DSE CHEM MASTERY

THE MASTER NOTE

7. Redox Reactions, Chemical Cells & Electrolysis

Part 2

Marking Scheme

ATTENTION

核對時對 Marking 有任何疑問可以隨時 WhatsApp TC 發問！

1
Question 1

§ As silver is more reactive than Gold, it will undergo oxidation to form Sliver ions, thus the mass of sliver (the anode)
will decrease. Ag → Ag ! + e"

§ In the electrolyte, even though sliver ions can constantly being reduce in the cathode, its concentration will
remain unchanged. As the rate of formation of silver ions in the anode is equal to the rate of reduction of silver
ions in the cathode.

§ ( ) Ag → Ag ! + e"

Question 2

§ As copper is more reactive than silver, electrons flow from the copper electrode to the silver electrode, indicating
that the copper electrode is the anode and oxidation will occur.

§ \The mass of the Copper electrode will decrease, as: Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2e" (aq) → \ Option A and B is ✘

§ Even though in the cathode, Cu2+ ions in the electrolyte are being reduced to Copper solid,
Cu#! (aq) + 2e" → Cu(s)

§ However, as the rate of reduction of Copper ions at the cathode equals to the rate of formation of Copper ions at
the anode, the concentration of copper ions will remain unchanged. ➝\ Option D is ✘.

§ 由 作⽤

§ \ Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2e" (aq) → A B \

§ Cu2+ Cu#! (aq) + 2e" → Cu(s)

§ 然⽽ ➝\ D

2
Question 3

Mark

(a) Provide H+ / ions / electrolyte for the chemical cell 1

(b) Copper, Metal Y, Metal X 1

(c) (i) X → X #! + 2e" 1

(ii) 2H! + 2e" → H# 1

(d) No, the metal Y strip would be the negative electrode. It is because silver is lower than copper in 1
the electrochemical series/ silver is less reactive than copper/ silver is a weaker oxidizing agent
than copper, so sliver should be lower than Y in the electrochemical series/ silver is less reactive
than Y/ silver is a weaker oxidizing agent than Y.

(a) H+/ / 1

(b) Y X 1

(c) (i) X → X #! + 2e" 1

(ii) 2H! + 2e" → H# 1

(d) Y / / 1
Y/ Y / Y

3
Question 4

(1)
As Zinc is a more reactive metal than Copper, it will undergo oxidation, thus Zinc acts as the anode

(2) ✘
As Copper is a more reactive metal than Sliver, it will lose electrons readily to Sliver, therefore Copper should be
the negative electrode instead.

(3)
As lemon juice contains mobile ions; thus, it can act as electrolyte for conducting electricity

(1)

(2) ✘
終

(3)

4
Question 5

§ In figure 2, as the electrons flow from metal Y to Copper, it means that metal Y is more reactive than Copper.

§ While in figure 1, as the electrons flow from Copper to metal X, it means that Copper is more reactive than metal
X.

§ \ Reactivity: Metal Y > Copper > Metal X

§ \ Even when Copper is replaced by Metal Y in figure 1, the electrons will still flow from the right hand side to the
left-hand side, meaning that Metal Y will be the anode and oxidation will occur.

A. ✘
Although Metal Y is the anode, as the concentration of Chloride ions is not higher enough, Metal Y instead of
Chloride ions will oxidize.

B. ✘
For Y, as it is the anode reduction of Sodium ions will not occur, therefore it is impossible that solid will deposit
on it. (or sodium, as it is a very reactive metal, its ions will be very unreactive, thus, it is hard for its ions (Sodium
ions) to undergo reduction.)

C.
As the difference of Metal Y and Metal X in the metal reactivity series is greater, a greater magnitude of voltage will
therefore be recorded

D. ✘
As metal Y is more reactive than Metal X, electrons will flow from metal Y to metal X instead.

5
§ 2 Y Y

§ 1 X X

§ \ Y> > X

§ \ 1 Y Y

A. ✘

Y Y

B. ✘
Y 順
順

C.
Y X

D. ✘
Y X Y X

6
Question 6

§ E.C.S. of Metals: K > Ca > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag > Au

§ To obtain the largest voltage from the chemical cell, Metal X and Metal Y should have the largest difference in
position in E.C.S.

