PYTHON PROGRAMING

Python Programing
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Python Programing
 • Python is an interpreted high Level
Programing Language

• Python Was Created By Guido van

What is Python?
Rossum and its first release was in
1991

• You can develop desktop GUI

Applications, Websites and Web
Applications using Python which makes
it a General Purpose Language.

• Python is Worlds Fastest growing

language because of easiness and
readability

Python Programing
 • Python is more productive than other

Why Python?
programing languages

• Companies can optimize their most

expensive resource: employees

• Rich set of libraries and frameworks

• Large community

Python Programing
 Scope of Python

Information
AI Big Data
Securities

Python Programing
PYTHON SETUP

Python Programing
 Software
Download Python
https://www.python.org/downloads/

Requirements Download Notepad++

https://notepad-plus-plus.org/download/v7.6.6.html

Python Programing
Getting Started With Python

Python Programing
Simple Basics
Operations

Python Programing
Simple Basics
Operations

Python Programing
Simple Basics
Operations

Python Programing
 Variable Name
(Glass)

Variables Value
(Water)

Python Programing
Variables

Python Programing
Variables

Python Programing
 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

HARMINDER
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Variables

Python Programing
LISTS

Python Programing
 Defining Lists

nums = [23,34,46,67,89]
LISTS

List Name Elements

Python Programing
 Accessing Elements
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
nums = [23,34,46,67,89]

LISTS
0 1 2 3 4

>>nums[1]
34
>>nums[4]
89
>>nums[2:]
[46,67,89]
>>nums[-2]
67

Python Programing
 Accessing Elements

names = [‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’]

LISTS >>names
[‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’]
>>names[3]
Shubham
>>names[2:]
[‘Anup’,’Shubham’]
>>names[-2]
Anup

Python Programing
 Lists can have heterogeneous values

LISTS values = [8.2,’Surender’,34]

Python Programing
 Multi Dimensional Lists
names = [‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’]
value = [1,2,3,4]
mi = [names,value]

LISTS >>mi
[[‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’] , [1,2,3,4]]
>>mi[0][3]
Shubham
>>mi[1]
[1,2,3,4]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Appending a Element)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>nums.append(34)
>>nums
[1,2,3,4,5,34]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Inserting a Element)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>nums.insert(3,45)
>>nums
[1,2,3,45,4,5]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Removing a Element)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>nums.remove(5)
>>nums
[1,2,3,4]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Removing a Element using index)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>nums.pop(2)
>>nums
[1,2,4,5]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Removing a Element from Last)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>nums.pop()
5
>>nums
[1,2,3,4]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Removing multiple Elements)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>del nums[0:2]
>>nums
[3,4,5]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Adding multiple Elements)

LISTS
>> nums = [1,2,3]
>>nums.extend([4,5,6])
>>nums
[1,2,3,4,5,6]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Searching Min Value in a List)

LISTS
>> nums = [23,19,85,13]
>>min(nums)
13

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Searching Max Value in a List)

LISTS
>> nums = [23,19,85,13]
>>max(nums)
85

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Calculate Sum of a List)

LISTS
>> nums = [23,19,85,13]
>>sum(nums)
140

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Sorting a List)

LISTS
>> nums = [23,19,85,13]
>>nums.sort()
>>nums
[13,19,23,85]

Python Programing
 Lists are Mutable
(Sorting a List Descending)

LISTS
>> nums = [23,19,85,13]
>>nums.sort(reverse=true)
>>nums
[85,23,19,13]

Python Programing
TUPLE

Python Programing
 Defining a Tuple

nums = (23,34,46,67,89)
TUPLE

Tuple Name Elements

Python Programing
 Accessing Elements
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
nums = (23,34,46,67,89)

TUPLE
0 1 2 3 4

>>nums[1]
34
>>nums[4]
89
>>nums[2:]
[46,67,89]
>>nums[-2]
67

Python Programing
 Accessing Elements

names = (‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’)

TUPLE >>names
(‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’)
>>names[3]
Shubham
>>names[2:]
(‘Anup’,’Shubham’)
>>names[-2]
Anup

Python Programing
 Tuple can have heterogeneous values

TUPLE values = (8.2,’Surender’,34)

