse the list (iv)Concatenate the list
15. Write a TCL script to comparing the file modified times.
16. Write a TCL script to Copy a file and translate to native format.
17. a) Write a Perl script to find the largest number among three numbers.
b) Write a Perl script to print the multiplication tables from 1-10 using subroutines.
18. Write a Perl program to implement the following list of manipulating functions
a)Shift
b)Unshif
t c)Push
19. a) Write a Perl script to substitute a word, with another word in a string.
b) Write a Perl script to validate IP address and email address.
20. Write a Perl script to print the file in reverse order using command line arguments

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*MC609: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

B.Tech. III Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 0
Course Objectives:
 Understanding the importance of ecological balance for sustainable development.
 Understanding the impacts of developmental activities and mitigation measures
 Understanding the environmental policies and regulations

Course Outcomes:
Based on this course, the Engineering graduate will understand /evaluate / develop
technologies on the basis of ecological principles and environmental regulations which in
turn helps in sustainable development

UNIT - I
Ecosystems: Definition, Scope and Importance of ecosystem. Classification, structure, and
function of an ecosystem, Food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Flow of
energy, Biogeochemical cycles, Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, ecosystem value,
services and carrying capacity, Field visits.

UNIT - II
Natural Resources: Classification of Resources: Living and Non-Living resources, water
resources: use and over utilization of surface and ground water, floods and droughts,
Dams: benefits and problems. Mineral resources: use and exploitation, environmental
effects of extracting and using mineral resources, Land resources: Forest resources,
Energy resources: growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources,
use of alternate energy source, case studies.

UNIT - III
Biodiversity And Biotic Resources: Introduction, Definition, genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity. Value of biodiversity; consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,
aesthetic and optional values. India as a mega diversity nation, Hot spots of biodiversity.
Field visit. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts;
conservation of biodiversity: In-Situ and Ex-situ conservation. National Biodiversity act.

UNIT - IV
Environmental Pollution and Control Technologies: Environmental Pollution: Classification of
pollution, Air Pollution: Primary and secondary pollutants, Automobile and Industrial
pollution, Ambient air quality standards. Water pollution: Sources and types of pollution,
drinking water quality standards. Soil Pollution: Sources and types, Impacts of modern
agriculture, degradation of soil. Noise Pollution: Sources and Health hazards, standards,
Solid waste: Municipal Solid Waste management, composition and characteristics of e-
Waste and its management. Pollution control technologies: Wastewater Treatment
methods: Primary, secondary and Tertiary.
Overview of air pollution control technologies, Concepts of bioremediation. Global
Environmental Problems and Global Efforts: Climate change and impacts on human
environment. Ozone depletion and Ozone depleting substances (ODS). Deforestation and
desertification. International conventions / Protocols: Earth summit, Kyoto protocol, and
Montréal Protocol.

UNIT - V
Environmental Policy, Legislation & EIA: Environmental Protection act, Legal aspects Air Act-
1981, Water Act, Forest Act, Wild life Act, Municipal solid waste management and
handling rules, biomedical waste management and handling rules, hazardous waste
management and handling rules. EIA: EIA structure, methods of baseline data acquisition.
Overview on Impacts of air, water, biological and Socio- economical aspects. Strategies
for risk assessment, Concepts of Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Towards
Sustainable Future: Concept of Sustainable Development, Population and its explosion,
Crazy Consumerism, Environmental Education, Urban Sprawl, Human health,
Environmental Ethics, Concept of Green Building, Ecological Foot Print, Life Cycle
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assessment (LCA), Low carbon life style.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach
Bharucha for University Grants Commission.
2. Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University Press.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Environmental Science: towards a sustainable future by Richard T. Wright. 2008
PHL Learning Private Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Environmental Engineering and science by Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell P. Ela.
2008 PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Environmental Science by Daniel B. Botkin & Edward A. Keller, Wiley INDIA edition.
4. Environmental Studies by Anubha Kaushik, 4th Edition, New age international
publishers.
5. Text book of Environmental Science and Technology - Dr. M. Anji Reddy 2007, BS
Publications.

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EC701PC: MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS (PC)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Antennas and Propagation

Course Objectives:
 To get familiarized with microwave frequency bands, their applications and to
understand the limitations and losses of conventional tubes at these frequencies.
 To distinguish between different types of microwave tubes, their structures and
principles of microwave power generation.
 To impart the knowledge of Scattering Matrix, its formulation and utility, and
establish the S- Matrix for various types of microwave junctions.
 Understand the utility of Optical Fibres in Communications.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Known power generation at microwave frequencies and derive the performance
characteristics.
 realize the need for solid state microwave sources and understand the principles
of solid state devices.
 distinguish between the different types of waveguide and ferrite components, and
select proper components for engineering applications
 understand the utility of S-parameters in microwave component design and
learn the measurement procedure of various microwave parameters.
 Uunderstand the mechanism of light propagation through Optical Fibres.

UNIT - I
Microwave Tubes: Limitations and Losses of conventional Tubes at Microwave Frequencies,
Microwave Tubes – O Type and M Type Classifications, O-type Tubes: 2 Cavity Klystrons –
Structure, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation Process and Applegate Diagram,
Bunching Process and Small Signal Theory – Expressions for O/P Power and Efficiency.
Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Velocity Modulation and Applegate Diagram, Mathematical
Theory of Bunching, Power Output, Efficiency, Oscillating Modes and O/P Characteristics.
Helix TWTs: Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of TWT and
Amplification Process (qualitative treatment), Suppression of Oscillations, Gain
Considerations.