§ Since current flow from Y to X, electron flow from X to Y. X lose electron more readily than Y.

§ ∴ Mg & Ag are selected in this case.

§ E.C.S. K > Ca > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag > Au

§ X Y E.C.S

§ Y X X Y X Y

§ Mg & Ag

Question 7

§ Since the current flow is from Cu to Metal X, the electron flow is from Metal X to Cu. It means Metal X loses electron
more readily.

§ To obtain the highest voltage from the chemical cell, metal with very high reactivity should be chosen. Therefore,
magnesium should be used.

§ Cu X X Cu X 終

§ 順 。

7
Question 8

A. ✘
Since the voltage reading is positive, electrons flow from metal X to copper and electrode X is negative electrode.

B.
Since electron flows from metal X to Cu electrode, Cu is lower than metal X in E.C.S.

C. ✘
Hydrogen ion preferentially discharge and give hydrogen gas at copper electrode. There is no change in the mass
of copper electrode.

D. ✘
Since Metal X loses electron more readily and becomes metal cation, its mass decreases gradually.

A. ✘
X X

B.
X E.C.S Cu X

C. ✘

D. ✘
X 終

8
Question 9

§ In set-up 1, the voltage is negative which means the electron flows from electrode X to electrode Y. Hence, X is
more reactive than Y.

§ In set-up 2, the voltage is positive which means the electron flows from electrode Z to electrode W. Hence, Z is
more reactive than W.

§ In set-up 3, the voltage is positive which means the electron flows from electrode Y to electrode Z. Hence, Y is
more reactive than Z.

§ Overall, the order of reactivity of these metals is: X > Y > Z > W.

§ 1 X Y. X Y

§ 2 Z W. Z W

§ 3 Y Z. Y Z

§ X > Y > Z > W。

9
Question 10

Mark

(a) Remove the oxide layer of metal and improve their electrical conductivity, 1

(b) B. 1

A negative voltage recorded/ electron flow from Cu to B shows that Cu lose electron more readily 1
than B.

(c) C>A>D>B

(d) Metal C dissolves. / Blue solution fades. / Reddish brown solid deposit on metal C. 1

C(s) + Cu#! (aq) → C#! (aq) + Cu(s) 1

(e) The voltmeter reading becomes 0. 1

Butan-1-ol cannot conduct electricity as it does not contain mobile ion or delocalized electrons. 1

(a) 終 1

(b) B. 1

/ Cu B Cu B 終 1

(c) C>A>D>B

(d) C / / C 1

C(s) + Cu#! (aq) → C#! (aq) + Cu(s) 1

(e) 0 1

-1- 1

10
Question 11

Mark

(a) A solution containing the maximum amount of a solute (KNO3) at a specified temperature. 1

(Accept any ✓ definition of saturated solution.)

(b) The strips of filter papers after soaked with the saturated KNO3 solution is used as a salt bridge 1
to complete the circuit by providing mobile ions

(c) (i) voltmeter / ammeter / multimeter / galvanometer 1

(ii) 2

(Award 0 mark for this put if the set-up is not workable.)

(1 mark for a ✓ diagram; I mark for labelling the half-cells and the
voltmeter/ammeter/multimeter/galvanometer)

(d) Reactivity: Cu < Y < X 1

A more reactive metal loses electrons more readily than a less reactive metal. 1

(e) no observable change 1

because Cu is less reactive than Y. 1

11
 (a) (KNO3) 1

(b) KNO3 ( ) 1

(c) (i) / / / 1

(ii) 2
/ / /

( A)
( C)

( 0

(1 ;1 / / / )

(d) Cu < Y < X 1

終 1

(e) 1

Cu Y 1

12
Question 12

(a) Anode: Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2e"

Cathode: Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s)

(b) Cu(s) + 2Ag ! (aq) → Cu#! (aq) + 2Ag(g)

(c) Anode: The size/ mass of Copper electrode decreases / The colour intensity of the blue solution increases/ become
deeper

Cathode: Silvery metal deposits on the silver electrode.