Python Programing
 Multi Dimensional TUPLE
names = (‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’)
value = (1,2,3,4)
mi = (names,value)

TUPLE >>mi
((‘Vipul’,’Surender’,’Anup’,’Shubham’) , (1,2,3,4))
>>mi[0][3]
Shubham
>>mi[1]
(1,2,3,4)

Python Programing
 Tuples are Immutable

TUPLE
>> tup = (1,2,3,4,5)
>>tup[1] = 36

Python Programing
SETS

Python Programing
 Defining a SET

nums = {23,34,46,67,89}
SETS

Set Name Elements

Python Programing
 SETS can have heterogeneous values

SETS values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}

Python Programing
 Check if element exists in SET

SETS
values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}
print(“surender” in values)

Python Programing
 Adding Element to SETS

SETS
values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}
Values.add(“hello”)

Python Programing
 Adding Multiple Element to SETS

SETS
values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}
values.update([3,4,5])

Python Programing
 Removing Element From SETS
(Gives an Error when Item is not in Set)

SETS values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}

values.remove(‘Surender’)

Python Programing
 Removing Element From SETS
(No Error when Item is not in Set)

SETS values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}

values.discard(‘Surender’)

Python Programing
 Removing Random Element From SETS

SETS values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}

values.pop()

Python Programing
 Clearing SET

SETS values = {8.2,’Surender’,34}

values.clear()

Python Programing
SETTING PATH FOR WINDOWS

Python Programing
 Checking If already Set

Setting Path for

Windows

Python Programing
 Copy Following Paths

Setting Path for C:\Users\Your_Username\AppData\Lo

cal\Programs\Python\Python37-32
Windows C:\Users\ Your_Username
\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Pyt
hon37-32\Scripts

Python Programing
 Go to Following Path

Setting Path for

Windows

Python Programing
 Go to Following Path

Setting Path for

Windows

Python Programing
 Go to Following Path

Setting Path for

Windows

Python Programing
 Go to Following Path

Setting Path for

Windows

Python Programing
 Go to Following Path

Setting Path for

Windows
1. Copy both the paths after this semicolon
2. Separate both paths with semicolon

Python Programing
 Verification

Setting Path for

Windows

Python Programing
Variable Memory Concept

Python Programing
 Variable Storage

num=5

Variable
(Memory Concept) 5 num

<Memory Address>

Python Programing
 Getting Address

>>num=5

Variable
>>Id(num)
1936155808
(Memory Concept)
5 num

<1936155808>

Python Programing
 Variables with Same value has same
memory Address

Variable
>>a=5
>>b=5
>>id(a)
1936155808
(Memory Concept) >>id(b)
1936155808

b 5 a

<1936155808>

Python Programing
 Variables with Same value has same
memory Address

Variable
>>a=5
>>b=5
>>id(a)
1936155808
(Memory Concept) >>id(b)
1936155808

b 5 a

<1936155808>

Python Programing
 Concept of Garbage Value

Variable
>>a=5 5
>>b=5
>>k=a <1936155808>

(Memory Concept) >>a=10

>>b=8 k 10 a
>>k=10
<1936155888>

8 b

<1936155856>

Python Programing
 Type of a Variable

>>a=5
Variable >>type(a)
<class ‘int’>
(Memory Concept) >>b=4.6
<class
‘float’>

Python Programing
Data Types

Python Programing
 None

Data Types
Numeric

Sequence

Dictionary

Python Programing
 Int

Data Types Bool Numeric Float

Complex

Python Programing
 Numeric Examples
INT FLOAT

>>num=5 >>num=5.7

Data Types
>>type(num) >>type(num)
<class ‘Int’> <class ‘float’>

Complex BOOL
>>a=5
>>num = 6+9j
>>b=6
>>type(num)
>>a<b
<class ‘complex’>
True

Python Programing
 Data Types Conversions
INT FLOAT FLOAT INT
>>num=5 >>num=5.7
>>float(num) >>int(num)

Data Types
>>num >>num
5.0 5

INT COMPLEX BOOL INT

>>a = 6 >>a=5
>>b = 7 >>b=6
>>c = complex(a,b) >>c = a<b
>>c >>int(c)
6+7j 1

Python Programing
 LISTS

Data Types TUPLE Sequence RANGE

STRING

Python Programing
 Sequence Examples
LISTS TUPLE

>>a= [1,2,3,4] >>a=(1,2,3,4)