UNIT - II
M-Type Tubes:
Introduction, Cross-field Effects, Magnetrons – Different Types, Cylindrical Traveling Wave
Magnetron – Hull Cut-off and Hartree Conditions, Modes of Resonance and PI-Mode
Operation, Separation of PI- Mode, o/p characteristics,
Microwave Solid State Devices: Introduction, Classification, Applications. TEDs – Introduction,
Gunn Diodes – Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics, Modes of Operation - Gunn
Oscillation Modes, Principle of operation of IMPATT and TRAPATT Devices.

UNIT - III
Waveguide Components: Coupling Mechanisms – Probe, Loop, Aperture types. Waveguide
Discontinuities – Waveguide Windows, Tuning Screws and Posts, Matched Loads.
Waveguide Attenuators – Different Types, Resistive Card and Rotary Vane Attenuators;
Waveguide Phase Shifters – Types, Dielectric and Rotary Vane Phase Shifters, Waveguide
Multiport Junctions - E plane and H plane Tees. Ferrites– Composition and Characteristics,
Faraday Rotation, Ferrite Components – Gyrator, Isolator,

UNIT - IV
Scattering matrix: Scattering Matrix Properties, Directional Couplers – 2 Hole, Bethe Hole, [s]
matrix of Magic Tee and Circulator.

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Microwave Measurements: Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their
Features, Errors and Precautions, Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency. Standing
Wave Measurements, measurement of Low and High VSWR, Cavity Q, Impedance
Measurements.

UNIT - V
Optical Fiber Transmission Media: Optical Fiber types, Light Propagation, Optical fiber
Configurations, Optical fiber classifications, Losses in Optical Fiber cables, Light Sources,
Optical Sources, Light Detectors, LASERS, WDM Concepts, Optical Fiber System link
budget.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2003.
2. Electronic Communications Systems- Wayne Tomasi, Pearson, 5th Edition

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communication – Gerd Keiser, TMH, 4th Ed., 2008.
2. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd., 1989, 3r ed.,
2011 Reprint.
3. Microwave Engineering - G.S. Raghuvanshi, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
4. Electronic Communication System – George Kennedy, 6th Ed., McGrawHill.

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EC711PE/EI723PE: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (PE – III)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 00 3
Prerequisite: Nil

Course Objectives:
 To understand the biological neural network and to model equivalent neuron models.
 To understand the architecture, learning algorithms
 To know the issues of various feed forward and feedback neural networks.
 To explore the Neuro dynamic models for various problems.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Understand the similarity of Biological networks and Neural networks
 Perform the training of neural networks using various learning rules.
 Understanding the concepts of forward and backward propagations.
 Understand and Construct the Hopfield models.

UNIT-I:
Introduction: A Neural Network, Human Brain, Models of a Neuron, Neural Networks viewed
as Directed Graphs, Network Architectures, Knowledge Representation, Artificial
Intelligence and Neural Networks
Learning Process: Error Correction Learning, Memory Based Learning, Hebbian Learning,
Competitive, Boltzmann Learning, Credit Assignment Problem, Memory, Adaption,
Statistical Nature of the Learning Process

UNIT-II:
Single Layer Perceptrons: Adaptive Filtering Problem, Unconstrained Organization
Techniques, Linear Least Square Filters, Least Mean Square Algorithm, Learning Curves,
Learning Rate Annealing Techniques, Perceptron –Convergence Theorem, Relation
Between Perceptron and Bayes Classifier for a Gaussian Environment
Multilayer Perceptron: Back Propagation Algorithm XOR Problem, Heuristics, Output
Representation and Decision Rule, Computer Experiment, Feature Detection

UNIT-III:
Back Propagation: Back Propagation and Differentiation, Hessian Matrix, Generalization, Cross
Validation, Network Pruning Techniques, Virtues and Limitations of Back Propagation
Learning, Accelerated Convergence, Supervised Learning

UNIT - IV:
Self-Organization Maps (SOM): Two Basic Feature Mapping Models, Self-Organization Map,
SOM Algorithm, Properties of Feature Map, Computer Simulations, Learning Vector
Quantization, Adaptive Patter Classification

UNIT-V:
Neuro Dynamics: Dynamical Systems, Stability of Equilibrium States, Attractors, Neuro Dynamical
Models, Manipulation of Attractors as a Recurrent Network Paradigm
Hopfield Models – Hopfield Models, restricted boltzmen machine.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Neural Networks a Comprehensive Foundations, Simon S Haykin, PHI Ed.,.
2. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems Jacek M. Zurada, JAICO Publishing House Ed.
2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Neural Networks in Computer Inteligance, Li Min Fu TMH 2003
2. Neural Networks -James A Freeman David M S Kapura Pearson Ed., 2004.
3. Artificial Neural Networks - B. Vegnanarayana Prentice Hall of India P Ltd 2005

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EC712PE: SCRIPTING LANGUAGES (PE – III)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisites: Computer Programming and Data Structures

Course Objectives:
 Able to differentiate scripting and non- scripting languages.
 To learn Scripting languages such as PERL, TCL/TK, python and BASH.
 Expertise to program in the Linux environment.
 Usage of scripting languages in IC design flow.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Known about basics of Linux and Linux Networking
 Use Linux environment and write programs for automation
 Understand the concepts of Scripting languages
 Create and run scripts using PERL/TCl/Python.