(a) : Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2e"

Ag ! (aq) + e" → 𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

(b) Cu(s) + 2Ag ! (aq) → Cu#! (aq) + 2Ag(g)

(c) /

Question 13

(a) Anode: Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2e"

Cathode: Cu#! (aq) + 2e" → Cu(s)

(b) Zn(s) + Cu#! (aq) → Zn#! (aq) + Cu(s)

(c) Anode: The size/ mass of the Zinc electrode decreases

Cathode: Reddish brown Copper deposit on Copper electrode/ The mass of the Copper electrode increases / The
colour intensity of the blue solution decreases/ become paler (colourless)/ fades

(a) Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2e"

Cu#! (aq) + 2e" → Cu(s)

(b) Zn(s) + Cu#! (aq) → Zn#! (aq) + Cu(s)

(c)

13
Question 14

(a) Anode: Mg(s) → Mg #!(aq) + 2e"

Cathode: Ag ! (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑒 " → 𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

(b) Mg(s) + 2Ag ! (𝑎𝑞) → 𝑀𝑔#!(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

(c) Anode: The size/ mass of Magnesium electrode decreases

Cathode: Silvery metal deposit on the silver electrode

(a) Mg(s) → Mg #! (aq) + 2e"

Ag ! (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑒 " → 𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

(b) Mg(s) + 2Ag ! (𝑎𝑞) → 𝑀𝑔#!(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

(c)

Question 15

Since electron flow from X to Y, X lose electron more electron readily than Y / X is more reactive than the metal of the
metal ion in solution Z.

A. ✘ X cannot be carbon as it couldn't lose electron.

B. ✘ X is a weaker reducing agent than Mg and thus cannot reduce Mg2+ at Z.

C. ✘ X cannot be carbon as it couldn't lose electron.

D. At anode: Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2 e"

At cathode: Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s)

X Y X Y 終 /X Z

A. ✘ X 終

B. ✘ X Mg Z Mg2+

C. ✘ X 終

D. Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2 e"

Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s)

14
Question 16

§ Since Pb has a higher position in E.C.S. than Cu, Pb loses electrons more readily and electrons flow from Pb to Cu.

A. ✘
Since Pb is more reactive than Cu, electrons flow from Pb electrode to Cu electrode.

At Cu electrode, Cu2+(aq) in the electrolyte will gain electrons & becomes Cu(s).

Therefore, the concentration of Cu2+(aq) decreases, the blue colour in the solution will fade out gradually.

Cu#! (aq) + 2e" (aq) → Cu(s)

B.
NaCl cannot be used in the salt bridge as lead ions can form insoluble lead(II) chloride with chloride ions.

C. ✘
Electrons will only flow across the external circuits, while mobile ions will only flow across the salt bridge and
within the electrolyte

D. ✘
As Copper is less reactive than Lead, electrons will flow from the Lead electrode to the Copper electrode, thus
Copper is the cathode of the chemical cell instead.

§ Pb ECS Cu Pb 終 Pb Cu

A. ✘
Pb Cu Pb Cu

Cu2+(aq) Cu(s)

Cu2+(aq)

Cu#! (aq) + 2e" (aq) → Cu(s)

B.
NaCl (II)

C. ✘

D. ✘

15
Question 17

A. ✘
As Zn is more reactive than Ag, electrons will flow from Zn electrode to Ag electrode, indicating that Ag electrode
is the cathode and reduction occur:

Ag ! + e" → Ag(s)

As Ag solid will deposit on Ag electrode, the mass of Ag electrode increases instead.

B. ✘
As Zinc is more reactive than Sliver, electrons will flow from Zn electrode to Ag electrode, indicating that Zinc
electrode is the anode and oxidation occur,

Zn (s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2e"

As such, the mass of Zinc electrode decreases instead.

C. ✘
In the electrolyte in beaker Y, as Sulphate ions are too unreactive, it will not undergo any reduction to form
Sulphur dioxide gas, thus, no gas will be given off at the sliver electrode.

D.
As Zinc electrode is the anode and oxidation will take place, more Zinc ions will be formed and therefore the
concentration of Zinc ions in the beaker will increase: Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2e"

A. ✘
Zn Ag Zn Ag Ag

Cu#! + 2e" → Cu(s)

Cu Ag Ag

B. ✘

Zn (s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2e"

C. ✘
Y 較

D.

Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2e"

16
Question 18

A. ✘
Only mobile ions will flow through the salt bridge (Electrons will only flow through the external circuit.)

B. ✘
To make the concentration of Copper ions in both ions the same, reduction should occur at electrode Y instead.

Cu#! (aq) + 2e" (aq) → Cu(s)

As only by doing so will the concentration of Copper ions in the right-hand-side half cell decrease.

C. ✘
To increase the concentration of Copper ions in the right set-up, the Copper electrode has to be the anode and
undergo oxidation. Therefore, electrons should flow from electrode X to electrode Y.

D.
As Copper electrode X is the anode, it oxidizes to form Copper Ions, thus its mass decreases.

Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2e"

As Copper electrode Y is the cathode, reduction occurs and its mass will increase.

A. ✘
( )

B. ✘
Y

Cu#! (aq) + 2e" (aq) → Cu(s)

C. ✘
X Y

D.
X

Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2e"

17
Question 19

Since copper is more reactive than silver, oxidation occur at copper electrode and reduction occur at silver electrode.

A. ✘
Ag+ ion reduced at silver electrode to form Ag.

Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s)

B. ✘
Copper oxidized at copper electrode. Mass of copper strip decrease.

Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2 e"

C.
Electron flow through external circuit.

D. ✘

Ag+ ion reduced at silver electrode to form Ag.

A. ✘
Ag+ Ag

Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s)

B. ✘

Cu(s) → Cu#! (aq) + 2 e"

C.

D. ✘

Ag+ Ag

18
Question 20

A. ✘
Only mobile ions will flow through the salt bridge, while only electrons will flow through the external circuit.

B. ✘
As Magnesium is more reactive than copper, it will lose electrons readily to copper, meaning that Magnesium
electrode is the anode and oxidation occur. Therefore, electrons will flow from Magnesium to copper instead.

C.
As Magnesium is more reactive than copper, it will lose electrons readily to copper, meaning that Magnesium
electrode is the anode and oxidation occur.

D. ✘
As copper electrode is the cathode, reduction occur, and the mass of copper electrode should increase instead.

A. ✘

B. ✘
終

C.
終

D. ✘

19
Question 21

(1)
In the left-hand-side set-up, as Iodide ions are preferentially discharged to form Iodine, the solution around
electrode X will turn brown

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e"

(2)
In the left-hand-side set-up, as it is the anode, oxidation will take place, therefore Potassium ions will not
discharge to form Potassium metal on the electrode (it is a reduction), the mass of electrode X will remain
unchanged.

(3)
In the right-hand-side set-up, as it is the cathode, reduction occur at electrode Y.

Fe%! + e" → Fe#!

(1)
X

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e"

(2)
( )
X

(3)
Y

Fe%! + e" → Fe#!

20
Question 22

§ As Br2(aq) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Fe3+(aq), it undergoes reduction more readily than Fe3+(aq)

§ \ Right-hand carbon electrode is the cathode and Br2(aq) will be reduced and Br-(aq) will be formed:

Br# (aq) + 2e" (aq) → 2Br " (aq)

§ As right-hand carbon electrode is the cathode, it indicates that the left-hand electrode is the anode and oxidation
will occur.

§ For Iron, its highest oxidation number is +3, therefore it means that only Fe2+(aq) can undergo oxidation,

§ \ Fe#! (aq) → Fe%! (aq) + e" (aq)

§ Br2(aq) Fe3+(aq) Fe3+(aq)

§ \ 邊的 Br2(aq) Br-(aq)：

Br# (aq) + 2e" (aq) → 2Br " (aq)

§ 邊的 的

§ +3 Fe2+(aq)

§ \Fe#! (aq) → Fe%! (aq) + e" (aq)

21
Question 23

(1) ✘

In KI(aq), iodide ions will oxidize by losing electrons to form Iodine, thus carbon electrode Y is the anode.

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" (aq)

As electrons flow from the anode to cathode, electrons indeed flow from electrode Y to electrode X.

(2)

In KI(aq), iodide ions will oxidize by losing electrons to form Iodine, thus carbon electrode Y is the anode and
oxidation occurs at electrode Y instead.

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" (aq)

(3)

In KI(aq), iodide ions will oxidize by losing electrons to form Iodine,

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" (aq)

When Iodine formed from oxidation will react with starch solution and produce a dark blue colour.