Data Types
>>type(a) >>type(a)
<class ‘List’> <class ‘Tuple’>

STRING RANGE

>>str = ‘Harminder’ >>a=range(0,10,2)

>>type(str) >>type(a)
<class ‘String’> <class ‘Range’>

Python Programing
 Dictionary
Definition Accessing Keys

>>a= {‘name’:’Harminder’,’class’:’1st’}

Data Types
>>a= {‘name’:’Harminder’,’class’:’1st’}
>>a.keys()
>>type(a)
dict_keys{[‘name’,’class’]}
<class ‘Dict’>

Accessing Values Accessing Specific Index

>>a= {‘name’:’Harminder’,’class’:’1st’} >>a= {‘name’:’Harminder’,’class’:’1st’}

>>a.values() >>a[‘class’]
dict_values{[‘Harminder’,’1st’]} ‘1st’

Python Programing
OPERATORS

Python Programing
Operators
Arithmetic Operators

Assignment Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Python Programing
 Addition

Operators Division
Arithmetic
Operators
Subtraction

Multiplication

Python Programing
 Arithmetic Operators
Addition Subtraction
>>a=5 >>a=5
>>b=6 >>b=6

Operators
>>a+b >>b-a
11 1

Multiplication Division
>>a=5 >>a=30
>>b=6 >>b=5
>>a*b >>a/b
30 6

Python Programing
 Addition
Assignment

Operators Division
Assignment
Assignment
Operators
Subtraction
Assignment

Multiplication
Assignment

Python Programing
 Assignment Operators
Addition Assignment Subtraction Assignment
>>a=5 >>a=5
>>a += 2 >>a-=2

Operators
>>a >>a
7 3

Multiplication
Division Assignment
Assignment
>>a=5 >>a=25
>>a*=3 >>a /= 5
>>a >>a
15 5.0

Python Programing
 Assignment Operators

Assigning Multiple Variables at once

Operators
>>a,b=5,8
>>a
5
>>b
8

Python Programing
 >

!= <

Operators Relational
Operators

== >=

<=

Python Programing
 Relational Operators
< >
>>a=5 >>a=5
>>b=2 >>b=2

Operators
>>a<b >>a>b
False True

>= <=
>>a=5 >>a=5
>>b=2 >>b=2
>>a>=b >>a<=b
True False

Python Programing
 Relational Operators

Operators
== !=
>>a=5 >>a=5
>>b=5 >>b=2
>>a==b >>a!=b
True True

Python Programing
 AND

Operators Logical
Operators

OR

Python Programing
 Logical Operators

Operators
AND OR
>>a=5 >>a=5
>>b=2 >>b=2
>>a>5 and b=2 >>a>5 or b=2
False True

Python Programing
BITWISE OPERATOR

Python Programing
 AND (&)

Bitwise OR (|)

Operators
XOR (^)

Left Shift (<<)

Right Shift (>>)

Python Programing
 12 1100
Decimal to Binary Conversion

Bitwise
Operators
2 12
2 6 0
2 3 0
1 1

Python Programing
 1100 12
Binary to Decimal Conversion

Bitwise
Operators 1 1 0 0
2 3 + 22 + 2 1 + 2 0

8+4=12

Python Programing
 12 & 13 = 12
Bitwise (AND)

Bitwise
Operators
00001100 -> 12
00001101 -> 13
00001100 -> 12

Python Programing
 12 | 13 = 13
Bitwise (OR)

Bitwise
Operators
00001100 -> 12
00001101 -> 13
00001101 -> 13

Python Programing
 12 ^ 13 = 1
Bitwise (XOR)

Bitwise
Operators
00001100 -> 12
00001101 -> 13
00000001 -> 1

Python Programing
 10 << 2 = 40
Left Shift (<<)

Bitwise
Operators 00001010.000 -> 10
0000101000.0 -> 40

Python Programing
 10 >> 2 = 2
Right Shift (>>)