UNIT – I: Linux Basics

Introduction to Linux, File System of the Linux, General usage of Linux kernel & basic
commands, Linux users and group, Permissions for file, directory and users, searching a
file & directory, zipping and unzipping concepts.

UNIT – II: Linux Networking

Introduction to Networking in Linux, Network basics & Tools, File Transfer Protocol in Linux,
Network file system, Domain Naming Services, Dynamic hosting configuration Protocol &
Network information Services.

UNIT – III: Perl Scripting.

Introduction to Perl Scripting, working with simple values, Lists and Hashes, Loops and
Decisions, Regular Expressions, Files and Data in Perl Scripting, References &
Subroutines, Running and Debugging Perl, Modules, Object – Oriented Perl.

UNIT – IV: Tcl / Tk Scripting

Tcl Fundamentals, String and Pattern Matching, Tcl Data Structures, Control Flow
Commands, Procedures and Scope, Evel, Working with Unix, Reflection and Debugging,
Script Libraries, Tk Fundamentals, Tk by examples, The Pack Geometry Manager, Binding
Commands to X Events, Buttons and Menus, Simple Tk Widgets, Entry and List box
Widgets Focus, Grabs and Dialogs.

UNIT – V: Python Scripting.

Introduction to Python, using the Python Interpreter, More Control Flow Tools, Data
Structures, Modules, Input and Output, Errors and Exceptions, Classes, Brief Tour of the
Standard Library.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Practical Programming in Tcl and Tk by Brent Welch, Updated for Tcl 7.4 and Tk 4.0.
2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 : System Administration Guide Copyright, Red Hat Inc, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Learning Python – Mark Lutz and David Ascher, 2nd Ed. , O’Reilly, 2003.
2. Learning Perl – 4th Ed. Randal Schwartz, Tom Phoenix and Brain d foy. 2005.
3. Python Essentials – Samuele Pedroni and Noel Pappin. O’Reilly, 2002.
4. Programming Perl – Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen and John Orwant, 3rd Edition,
O’Reilly, 2000. (ISBN 0596000278)

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EC713PE/EI812PE: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (PE – III)

B. Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisite: Digital Signal Processing
Course Objectives:
 To provide a approach towards image processing and introduction about 2D
transforms
 To expertise about enhancement methods in time and frequency domain
 To expertise about segmentation and compression techniques
 To understand the Morphological operations on an image

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Explore the fundamental relations between pixels and utility of 2-D transforms
in image processer.
 Understand the enhancement, segmentation and restoration processes on an image.
 Implement the various Morphological operations on an image
 Understand the need of compression and evaluation of basic compression algorithms.

UNIT-I:
Digital Image Fundamentals & Image Transforms: Digital Image Fundamentals, Sampling
and Quantization, Relationship between Pixels.
Image Transforms: 2-D FFT, Properties, Walsh Transform, Hadamard Transform, Discrete
Cosine Transform, Haar Transform, Slant Transform, Hotelling Transform.

UNIT-II:
Image Enhancement (Spatial Domain): Introduction, Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain,
Enhancement through Point Processing, Types of Point Processing, Histogram
Manipulation, Linear and Non – Linear Gray Level Transformation, Local or Neighborhood
criterion, Median Filter, Spatial Domain High-Pass Filtering.
Image Enhancement (Frequency Domain): Filtering in Frequency Domain, Low Pass
(Smoothing) and High Pass (Sharpening) Filters in Frequency Domain.

UNIT -III:
Image Restoration: Degradation Model, Algebraic Approach to Restoration, Inverse Filtering,
Least Mean Square Filters, Constrained Least Squares Restoration, Interactive
Restoration.

UNIT -IV:
Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities, Edge Linking And Boundary Detection,
thresholding, Region Oriented Segmentation.
Morphological Image Processing: Dilation and Erosion: Dilation, Structuring Element
Decomposition, Erosion, Combining Dilation and Erosion, Opening and Closing, Hit or Miss
Transformation.

UNIT -V:
Image Compression: Redundancies and their Removal Methods, Fidelity Criteria, Image
Compression Models, Huffman and Arithmetic Coding, Error Free Compression, Lossy
Compression, Lossy and Lossless Predictive Coding, Transform Based Compression, JPEG
2000 Standards.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing - Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, 3rd Edition, Pearson,
2008
2. Digital Image Processing- S Jayaraman, S Esakkirajan, T Veerakumar- TMH, 2010.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing and Analysis-Human and Computer Vision Application
with using CVIP Tools - Scotte Umbaugh, 2nd Ed, CRC Press, 2011
2. Digital Image Processing using MATLAB – Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E Woods and

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Steven
L. Eddings, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2010.
3. Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision – Somka, Hlavac, Boyle- Cengage
Learning (Indian edition) 2008.
4. Introductory Computer Vision Imaging Techniques and Solutions- Adrian low, 2nd
Edition, BS Publication, 2008.