(1) ✘

KI(aq) 終 Y

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" (aq)

Y X

(2)

KI(aq) 終 X Y

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" (aq)

(3)

KI(aq) 終 進⾏ 作⽤

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" (aq)

22
Question 24

From the flow of electrons, we can deduce that:

l Reduction occurs at compartment A: 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g)

l Oxidation occur at compartment B. Since H2 is a stronger reducing agent than OH-. H2 oxidized in alkaline medium,

H# (g) + 2 OH" → H# O(l) + 2 e"

l Overall equation: H! (aq) + OH" (aq) → H# O(l)

(1) ✘ [H+(aq)] decrease in compartment A. Thus, pH of the solution in A increase.

(2) ✔ H# (g) oxidized in compartment B.

(3) ✔

l A 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g)

l B H2 OH- H2

H# (g) + 2 OH" → H# O(l) + 2 e"

l H! (aq) + OH" (aq) → H# O(l)

(1) ✘ [H+(aq)] A A pH

(2) ✔ H# (g) B

(3) ✔

23
Question 25 2022 Q13

A. ✘ Oxidation occurs at X. An ox : oxidation occurs at anode. Red cat : reduction occurs at cathode. So,
electrode X is the anode.

B. ✔ KI is a reducing agent while Fe3+ is an oxidizing agent. In beaker (1) , KI is oxidized into brown iodine.

C. ✘ In beaker (2), yellow Fe3+ is reduced into pale green Fe2+.

D. ✘ Fe(NO3)3 acts as an oxidizing agent instead.

A. ✘ X , X

B. ✔ KI Fe3+ (1) KI

C. ✘ (2) Fe3+ Fe2+

D. ✘ Fe(NO3)3

24
Question 26

Mark

(a) MnO" ! " #!

& (aq) + 8H (aq) + 5e → Mn (aq) + 4H# O(l) 1
Permanganate ions are being reduced, as the oxidation number of Manganese has decreased
1
from +7 to +2.

(b) The colourless solution turns brown as iodine solution is formed. 1

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" 1

(c) As permanganate solution is reduced, it indicates that the carbon electrode in the left half-cell 1
is the cathode, thus current will flow from the left half-cell to the right half-cell.

(d) (i) To complete the circuit by providing mobile ions. 1

(ii) No, since sulphite ion can be oxidized by acidified KMnO4 (aq) and disturb the reaction/ form 1
insoluble MnSO3(s) with Mn , which can disturb the efficiency of the cell.
2+

(a) MnO" ! " #!

& (aq) + 8H (aq) + 5e → Mn (aq) + 4H# O(l) 1
+7 +2
1

(b) 1

2I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2e" 1

(c) 1

(d) (i) 1

(ii) KMnO4 (aq) / Mn2+ MnSO3(s) 1

25
Question 27 2019 Q7

Mark

(a) (i) Separate the CuSO& (aq) and MgSO& (aq)/ allow ions to pass through/ to complete the circuit. 1

(ii) Yes, the multimeter reading is positive showing electrons flow from Mg to Cu through the 1
external circuit because Mg loses electrons more readily than Cu.

/ Mg is more reactive than Cu.

/ Mg is a stronger reducing agent than Cu.

/ Mg is higher than Cu in the reactivity series or ECS.

/ Mg is the negative electrode and Cu is the positive electrode.

(iii) Cu#! (aq) + 2e" → Cu (s) (Ignore state symbols) 1

(b) (i) Br# (aq) + 2e" → 2Br (aq) (Ignore state symbols) 1

(ii) The size of the electrode decreases./ The mass of the electrode decreases./ The electrode 1
dissolves./ Colour around the electrode deepens./ Colour around the electrode becomes
darker blue.

(Do not accept " the colour around the electrode turns blue ".)

(iii) l Less negative 1+1

l Iodine gains electrons less readily than bromine./ Iodine is less reactive

bromine./ Iodine is a weaker oxidising agent than bromine./ Iodine is higher than

bromine in the ECS.

(Accept " iodine is a weaker oxidising agent ".)