Bitwise
Operators 00001010.000 -> 10
000010.10000 -> 2

Python Programing
Math Module

Python Programing
 Importing Math Module

Math Module >>Import math

Python Programing
 Finding Square Root

>>Import math
Math Module >>x=math.sqrt(25)
>>x
5

Python Programing
 Math Functions
Ceiling

5 Floor Ceil

Math Module
>>x=math.floor(4.9)
>>x=math.ceil(4.1)
>>x
>>x
4
5

Power

>>x=math.pow(4,2)
4 >>x
16
Floor

Python Programing
 Alice Math Module

>>Import math as m
Math Module >>x=m.sqrt(25)
>>x
5

Python Programing
 Importing Specific functions of Math
Module

Math Module >>from math import sqrt

Python Programing
Creating & Running Python Files

Python Programing
 Write a Program on Notepad/IDE

Creating &
Running Py Files

Python Programing
 Save file with PY Extension

Creating &
Running Py Files

Python Programing
 Open CMD and Change path to file’s
location

Creating &
Running Py Files

Python Programing
 Call the python file

Creating &
Running Py Files

Python Programing
User Input

Python Programing
 Input Function

User Input x=input(“Please Enter Your Input”)

Python Programing
 Input Function only accept strings

x=input(“Please Enter Your Input”)

User Input
Print(type(a))

Please Enter Your Input 1

<class ‘str’>

Python Programing
 Input Function only accept strings

x=input(“Please Enter First Number”)

y=input(“Please Enter Second Number”)

User Input
c=x+y
print(c)

Please Enter First Number 1

Please Enter Second Number 2
12

Python Programing
 Passing Argument Input in CMD

Import sys

User Input
x=sys.argv[1]
y=sys.argv[2]
c=x+y
print(c)

Python Programing
 Passing Argument Input in CMD

User Input
[0] [1] [2]

Python Programing
Control Flow Statements

Python Programing
 Central Processing Unit

Control Flow
Control Unit

Statements
Arithmetic/Logical Unit

Memory Unit

Python Programing
 IF Statement

Control Flow
Suite

X=5

Statements
If x==5:
print(“equal to five”)

Python Programing
 IF Statement Needs Indentation

Control Flow
X=5
If x==3:

Statements
print(“equal to five”)
print(“hello”)

Python Programing
 Else Statement

Control Flow
X=5
If x==5:

Statements
print(“equal to five”)
else:
print(“Not Equal”)

Python Programing
 Nested IF Statement

Control Flow
X=5
If x>=5:

Statements
print(“x is greater”)
if x==5:
print(“x is equal”)
else:
print(“x is smaller”)

Python Programing
 Nested IF Statement

X=5

Control Flow
If x==1:
print(“One”)

Statements
elif x==2:
print(“Two”)
elif x==3:
print(“Three”)
else:
print(“Wrong Input”)

Python Programing
Loops

Python Programing
 While Loop

x=0 Initialization

Loops
while x<=5:
print(i)
x=x+1
Condition

Increment

Python Programing
 While Loop (Reverse)

x=5 Initialization

Loops
while x>=0:
print(i)
x=x-1
Condition

Increment

Python Programing
 While Loop (Nested)

x=0
while x<=5:

Loops
print("Python",end="")
j=0
while j<=5:
print("Rocks",end="")
j=j+1
x=x+1
print()

Python Programing
 For Loop with List

a = [“Harminder”,1,”Surender”]

Loops for i in a:
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Loop with String

a = “Harminder”

Loops for i in a:
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Loop with Tuple

Loops
a = (“hi”,”harminder”,”surender”)
for i in a:
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Loop with Sets

Loops
a = {“hi”,”harminder”,”surender”}
for i in a:
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Loop with Range

Loops
for i in range(10):
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Loop with Range

Loops
for i in range(10,21,1):
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Loop with Range

Loops
for i in range(20,0,-1):
print(i)

Python Programing
 Nested For Loop

for i in range(5):

Loops for j in range(5):

print(j,end="")
print()

Python Programing
 Break Statement

for i in range(1,10,1):

Loops if i==5:
break
print(i)

Python Programing
 Continue Statement

for i in range(1,10,1):

Loops if i==5:
continue
print(i)

Python Programing
 Pass Statement

for i in range(1,100,1):