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EC721PE: BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION (PE – IV)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Course Objectives
 Identify significant biological variables at cellular level and ways to acquire different bio-
signals.
 Elucidate the methods to monitor the activity of the heart,brain, eyes and muscles.
 Introduce therapeutic equipment for intensive and critical care.
 Outline medical imaging techniques and equipment for certain diagnosis and
therapies.

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course the student is able to:
 Understand biosystems and medical systems from an engineering perspective.
 Identify the techniques to acquire record and primarily understand physiological
activity of the human body through cell potential, ECG, EEG, BP and blood flow
measurement and EMG.
 Understand the working of various medical instruments and critical care equipment.
 Know the imaging techniques including CT,PET, SPECT and MRI used in diagnosis
of various medical conditions.

UNIT - I:
Bio-Potential Signals and Electrodes: Bio-signals and their characteristics, Organization of cell,
Nernst equation of membrane, Resting and Action potentials. Bio-amplifiers,
characteristics of medical instruments, problems encountered with measurements from
living systems. Bio-potential electrodes – Body surface recording electrodes, Internal
electrodes, micro electrodes. Bio-chemical transducers – reference electrode, the pH
electrodes, Blood gas electrodes.

UNIT - II:
Cardiovascular Instrumentation: Heart and cardiovascular system Heart electrical activity,
blood pressure and heart sounds. Cardiovascular measurements electro cardiography –
electrocardiogram, ECG Amplifier, Electrodes and leads, ECG recorder principles. Types of
ECG recorders. Principles of blood pressure and blood flow measurement.

UNIT - III:
Neurological Instrumentation: Neuronal communication, electro encephalogram (EEG), EEG
Measurements EEG electrode-placement system, interpretation of EEG, EEG system
Block diagram, preamplifiers and amplifiers. EMG block diagram and Stimulators

UNIT - IV:
Equipment for Critical Care: Therapeutic equipment - Pacemaker, Defibrillator, Shortwave
diathermy, Hemodialysis machine. Respiratory Instrumentation - Mechanism of
respiration, Spirometry, Pneumotachograph, Ventilators.

UNIT - V:
Principles of Medical Imaging: Radiography, computed Radiography, Computed Tomography
(CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine, Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Ultrasonography,
Introduction to Telemedicine.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hand-book of Biomedical Instrumentation – by R.S. Khandpur, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
2. Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design – by John G. Webster, John Wiley.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements – by Leslie Cromwell, F.J.
Weibell, E.A. Pfeiffer, PHI.
2. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation – by L.A. Geoddes and L.E. Baker,

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John Wiley and Sons.
3. Introduction to Biomedical equipment technology-by Joseph Carr and Brown.

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EC722PE: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (PE – IV)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 00 3

Prerequisite: Data Structures

Course Objectives:
 To understand the basic concepts and the applications of database systems.
 To master the basics of SQL and construct queries using SQL.
 Topics include data models, database design, relational model, relational algebra,
transaction control, concurrency control, storage structures and access
techniques.

Course Outcomes
 Gain knowledge of fundamentals of DBMS, database design and normal forms
 Master the basics of SQL for retrieval and management of data.
 Be acquainted with the basics of transaction processing and concurrency control.
 Familiarity with database storage structures and access techniques

UNIT - I
Database System Applications: A Historical Perspective, File Systems versus a DBMS, the Data
Model, Levels of Abstraction in a DBMS, Data Independence, Structure of a DBMS
Introduction to Database Design: Database Design and ER Diagrams, Entities, Attributes, and
Entity Sets, Relationships and Relationship Sets, Additional Features of the ER Model,
Conceptual Design With the ER Model

UNIT - II
Introduction to the Relational Model: Integrity constraint over relations, enforcing integrity
constraints, querying relational data, logical data base design, introduction to views,
destroying/altering tables and views.
Relational Algebra, Tuple relational Calculus, Domain relational calculus.

UNIT - III
SQL: Queries, Constraints, Triggers: form of basic SQL query, UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT,
Nested Queries, aggregation operators, NULL values, complex integrity constraints in
SQL, triggers and active data bases.
Schema Refinement: Problems caused by redundancy, decompositions, problems related to
decomposition, reasoning about functional dependencies, FIRST, SECOND, THIRD normal
forms, BCNF, lossless join decomposition, multi-valued dependencies, FOURTH normal
form, FIFTH normal form.

UNIT - IV
Transaction Concept, Transaction State, Implementation of Atomicity and Durability,
Concurrent Executions, Serializability, Recoverability, Implementation of Isolation,
Testing for serializability, Lock Based Protocols, Timestamp Based Protocols, Validation-
Based Protocols, Multiple Granularity, Recovery and Atomicity, Log–Based Recovery,
Recovery with Concurrent Transactions.

UNIT - V
Data on External Storage, File Organization and Indexing, Cluster Indexes, Primary and
Secondary Indexes, Index data Structures, Hash Based Indexing, Tree base Indexing,
Comparison of File Organizations, Indexes and Performance Tuning, Intuitions for tree
Indexes, Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM), B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index
Structure.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Database Management Systems, Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke, Tata Mc Graw
Hill
3rd Edition
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2. Database System Concepts, Silberschatz, Korth, Mc Graw hill, V edition.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Database Systems design, Implementation, and Management, Peter Rob & Carlos
Coronel 7th Edition.
2. Fundamentals of Database Systems, Elmasri Navrate, Pearson Education
3. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education
4. Oracle for Professionals, The X Team, S.Shah and V. Shah, SPD.
5. Database Systems Using Oracle: A Simplified guide to SQL and PL/SQL,Shah, PHI.
6. Fundamentals of Database Management Systems, M. L. Gillenson, Wiley Student Edition.

