Physics project
📄 Page 1: Cover Page
Contents:
Name of School
Subject: Physics
Project Title
Submitted by: [Your Name], Class 12, Roll No.
Submitted to: [Teacher's Name]
CBSE Session: 2025–26
📄 Page 2: Certificate
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that RAJNEESH , a student of Class 12, has successfully completed the
investigatory project titled “To Construct a Mirror by Recycling Waste Glass and Mirror to
Form a Merged Image When Aligned Between Two Objects” under my guidance and
supervision, as per the CBSE curriculum for academic year 2025–26.
Signature of Teacher
[Teacher’s Name]
School Seal
Date
📄 Page 3: Acknowledgement
I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my Physics teacher [Teacher’s Name] for
guiding me throughout this project. I also thank my school for providing the necessary
facilities and my family for helping me gather materials like waste glass and mirror pieces.
— [Your Name]
Class 12
📄 Page 4: Index
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Hypothesis
4. Apparatus Required
5. Theory
6. Construction Procedure
7. Observation
8. Result
9. Advantages of Recycling
10. Precautions
11. Conclusion
12. Bibliography
📄 Page 5: Introduction
In this project, I attempt to construct a mirror using recycled materials such as old glass and
broken mirror pieces. The aim is to form a merged image when the recycled mirror is
aligned between two objects, making it useful for applications in visual perception, illusions,
and physics experiments.
📄 Page 6: Objective
To reuse waste glass and mirror material to construct a functional mirror.
To use this mirror to create a merged image effect when placed between two
objects.
To understand the concept of reflection and mirror symmetry in image formation.
📄 Page 7: Hypothesis
If we place a recycled mirror (thin mirror strip made from waste materials) vertically
between two similar objects, the mirror will reflect one object in such a way that it appears
as a merged single object, due to symmetrical image formation.
📄 Page 8: Apparatus Required
Broken mirror pieces
Waste glass (flat and transparent if possible)
Cutter and sandpaper (for shaping and smoothing)
Adhesive (Fevikwik/epoxy)
Support stand or cardboard to fix mirror
Two identical small objects (e.g., toys, candles)
Ruler and protractor (for alignment)
📄 Page 9: Theory
Laws of Reflection: Angle of incidence = angle of reflection.
Plane Mirror Image Formation: Images formed are virtual, erect, laterally inverted,
and same size.
Merged Image Illusion: When a mirror is placed exactly in between two symmetric
objects, the image of one appears to blend with the real object on the other side —
giving a single object illusion.
This effect is similar to the Ames room illusion or Kaleidoscopic symmetry, based on
geometrical optics.
📄 Page 10: Construction Procedure
1. Collected waste glass and mirror pieces.
2. Cleaned and cut them into a rectangular strip (~10 cm × 4 cm).
3. Smoothened edges with sandpaper for safety.
4. Fixed the mirror vertically on a stand using cardboard or thermocol.
5. Placed two identical objects on either side of the mirror, equidistant from the
surface.
6. Adjusted mirror angle to ensure proper reflection.
7. Observed the merged image formation.
📄 Page 11: Observation
Object Distance (from mirror) Image Formed Appears Merged?
3 cm Yes Perfectly merged
5 cm Yes Slight misalignment
7 cm Yes Blurred effect
Asymmetrical placement No Not merged
📄 Page 12: Result
Mirror successfully constructed from recycled material.
Merged image illusion was clearly visible when identical objects were symmetrically
placed.
Proper alignment and verticality of mirror were crucial.
Best result observed when both objects were equidistant and close to mirror.
📄 Page 13: Advantages of Recycling
Reduces glass waste and promotes sustainability.
Cost-effective way to create educational optical tools.
Encourages innovation and hands-on learning.
Safe reuse of materials that would otherwise be discarded.
📄 Page 14: Precautions
Handle broken glass with gloves to avoid cuts.
Use sandpaper to smooth sharp edges.
Use proper adhesive to avoid mirror falling.
Ensure objects are of same shape and size for best visual effect.
Perform experiment in good lighting.
📄 Page 15: Conclusion
This project demonstrates that recycled glass and mirrors can be effectively used to create
functional optical tools. The experiment clearly showed image merging due to symmetrical
reflection, reinforcing principles of light and mirror image formation. It also emphasizes the
importance of sustainability in science.
📄 Page 16: Bibliography
1. NCERT Physics Class XII
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. Practical experiments and personal observations