Loops if i%2!=0:
pass
else:
print(i)

Python Programing
 For Else

a=[1,2,3,4,6,7]

Loops for i in a:
if i%5=0:
break
else:
print(“Not Found”)

Python Programing
Functions

Python Programing
 Function Definition

Functions
def greet():
print(“Hello”)
print(“Good Morning”)

Python Programing
 Passing Parameter to function
Formal Arguments

Functions
def add(x,y):
c=x+y
print(c)

add(4,5)

Actual Argument

Python Programing
 Types of arguments

Position

Functions
Keyword

Default

Variable length

Python Programing
 Position Argument

def person(name,age):

Functions print(name)
print(age)

person(“Harminder”,29)

Python Programing
 Keyword Argument

Functions
def person(name,age):
print(name)
print(age)
person(age=11,name="Harminder")

Python Programing
 Default Argument

Functions
def person(name,age):
print(name)
print(age)
person(age=11,name="Harminder")

Python Programing
 Variable Length Argument

def sum(a,*b):

Functions
for i in b:
c=a+i
print(c)

sum(2,4,6)

Python Programing
 Keyworded Variable Length Argument

def person(a,**b):

Functions
print(a)
print(b)

person("Harminder",city="faridabad",age=19)

Python Programing
 Keyworded Variable Length Argument

def person(a,**b):

Functions
print(a)
for i,j in b.items():
print(i,j)

person("Harminder",city="faridabad",age=19)

Python Programing
 Returning values from function

def add(x,y):
Functions c=x+y
return c

a=add(4,5)
print(a)

Python Programing
 Returning multiple values from function

def add_sub(x,y):
Functions c=x+y
d=x-y
return c,d

a,b=add_sub(4,5)
print(a,b)

Python Programing
 Global & Local Variables
a=10
def hello():

Functions
a=15
print(a)

hello()

print(a)

Python Programing
 Local Variables can only be used inside
function
def hello():

Functions
a=15
print(a)

print(a)

This code will generate a Error

Python Programing
 Global Variables can be used anywhere in
Program
a=10

Functions
def hello():
print(a)

hello()

Python Programing
 Changing Value of a global Variable

a=10

Functions
def hello():
global a
a=15
print(a)

hello()
print(a)

Python Programing
 Passing List/tuple/set to a function
def hello(a,b,c):
print(a)

Functions
print(b)
print(c)

a=[1,2,3,4,5]
b=(1,2,3,4,5)
c={1,2,3,4,5}

hello(a,b,c)

Python Programing
 Anonymous Function(LAMBDA)

f= lambda a,b:a+b

Functions result = f(5,6)

print(result)

Python Programing
 Using Filter with lambda

nums = [2,3,45,6,7,8,80]

Functions r= filter(lambda n:n%2==0,nums)

for i in r:
print(i)

Python Programing
 Using Map with lambda

nums = [2,3,45,6,7,8,80]

Functions r= map(lambda n:n*2,nums)

for i in r:
print(i)

Python Programing
 Using Reduce with lambda

from functools import reduce

nums = [2,3,45,6,7,8,80]

Functions r= reduce(lambda a,b:a+b,nums)

print(r)

Python Programing
 Creating Modules in Python
def add(a,b):
c=a+b
return c
Functions def sub(a,b):
c=a-b
return c

def mul(a,b):
c=a*b
return c

Python Programing
 Using User Defined Modules in Python

import hello as h

Functions r=h.add(3,4)

print(r)

Python Programing
Special Variable

Python Programing
import hi as h def add():
print("This is add function")
def fun1():
print("This is function 1") def mul():
h.add() print("This is mul function")

def fun2(): def hello():

print("This is function 2") add()
mul()
def main():
fun1() if __name__ == "__main__":
fun2() hello()

Python Programing
main()
Object Oriented Programing

Python Programing
 Class Definition

class a:

OOP
def add(self):
print(“This is add function")

obj = a()
a.add(obj)
obj.add()

Python Programing
 Multiple Object of a class

class a:

OOP
def add(self):
print(“This is add function")

obj = a()
obj2=a()
obj.add()
obj2.add()

Python Programing
 __init__ Method

class a:

OOP
def __init__(self)
print(“This is init function")

obj = a()

Python Programing
 Passing Arguments to a Method

class person:

OOP
def a(self,name):
print("Hi",name)

obj = person()
obj.a("Harminder")

Python Programing
 Accessing Variable

class person:

OOP
x=1

obj = person()
print(obj.x)

Python Programing
 class a:
Binding variable to object def b(self,k=5,n=4):
self.k=k
self.n=n
def c(self):

OOP
print(self.k,self.n)

obj = a()
obj.b(44,67)
obj.c()

obj2 = a()
obj2.b()
obj2.c()

Python Programing
Binding variable to object using class a:
__init__ def __init__(self,k=5,n=4):
self.k=k
self.n=n

OOP
def c(self):
print(self.k,self.n)

obj = a(44,67)
obj.c()

obj2 = a()
obj2.c()

Python Programing
Instance Variable class a:
def __init__(self):
self.b=5

OOP
c1=a()
c2=a()
print(c1.b)
print(c2.b)
c1.b=10
print(c1.b)
print(c2.b)

Python Programing
Class Variable class a:
x=4
def __init__(self):
self.b=5

c1=a()

OOP
c2=a()
print(c1.x)
print(c2.x)
a.x=15
print(c1.x)
print(c2.x)

c1.x=55
print(c1.x)
print(c2.x)

Python Programing
Types of Methods
(Instance Methods) class student:
def __init__(self,m1,m2,m3):
self.m1=m1
self.m2=m2

OOP
self.m3=m3

def avg(self):
return (self.m1+self.m2+self.m3)/3

s1 = student(23,56,44)
s2 = student(90,89,45)
print(s1.avg())
print(s2.avg())

Python Programing
Types of Methods
(Instance Methods)
class student:
def __init__(self):
self.a="Harminder"
Accessors Mutators
def get_a(self):
print(self.a)

OOP
s1 = student()
s1.get_a()

Python Programing
Types of Methods
(Instance Methods)
class student:
def __init__(self):
self.a="Harminder"
Accessors Mutators
def set_a(self):
self.a="surender"
return self.a

OOP
s1 = student()
print(s1.a)
print(s1.set_a())

Python Programing
Types of Methods
(Class Methods)
class student:
school="vsics"

OOP
@classmethod
def get_school(cls):
print(cls.school)

s1=student()
student.get_school()

Python Programing
Types of Methods
(Static Methods)
class student:
@staticmethod
def a():

OOP
print("hi")

s1=student()
s1.a()

Python Programing
Inner Class
class student:
def a(self):
print("hi")
self.obj = self.b()

OOP
self.obj.hello()

class b:
def hello(self):
print("hello")

s1=student()
s1.a()

Python Programing
 Inner Class
(using Object of inner class outside main class) class student:
def a(self):
print("hi")
self.obj = self.b()

OOP
class b:
def hello(self):
print("hello")

s1=student()
s1.a()
s1.obj.hello()

Python Programing
 Inner Class
(Defining Object of inner class outside main class) class student:
def a(self):
print("hi")

OOP
class b:
def hello(self):
print("hello")

s1=student()
obj=s1.b()
obj.hello()

Python Programing
Inheritance class a:
def feature1(self):
print("Feature 1 is working")

def feature2(self):
print("Feature 2 is working")

OOP class b(a):

def feature3(self):
print("Feature 3 is working")

def feature4(self):
print("Feature 4 is working")

obj1 = b()
obj1.feature1()

Python Programing
 class a:
Multi Level Inheritance def feature1(self):
print("Feature 1 is working")

def feature2(self):
print("Feature 2 is working")

OOP
class b(a):
def feature3(self):
print("Feature 3 is working")

def feature4(self):
print("Feature 4 is working")

class c(b):
def feature5(self):
print("Feature 5 is working")

obj1 = c()
obj1.feature1()

Python Programing
 class a:
Multiple Inheritance def feature1(self):
print("Feature 1 is working")

def feature2(self):
print("Feature 2 is working")

OOP
class b:
def feature3(self):
print("Feature 3 is working")

def feature4(self):
print("Feature 4 is working")

class c(a,b):
def feature5(self):
print("Feature 5 is working")

obj1 = c()
obj1.feature1()