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EC723PE: NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY (PE – IV)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Objectives:
 Understand the basic concept of Cryptography and Network Security, their
mathematical models
 To understand the necessity of network security, threats/vulnerabilities to
networks and countermeasures
 To understand Authentication functions with Message Authentication Codes
and Hash Functions.
 To provide familiarity in Intrusion detection and Firewall Design Principles

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Describe network security fundamental concepts and principles
 Encrypt and decrypt messages using block ciphers and network security
technology and protocols
 Analyze key agreement algorithms to identify their weaknesses
 Identify and assess different types of threats, malware, spyware, viruses,
vulnerabilities

UNIT- I
Security Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, A Model for Internetwork security, Classical
Techniques: Conventional Encryption model, Steganography, Classical Encryption
Techniques.
Modern Techniques: Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, Data Encryption standard,
Strength of DES, Block Cipher Design Principles.

UNIT- II
Encryption: Triple DES, International Data Encryption algorithm, Blowfish, RC5,
Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric block Ciphers. Placement of Encryption function,
Traffic confidentiality, Key distribution, Random Number Generation.

UNIT – III
Public Key Cryptography: Principles, RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key
exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptograpy.
Number Theory: Prime and Relatively prime numbers, Modular arithmetic, Fermat’s and
Euler’s theorems, Testing for primality, Euclid’s Algorithm, the Chinese remainder
theorem, Discrete logarithms.

UNIT- IV
Message Authentication and Hash Functions: Authentication requirements and functions,
Message Authentication, Hash functions, Security of Hash functions and MACs.
Hash and Mac Algorithms: MD-5, Message digest Algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm.
Digital signatures and Authentication protocols: Digital signatures, Authentication Protocols,
Digital signature standards.
Authentication Applications: Kerberos, Electronic Mail Security: Pretty Good Privacy,
SIME/MIME.

UNIT – V
IP Security: Overview, Architecture, Authentication, Encapsulating Security Payload, Key
Management. Web Security: Web Security requirements, Secure sockets layer and
Transport layer security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
Intruders, Viruses and Worms: Intruders, Viruses and Related threats.
Fire Walls: Fire wall Design Principles, Trusted systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice - William Stallings,
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Pearson Education.
2. Network Security: The complete reference, Robert Bragg, Mark Rhodes, TMH,2004.

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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards) by William Stallings
Pearson Education.
2. Fundamentals of Network Security by Eric Maiwald (Dreamtech press)
3. Principles of Information Security, Whitman, Thomson.
4. Introduction to Cryptography, Buchmann, Springer.

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SM702MS: PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, LAW AND ETHICS (PC)

B.Tech. IV Year I Semester L T P C

2 0 0 2

Course Objectives:
 To make the students understand the types of roles they are expected to
play in the society as practitioners of the civil engineering profession
 To develop some ideas of the legal and practical aspects of their profession.

Course Outcome: The students will understand the importance of professional practice, Law
and Ethics in their personal lives and professional careers. The students will learn the
rights and responsibilities as an employee, team member and a global citizen

UNIT - I
Professional Practice and Ethics: Definition of Ethics, Professional Ethics - Engineering Ethics,
Personal Ethics; Code of Ethics - Profession, Professionalism, Professional Responsibility,
Conflict of Interest, Gift Vs Bribery, Environmental breaches, Negligence, Deficiencies in
state-of-the-art; Vigil Mechanism, Whistle blowing, protected disclosures. Introduction to
GST- Various Roles of Various Stake holders

UNIT - II
Law of Contract: Nature of Contract and Essential elements of valid contract, Offer and
Acceptance, Consideration, Capacity to contract and Free Consent, Legality of Object.
Unlawful and illegal agreements, Contingent Contracts, Performance and discharge of
Contracts, Remedies for breach of contract. Contracts-II: Indemnity and guarantee,
Contract of Agency, Sale of goods Act -1930: General Principles, Conditions & Warranties,
Performance of Contract of Sale.

UNIT - III
Arbitration, Conciliation and ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) system: Arbitration –
meaning, scope and types – distinction between laws of 1940 and 1996; UNCITRAL model
law – Arbitration and expert determination; Extent of judicial intervention; International
commercial arbitration; Arbitration agreements – essential and kinds, validity, reference
and interim measures by court; Arbitration tribunal – appointment, challenge, jurisdiction
of arbitral tribunal, powers, grounds of challenge, procedure and court assistance;
Distinction between conciliation, negotiation, mediation and arbitration, confidentiality,
resort to judicial proceedings, costs; Dispute Resolution Boards; Lok Adalats.

UNIT - IV
Engagement of Labour and Labour & other construction-related Laws: Role of Labour in Civil
Engineering; Methods of engaging labour- on rolls, labour sub-contract, piece rate work;
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947; Collective bargaining; Industrial Employment (Standing
Orders) Act, 1946; Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923; Building & Other - Construction
Workers (regulation of employment and conditions of service) Act (1996) and Rules
(1998); RERA Act 2017, NBC 2017.