26
(a) (i) CuSO& (aq) MgSO& (aq) / 1

(ii) Mg Cu Mg Cu 終 1

/ Mg ECS Cu

/ Mg Cu

(iii) Cu#! (aq) + 2e" → Cu (s) ( ) 1

(b) (i) Br# (aq) + 2e" → 2Br (aq) ( ) 1

(ii) / / / / 1

(iii) l 1+1

l ./

/ / ECS

( )

27
Question 28

(1)

(2) ✘
Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is a primary cell as it cannot be recharged.

(3)
Water, which will not cause any pollutions to the environment, is the only product produced from Hydrogen-
oxygen fuel cell.

(1)

(2) ✘

(3)

28
Question 29

A. ✘

Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is a primary cell as it cannot be recharged.

B. ✘
Both Nickle and Platinum is the catalyst of the Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.

C.
As electrons flow from electrode B to electrode A, it means that electrode B is the anode and oxidation occur, thus
gas Y is H2(g) which cannot be obtained from fractional distillation of liquid air.

D. ✘
As electrons flow from electrode B to electrode A, it means that electrode B is the anode and oxidation occur, thus
gas Y is Hydrogen gas.

Therefore, only H# (g) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H# 𝑂(𝑙)will occur at electrode B.

A. ✘

B. ✘

C.
B A B Y H2(g)

D. ✘
B A B Y

B H# (g) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H# 𝑂(𝑙)

29
Question 30

A. ✘
As electrons are released at X, it indicates that electrode X is the anode of the fuel call and oxidation occur instead.

B. ✘
Only hydrogen is the fuel of the cell. Oxygen acts as oxidant in the fuel cell.

C. ✘
As electrons flow from electrode X to electrode Y, current flow from electrode Y to electrode X instead. (Electrons
and current flow in an opposite direction.)

D.
As the only product of the fuel cell is water, which will not cause any pollution, this fuel cell is environmentally
friendly.

A. ✘
X X .

B. ✘

C. ✘
X Y Y X ( )

D.

30
Question 31

Mark

(a) 1

(b) (i) H# (g) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H# O(l) + 2e" 1

(ii) O# (g) + 2H# O(l) + 4e" → 4OH" (aq) 1

(c) (i) Disagree: Hydrogen gas used is produced from fossil fuels such as steam reforming of natural 1
gas / Electrical energy is consumed in the production of Hydrogen from electrolysis of water.

Agree: Hydrogen gas can be obtained from renewable sources like solar energy.

(ii) Only water is produced from the Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell / No carbon dioxide / Sulphur 1
dioxide / Nitrogen oxides / Carbon monoxide / unburnt hydrocarbon in the exhaust.

(a) 1

(b) (i) H# (g) + 2OH" (aq) → 2H# O(l) + 2e" 1

(ii) O# (g) + 2H# O(l) + 4e" → 4OH" (aq) 1

(c) (i) / 1

(ii) / / / / / 1

31
Question 32

(1)

(2) ✘
Both Zinc carbon cells and alkaline manganese cells are primary cells which cannot be recharged.

(3)

(1)

(2) ✘

(3)

Question 33

(1)
As Sliver oxide cell is small, it is potable and light.

(2) ✘

(3)

(1)

(2) ✘

(3)

32
Question 34

(1) ✘

(2)

(3)
A cell that produces electricity is a electrochemical cell, thus the positive electrode of a electrochemical cell is the
cathode.

(1) ✘

(2)

(3)

Question 35

(1)
It can be recharged, thus a secondary cell.

(2) ✘
It cannot be recharged, thus it is a primary cell.

(3) ✘
It cannot be recharged, thus it is a primary cell.

(1)

(2) ✘

(3) ✘

33
Question 36

A. ✘
As Zinc carbon cell does not have a constant voltage over discharge.

B.

C. ✘
Although Nickle metal hydride cell is a secondary cell and can be recharged, it has a very short shelf life.

D. ✘
Lithium-ion cell is very expensive and large in size.

A. ✘

B.

C. ✘

D. ✘
順

Question 37

(1)
Alkaline Manganese call is a primary cell which cannot be recharged.

(2) ✘
Its voltage falls slowly instead.

(3)

(1)

(2) ✘

(3)

34
Question 38

(1) ✘
Lead-acid battery is a secondary cell; therefore, it can be recharged after used.