Python Programing
 class a:
Constructor Behavior in def __init__(self):

Single/Multi level inheritance

print("Init of a")
def feature1(self):
print("This is feature 1")
def feature2(self):
print("This is Feature 2")

OOP
class b(a):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
print("Init of b")
def feature3(self):
print("This is feature 3")
def feature4(self):
print("This is Feature 4")

k = b()

Python Programing
Constructor Behavior in Multiple
class a:
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()

Inheritance (MRO)
print("Init of a")
def feature1(self):
print("This is feature 1")
def feature2(self):
print("This is Feature 2")

OOP
class b:
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
print("Init of b")
def feature3(self):
print("This is feature 3")
def feature4(self):
print("This is Feature 4")

class c(a,b):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
print("Init of c")
def feat(self):
print("This is feat")

k = c()

Python Programing
 Polymorphism

OOP
Duck Typing

Operator Overloading

Method Overriding

Python Programing
Using methods in other classes
class b:
def k(self):
print("This is k function")

OOP
class a:
def a(self,obj2):
obj2.k()

obj2=b()
obj = a()
obj.a(obj2)

Python Programing
Duck Typing class b:
def k(self):
print("This is k function")

class a:
def a(self,obj2):

OOP
obj2.k()

class d:
def k(self):
print("This is k in d")

obj2=d()
obj = a()
obj.a(obj2)

Python Programing
 Operator Overloading

Operators

OOP 5+2
Operands

Python Programing
 Operator Overloading
(Everything in python is a class)

a=4

OOP
b=5
c=a+b
print(c)

print(int.__add__(a,b))

Python Programing
 Operator Overloading
(Int class has various methods)

+ •__add__()
OOP
- •__sub__()
* •__mul__()

Python Programing
 Overloading Addition Operator
class a:
def __init__(self,m1,m2):
self.m1=m1
self.m2=m2

OOP
def __add__(obj1,obj2):
x = obj1.m1+obj2.m1
y = obj1.m2+obj2.m2
z = a(x,y)
return z

s1 = a(3,4)
s2 = a(44,55)

s3 = s1+s2
print(s3.m1)

Python Programing
 Overloading Greater than Operator
class a:
def __init__(self,m1,m2):
self.m1=m1
self.m2=m2
def __gt__(obj1,obj2):

OOP
x = obj1.m1+obj1.m2
y = obj2.m1+obj2.m2
if x>y:
return True
else:
return False

s1 = a(3,4)
s2 = a(44,55)

if s1>s2:
print("s1 wins")
else:
print("s2 wins")

Python Programing
 Method Overriding

class a:
def greet(self):

OOP
print("Welcome to class a")

class b(a):
def greet(self):
print("Welcome to class b")

obj = b()
obj.greet()

Python Programing
 Iterator

OOP
a = [2,33,45,67,890,3]

c = iter(a)

print(c.__next__())

for i in a:
print(c.__next__())

Python Programing
 Generators Example 1

def hello():

OOP
yield 1
yield 2
yield 3

values=hello()
print(values.__next__())
print(values.__next__())
print(values.__next__())

Python Programing
 Generators Example 2

def sq():

OOP
n=1
while n<=10:
yield n*n
n+=1

values=sq()

print(next(values))
for i in values:
print(i)

Python Programing
Exception Handling

Python Programing
 Types of Errors

Exception
Handling
Compile Time

Logical

Runtime Error

Python Programing
 Types of Statements

a=25
Exception b=5
Normal Statement

Handling
c=a/b Critical Statement

Python Programing
 Runtime Error Example

a=25
Exception b=0
Handling print(a/b)

Python Programing
 Runtime Error Example
a=5

Exception
b=0

Handling
try:
print(a/b)
except Exception:
print("You cannot divide a number
by zero")

print("bye")

Python Programing
 Try/Except/finally
a=5
b=2

Exception try:

Handling
print("Calculation mode started")
print(a/b)

except Exception:
print("You cannot divide a number by
zero")

finally:
print("Calculation mode closed")

Python Programing
 Handling Specific Errors
a=5
b=2

Exception try:

Handling
print("Calculation mode started")
print(a/b)

except ZeroDivisonError:
print("You cannot divide a number by
zero")

finally:
print("Calculation mode closed")