UNIT - V
Law relating to Intellectual property: Introduction – meaning of intellectual property, main
forms of IP, Copyright, Trademarks, Patents and Designs, Secrets; Law relating to
Copyright in India including Historical evolution of Copy Rights Act, 1957, Meaning of
copyright – computer programs, Ownership of copyrights and assignment, Criteria of
infringement, Piracy in Internet – Remedies and procedures in India; Law relating to
Patents under Patents Act, 1970

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Professional Ethics: R. Subramanian, Oxford University Press, 2015.
2. Ravinder Kaur, Legal Aspects of Business, 4e, Cengage Learning, 2016.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
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1. RERA Act, 2017.
2. Wadhera (2004), Intellectual Property Rights, Universal Law Publishing Co.
3. T. Ramappa (2010), Intellectual Property Rights Law in India, Asia Law House.
4. O.P. Malhotra, Law of Industrial Disputes, N.M. Tripathi Publishers.

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EC703PC: MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB

B.Tech IV Year I Semester L T P C

0 0 2 1

Note: Any twelve of the following experiments

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics.
2. Gunn Diode Characteristics.
3. Attenuation measurement
4. Directional coupler Characteristics.
5. Scattering parameters of wave guide components
6. Frequency measurement.
7. Impedance measurement
8. VSWR measurement
9. Characterization of LED.
10. Characterization of Laser Diode.
11. Intensity modulation of Laser output through an optical fiber.
12. Measurement of Data rate for Digital Optical link.
13. Measurement of Numerical Aperture of fiber cable.
14. Measurement of losses for Optical link

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EC811PE : SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS (PE – V)

B.Tech. IV Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Analog and Digital Communications

Course Objectives :
 To acquired foundation in orbital mechanics and launch vehicles for the satellites.
 To provide basic knowledge of link design of satellite.
 To understand multiple access systems and earth station technology
 To understand the concepts of satellite navigation and GPS.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Understand basic concepts and frequency allocations for satellite
communication, orbital mechanics and launch vehicles.
 Envision the satellite sub systems and design satellite links for specified C/N.
 Understand the various multiple access techniques for satellite communication
systems and earth station technologies.
 Known the concepts of LEO, GEO Stationary Satellite Systems and satellite navigation

UNIT - I:
Introduction: Origin of Satellite Communications, Historical Back-ground, Basic Concepts of
Satellite Communications, Frequency Allocations for Satellite Services, Applications,
Future Trends of Satellite Communications.
Orbital Mechanics and Launchers: Orbital Mechanics, Look Angle determination, Orbital
Perturbations, Orbit determination, Launches and Launch vehicles, Orbital Effects in
Communication Systems Performance.

UNIT - II:
Satellite Subsystems: Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command And
Monitoring, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Satellite Antennas, Equipment
Reliability and Space Qualification.

UNIT - III:
Satellite Link Design: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio,
Design of Down Links, Up Link Design, Design Of Satellite Links For Specified C/N,
System Design Examples.
Multiple Access: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Inter modulation, Calculation of
C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frame Structure, Examples, Satellite
Switched TDMA Onboard Processing, DAMA, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA),
Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.

UNIT - IV:
Earth Station Technology: Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems,
Terrestrial Interface, Primary Power Test Methods.

UNIT - V:
Low Earth Orbit and Geo-Stationary Satellite Systems: Orbit Considerations, Coverage and
Frequency Consideration, Delay & Throughput Considerations, System Considerations,
Operational NGSO Constellation Designs.
Satellite Navigation & Global Positioning System: Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position
Location Principles, GPS Receivers and Codes, Satellite Signal Acquisition, GPS
Navigation Message, GPS Signal Levels, GPS Receiver Operation, GPS C/A Code
Accuracy, Differential GPS.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications – Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt,
WSE, Wiley Publications, 2nd Edition, 2003.

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2. Satellite Communications Engineering – Wilbur L. Pritchard, Robert A Nelson and
Henri G. Suyderhoud, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications : Design Principles – M. Richharia, BS Publications, 2nd Edition,
2003.
2. Satellite Communication - D.C Agarwal, Khanna Publications, 5th Ed.
3. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications – K.N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004
4. Satellite Communications – Dennis Roddy, McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, 2009.

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EC812PE: RADAR SYSTEMS (PE – V)

B.Tech. IV Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Analog and Digital Communications

Course Objectives:
 To explore the concepts of radar and its frequency bands.
 To understand Doppler effect and get acquainted with the working principles of
CW radar, FM- CW radar.
 To impart the knowledge of functioning of MTI and Tracking Radars.
 To explain the deigning of a Matched Filter in radar receivers.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Derive the complete radar range equation.
 Understand the need and functioning of CW, FM-CW and MTI radars
 Known various Tracking methods.
 Derive the matched filter response characteristics for radar receivers.

UNIT - I
Basics of Radar: Maximum Unambiguous Range, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar Block
Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications. Prediction of Range
Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise, Modified Radar Range
Equation.
Radar Equation: SNR, Envelope Detector – False Alarm Time and Probability, Integration of
Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets, Transmitter Power, PRF and Range
Ambiguities, System Losses (qualitative treatment).

UNIT - II
CW and Frequency Modulated Radar: Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation
between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth
Requirements, Applications of CW radar.
FM-CW Radar: Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics, FM-CW
altimeter.

UNIT - III
MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Principle, MTI Radar - Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power
Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double
Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters. MTI Radar Parameters,
Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.

UNIT - IV
Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Mono pulse Tracking
Radar – Amplitude Comparison Mono pulse (one- and two- coordinates), Phase
Comparison Mono pulse, Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns,
Comparison of Trackers.

UNIT - V
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise Matched Filter Receiver – Response Characteristics and
Derivation, Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-
matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.
Radar Receivers – Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Displays – types. Duplexers – Branch
type and Balanced type, Circulators as Duplexers. Introduction to Phased Array Antennas
– Basic Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width changes,
Applications, Advantages and Limitations.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2ndEd.,
2007.
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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications – Byron Edde, Pearson Education, 2004.

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2. Radar Principles – Peebles, Jr., P.Z., Wiley, New York, 1998.
3. Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles – Mark A. Richards, James A. Scheer,
William A. Holm, Yesdee, 2013
4. Radar Handbook - Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill Education, 2008.

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EC813PE: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (PE – V)

B.Tech. IV Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisite: Analogue and Digital Communications

Course Objectives:
 To acquire the knowledge about various architectures and applications of Sensor
Networks
 To understand issues, challenges and emerging technologies for wireless sensor
networks
 To learn about various routing protocols and MAC Protocols
 To understand various data gathering and data dissemination methods
 To Study about design principals, node architectures, hardware and software
required for implementation of wireless sensor networks.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
 Analyze and compare various architectures of Wireless Sensor Networks
 Understand Design issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks
 Analyze and compare various data gathering and data dissemination methods.
 Design, Simulate and Compare the performance of various routing and MAC protocol

UNIT - I:
Introduction to Sensor Networks, unique constraints and challenges, Advantage of Sensor
Networks, Applications of Sensor Networks, Types of wireless sensor networks

UNIT - II:
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling technologies for
Wireless Sensor Networks. Issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks

UNIT - III:
Routing protocols, MAC protocols: Classification of MAC Protocols, S-MAC Protocol, B-MAC
protocol, IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee

UNIT - IV:
Dissemination protocol for large sensor network. Data dissemination, data gathering, and data
fusion; Quality of a sensor network; Real-time traffic support and security protocols.

UNIT - V:
Design Principles for WSNs, Gateway Concepts Need for gateway, WSN to Internet
Communication, and Internet to WSN Communication.
Single-node architecture, Hardware components & design constraints,
Operating systems and execution environments, introduction to TinyOS and nesC.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks- C. Siva Ram Murthy,B. S. Manoj, Pearson
2. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.
2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.
4. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, 2003, PHI.

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EC821PE: SYSTEM ON CHIP ARCHITECTURE (PE – VI)

B.Tech. IV Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Embedded System Design

Course Objectives:
 To introduce the architectural features of system on chip.
 To imbibe the knowledge of customization using case studies.

Course Outcomes:
 Expected to understand SOC Architectural features.
 To acquire the knowledge on processor selection criteria and limitations
 To acquires the knowledge of memory architectures on SOC.
 To understands the interconnection strategies and their customization on SOC.

UNIT – I:
Introduction to the System Approach: System Architecture, Components of the system,
Hardware & Software, Processor Architectures, Memory and Addressing. System level
interconnection, An approach for SOC Design, System Architecture and Complexity.

UNIT – II:
Processors: Introduction, Processor Selection for SOC, Basic concepts in Processor
Architecture, Basic concepts in Processor Micro Architecture, Basic elements in
Instruction handling. Buffers: minimizing Pipeline Delays, Branches, More Robust
Processors, Vector Processors and Vector Instructions extensions, VLIW Processors,
Superscalar Processors.

UNIT – III:
Memory Design for SOC: Overview of SOC external memory, Internal Memory, Size,
Scratchpads and Cache memory, Cache Organization, Cache data, Write Policies,
Strategies for line replacement at miss time, Types of Cache, Split – I , and D – Caches ,
Multilevel Caches, Virtual to real translation
, SOC Memory System , Models of Simple Processor – memory interaction.

UNIT - IV:
Interconnect Customization: Inter Connect Architectures, Bus: Basic Architectures, SOC
Standard Buses, Analytic Bus Models, Using the Bus model, Effects of Bus transactions
and contention time. SOC Customization:

UNIT – V:
Configuration: An overview, Customizing Instruction Processor, Reconfiguration Technologies,
Mapping design onto Reconfigurable devices, Instance- Specific design, Customizable
Soft Processor, Reconfiguration - overhead analysis and trade-off analysis on
reconfigurable Parallelism.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer System Design System-on-Chip by Michael J. Flynn and Wayne Luk,
Wiely India Pvt. Ltd.
2. ARM System on Chip Architecture – Steve Furber –2nd Eed., 2000, Addison Wesley
Professional.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Design of System on a Chip: Devices and Components – Ricardo Reis, 1st Ed., 2004,
Springer
2. Co-Verification of Hardware and Software for ARM System on Chip Design
(Embedded Technology) – Jason Andrews – Newnes, BK and CDROM
3. System on Chip Verification – Methodologies and Techniques –Prakash
Rashinkar, Peter Paterson and Leena Singh L, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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EC822PE: TEST AND TESTABILITY (PE – VI)