Python Programing
Multi Threading

Python Programing
 Multi Threading
from threading import *
from time import sleep

Multi
class hello(Thread):
def run(self):
for i in range(0,50):

Threading
print("hello")
sleep(1)

class hi(Thread):
def run(self):
for i in range(0,50):
print("hi")
sleep(1)

t1=hello()
t2=hi()

t1.start()
sleep(0.2)
t2.start()

Python Programing
Concept of Join
from threading import *
from time import sleep
class hello(Thread):
def run(self):
for i in range(0,10):

Multi
print("hello")
sleep(1)

Threading
class hi(Thread):
def run(self):
for i in range(0,10):
print("hi")
sleep(1)

t1=hello()
t2=hi()

t1.start()
sleep(0.2)
t2.start()

t1.join()
print("bye")

Python Programing
File Handling

Python Programing
 Opening a file in Python

open(“filename”,”mode”)

File
Handling
"r" - Read - Default value. Opens a file for reading, error if the file does not exist

"a" - Append - Opens a file for appending, creates the file if it does not exist

"w" - Write - Opens a file for writing, creates the file if it does not exist

"x" - Create - Creates the specified file, returns an error if the file exists

Python Programing
 Reading Complete file

File f=open("hello.txt","r")
print(f.read())
Handling

Python Programing
 Reading bits of a file

File f=open("hello.txt","r")
print(f.read(6))
Handling

Python Programing
 Reading one line at a time

File f=open("hello.txt","r")
print(f.readline())
Handling print(f.readline())

Python Programing
 Reading Bits of a line

File f=open("hello.txt","r")
print(f.readline())
Handling print(f.readline(4))

Python Programing
 Writing a file

File f=open("hello.txt","w")
f.write("hi who are
Handling you??")

Python Programing
 Append to a file

File f=open("hello.txt",“a")
f.write("hi who are
Handling you??")

Python Programing
 Using for loop with file handler

f=open("hello.txt","r")
File
Handling
f1=open("hi.txt","a")

for i in f:
f1.write(i)

Python Programing
 Removing a file

File import os
Handling os.remove("hi.txt")

Python Programing
 Removing a file

import os
File
Handling
if os.path.exists("hello.txt"):
os.remove("hello.txt")
else:
print("no file")

Python Programing
DJANGO

Python Programing
 Django is a high-level Python Web
framework that encourages rapid
development and clean, pragmatic

What is Django
design. Built by experienced developers,
it takes care of much of the hassle of
Web development, so you can focus on
writing your app without needing to
reinvent the wheel. It’s free and open
source.

Python Programing
 • Fast
Why Django • Secure
• Scalable

Python Programing
 Firstly we will install virtual environment wrapper

pip install virtualenvwrapper-win

Installation

Python Programing
 Firstly we will create a virtual environment for Django

mkvirtualenv axpino

Installation

Python Programing
 Now we will install Django into our Environment

pip install django

Installation

Python Programing
 Now we will create a folder to store our projects
and navigate to it

mkdir projects
cd projects
Installation

Python Programing
 Now we will create our first project

django-admin startproject projectname

Installation

Python Programing
 Navigate to project folder and start server
cd projectname
python manage.py runserver

Installation

Python Programing
 Now lets access the main url of project

Installation

Python Programing
 Firstly we will create a app inside our project

Select the Environment using command

>>workon env_name

Creating views Navigate to projects folder

>>cd projects

Navigate to your project

>>cd project_name

Create a app using command

>>python manage.py startapp app_name

Python Programing
 Lets check our app folder

Creating views

Python Programing
 Lets check our app folder

Creating views

Python Programing
 To create a url we need to create a file with name urls in our app folder

Creating views

Python Programing
 Let us add a path in urls file in our app

from django.urls import path

Creating views
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
path('',views.home,name="home")
]

Python Programing
 Let create a view function

Creating views
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def home(request):
return HttpResponse("This is my webpage")

Python Programing
 Let add path in main project url

Creating views
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
path('',include('calc.urls’)),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

Python Programing
 Restart the Server

Creating views

Python Programing
 Access the project using browser

Creating views

Python Programing