B.Tech. IV Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3

Prerequisite: Switching Theory and Logic Design, Digital System Design with PLDS

Course Objectives:
 To provide or broad understanding of fault diagnosis.
 To illustrate the framework of test pattern generation.
 To understand design for testability in Digital Design

Course Outcomes: On completion of this course the student will be able to:
 To acquire the knowledge of fundamental concepts in fault and fault diagnosis
 Test pattern generation using LFSR and CA
 Design for testability rules and techniques for combinational circuits
 Introducing scan architectures

UNIT - I
Need for testing, the problems in digital Design testing, the problems in Analog Design
testing, the problems in mixed analog/digital design testing, design for test, printed-
circuit board (PCB) testing, software testing,
Fault in Digital Circuits:
General Introduction, Controllability and Observability, Fault Models, stuck at faults, bridging
faults, CMOS technology considerations, intermittent faults.

UNIT - II
General Introduction, to test pattern genration, Test Pattern generation for combinational
logic circuits, Manual test pattern generation, automatic test pattern generation, boolen
difference method, Roth’s D- algoritham, Developments following Roth’s D-algoritham,
Pseudorandom test pattern generation.

UNIT - III
Pseudorandorn test pattern generators, Design of test pattern generator usingLinear
feedback shift registers (LFSRs) and cellular automata(CAs).

UNIT - IV
Design for Testability for combinational circuits: Basic Concepts of testability, controllability
and observability, the Reed Muller’s expansion techniques, use of control logic and
syndrome testable designs.

UNIT - V
Making sequential circuits testable, testability insertion, full scan DFT technique-Full scan
insertion, flip- flop structures, Full scan design and test, scan architectures-full scan
design, shadow register DFT, partial scan methods, multiple scan design, other scan
designs.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Fault Tolerant and Fault Testable Hardware Design-Parag K. Lala, 1984, PHI.
2. VLSI Testing digital and Mixed analogue/digital techniques-Stanley L.
Hurst, IEE Circuits, Devices and Systems series 9, 1998.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design-Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and
Arthur
D. Friedman, Jaico Books
2. Esstentials of Electronic Testing-Bushnell and Vishwani D.Agarwal, Springers.
3. Design for test for Digital IC’s and Embedded Core Systems-Alfred L. Crouch,
2008, Pearson Education.

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EC823PE: LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN (PE – VI)

B.Tech. IV Year II Semester L T P C

3 0 0 3
Prerequisite: VLSI Design
Course Objectives:
 Known the low power low voltage VLSI design
 Understand the impact of power on system performances.
 Known about different Design approaches.
 Identify suitable techniques to reduce power dissipation in combinational and
sequential circuits.

Course Outcomes: Upon completing this course, the student will be able to
 Understand the need of Low power circuit design.
 Attain the knowledge of architectural approaches.
 Analyze and design Low-Voltage Low-Power combinational circuits.
 Known the design of Low-Voltage Low-Power Memories

UNIT - I:
Fundamentals: Need for Low Power Circuit Design, Sources of Power Dissipation – Switching
Power Dissipation, Short Circuit Power Dissipation, Leakage Power Dissipation, Glitching
Power Dissipation, Short Channel Effects –Drain Induced Barrier Lowering and Punch
Through, Surface Scattering, Velocity Saturation, Impact Ionization, Hot Electron Effect.

UNIT - II:
Low-Power Design Approaches: Low-Power Design through Voltage Scaling – VTCMOS circuits,
MTCMOS circuits, Architectural Level Approach –Pipelining and Parallel Processing
Approaches.
Switched Capacitance Minimization Approaches: System Level Measures, Circuit Level
Measures, and Mask level Measures.

UNIT - III:
Low-Voltage Low-Power Adders: Introduction, Standard Adder Cells, CMOS Adder’s
Architectures – Ripple Carry Adders, Carry Look- Ahead Adders, Carry Select Adders,
Carry Save Adders, Low- Voltage Low-Power Design Techniques –Trends of Technology
and Power Supply Voltage, Low- Voltage Low-Power Logic Styles.

UNIT - IV:
Low-Voltage Low-Power Multipliers: Introduction, Overview of Multiplication, Types of
Multiplier Architectures, Braun Multiplier, Baugh- Wooley Multiplier, Booth Multiplier,
Introduction to Wallace Tree Multiplier.

UNIT - V:
Low-Voltage Low-Power Memories: Basics of ROM, Low-Power ROM Technology, Future Trend
and Development of ROMs, Basics of SRAM, Memory Cell, Precharge and Equalization
Circuit, Low-Power SRAM Technologies, Basics of DRAM, Self-Refresh Circuit, Future
Trend and Development of DRAM.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits – Analysis and Design – Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf
Leblebici, TMH, 2011.
2. Low-Voltage, Low-Power VLSI Subsystems – Kiat-Seng Yeo, Kaushik Roy, TMH
Professional Engineering.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective – Ming-BO
Lin, CRC Press, 2011
2. Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design – Kaushik Roy, Sharat C. Prasad, John Wiley
& Sons, 2000.
3. Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design – Gary K. Yeap, Kluwer Academic Press, 2002.
4. Leakage in Nanometer CMOS Technologies – Siva G. Narendran, Anatha
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Chandrakasan, Springer, 2005.

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