(2)

(3)

(1) ✘

(2)

(3)

Question 39

(1)
Sliver oxide cell is a primary cell, thus it cannot be recharged after use.

(2) ✘
Sliver oxide cell s voltage remain constant over discharge.

(3)

(1)

(2) ✘

(3)

35
Question 40

Mark

(a) A cell that can be recharged/ charged again/ charged a few times/ after use. 1

NOT accept answers like " be charged one more time ".

(b) It can provide a high current/ voltage/ power to start up the engine. 1

NOT accept " energy ", " electrical energy ".

(c) Lead/ Lead compounds are toxic/ harmful./ Sulphuric acid is corrosive/ irritant. 1

NOT accept answers like " lead compounds are pollutants/ heavy metal"

NOT accept answers like " acid cause harm the environment ",

Accept answers like " acid kills aquatic organisms ".

(d) (i) Pour a small amount of the concentrated sulphuric acid to a large amount of water 1,1

(distilled water also acceptable).

Accept answers like " Add concentrated sulphuric acid to a large amount of water".

Constant stirring is required (if the amounts of water and acid are not mentioned)

NOT accept " large amount of acid to small amount of water "

Wear goggle/ face shield/ safety spectacles/ safety glasses/ gloves 1

NOT accept " personal protective equipment ", " laboratory gown or coat ".
#.(#
(ii) Number of mole of sulphuric acid: )*.+ = 0.0257 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1*
,.,#(-
Molarity of sulphuric acid: (.(÷+,,, = 4.67 M 1

36
(a) / / 1

(b) / / 1

(c) / / / / 1

(d) (i) 1,1

( )

( )

/ / / 1

#.(#
(ii) = 0.0257 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1*
)*.+

,.,#(-
= 4.67 M 1
(.(÷+,,,

37
Question 41

Mark

(a) A cell that cannot be recharged/ is non-rechargeable. 1

(b) (i) H# (g) + 2 OH" (aq) → 2 H# O(l) + 2 e" 1

(Do not accept: H# (g) → 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" )

(ii) Hydrogen is flammable/ explosive. / Concentrated KOH is corrosive./ 1

Hydrogen/ oxygen / gas is difficult to store / transport.

(Do not accept: Need adding hydrogen / oxygen continuously to work. /

The electrode is made of platinum which is expensive. / The fuel cell is bulky.)

(c) (i) O# (g) + 2 H# O(l) + 4 e" → 4 OH" (aq) 1

(ii) 4 Al(s) + 3 O# (g) + 6 H# O(l) → 4 Al(OH)% (s) 1

(Do not accept ionic equation.)

(iii) Electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide 1

(Do not accept: Electrolysis of moltern ore / salt)

(Accept: Electrolysis of melted / liquid aluminium oxide /

Add Al2O3 (s) to HCL(aq) to give Al3+(aq) and then add Mg(s) (but not K, Na, Ca).)

38
(a) / 1

(b) (i) H# (g) + 2 OH" (aq) → 2 H# O(l) + 2 e" 1

( H# (g) → 2 H ! (aq)
+2e ) "

(ii) / / KOH / 1

/ / /

( / /

/ )

(c) (i) O# (g) + 2 H# O(l) + 4 e" → 4 OH" (aq) 1

(ii) 4 Al(s) + 3 O# (g) + 6 H# O(l) → 4 Al(OH)% (s) 1

( )

(iii) 1

( / )

( / /

Al2O3 (s) HCl(aq) Al3+(aq) Mg(s) ( K, Na, Ca).)

39
MINI QUESTION BANK

Question 1

Oxidation occur at Zn electrode: Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2 e"

Reduction occur at Cu electrode: Cu#! (aq) + 2 e" → Cu(s)

(1) ✘ Cu2+ rather than H+ is reduced at beaker (2).

(2) Zn is negative electrode while Cu is positive electrode.

(3) Zn electrode dissolve to form Zn2+ (aq).

Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2 e"

Cu Cu#! (aq) + 2 e" → Cu(s)

(1) ✘ (2) Cu2+ H+

(2) Zn Cu

(3) Zn Zn2+(aq)

40
Question 2
(.,
No. of mole of Zn = /(.& = 0.0765 𝑚𝑜𝑙
+,,
No. of mole of Cu2+ initially = 1 × +,,, = 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Mole ratio of Zn : Cu = 1 : 1

No. of mole of Cu2+ finally = 0.1 − 0.0765 = 0.0235 𝑚𝑜𝑙

+,,
Concentration of Cu2+ = 0.0235 ÷ +,,, = 0.235 𝑀

(.,
Zn = /(.& = 0.0765 𝑚𝑜𝑙
+,,
Cu2+ = 1 × +,,, = 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Zn Cu =1 1

Cu2+ = 0.1 − 0.0765 = 0.0235 𝑚𝑜𝑙

+,,
Cu2+ = 0.0235 ÷ +,,, = 0.235 𝑀

Question 3

(1)

(2) ✘ H+ rather than Cu2+ is reduced at beaker (2). H+ is a weaker oxidizing agent than Cu2+.

(3) It increase the conductivity of the solution.

(1)

(2) ✘ (2) H+ Cu2+ H+ Cu2+

(3)

41
Question 4

Cathode = reduction = gain electron. A and D are wrong.

PbSO& (s) is formed during reduction. C and D are wrong.

= = A D

PbSO& (s) C D

Question 5

(1) ✘ SO32- may undergo oxidation and disturb the reaction.

(2) Salt bridge is soaked with electrolyte to complete the circuit.

(3) ✘ Salt bridge cannot physically separate two electrolyte. This is the function of porous pot.

(1) ✘ SO32-

(2)

(3) ✘

Question 6

(1) It cannot be recharged.

(2) ✘ The number of mole of OH_ consumed at anode is equal to that produced at cathode.

(3) ✘ In alkaline medium, it should be H# (g) + 2 OH" (aq) → 2 H# O(l) + 2 e"

(1)

(2) ✘ OH- OH-

(3) ✘ H# (g) + 2 OH" (aq) → 2 H# O(l) + 2 e"

42
Question 7

(1) ✘ It is a problem when there is two half-cell without connection by salt bridge. Ion can move freely here.

(2) Zn react with copper(II) sulphate solution directly.

(3) Cu deposit on surface of Zn and stop the reaction quickly.

(1) ✘

(2) Zn (II)

(3) Cu Zn

43
Question 8

Reduction at electrode A: Cr# O#" ! " %!

- (aq) + 14 H (aq) + 6 e → 2 Cr (aq) + 7 H# O(l)

Oxidation at electrode B: 2 I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2 e"

Reduction at electrode C: 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g)

Oxidation at electrode D: Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2 e"

Displacement reaction at electrode D: Zn(s) + Fe#! (aq) → Zn#! (aq) + Fe (s)

(1) ✘ Graphite will not participate in reaction. (despite oxygen evolved at that electrode)

(2) Iodine formed at electrode B dissolve in water.

(3) ✘ Hydrogen gas but no solid form at electrode C.

A Cr# O#" ! " %!

- (aq) + 14 H (aq) + 6 e → 2 Cr (aq) + 7 H# O(l)

B 2 I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2 e"

C 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g)

D Zn(s) → Zn#! (aq) + 2 e"

D Zn(s) + Fe#! (aq) → Zn#! (aq) + Fe (s)

(1) ✘ ( )

(2) B

(3) ✘ C

44
Question 9

Reduction at electrode A: Cr# O#" ! " %!

- (aq) + 14 H (aq) + 6 e → 2 Cr (aq) + 7 H# O(l)

Oxidation at electrode B: 2 I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2 e"

Reduction at electrode C: 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g)

Displacement reaction at electrode C: Zn(s) + Fe#! (aq) → Zn#! (aq) + Fe (s)

Oxidation at electrode D: Fe(s) → Fe#! (aq) + 2 e"

(1) ✘ Iodine formed at electrode B.

(2) Silvery iron form on Zn electrode.

(3) ✘ Fe at electrode oxidized to form Fe2+ but not the Fe2+ in solution oxidized to yellow Fe3+.

A Cr# O#" ! " %!

- (aq) + 14 H (aq) + 6 e → 2 Cr (aq) + 7 H# O(l)

B 2 I" (aq) → I# (aq) + 2 e"

C 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g)

C Zn(s) + Fe#! (aq) → Zn#! (aq) + Fe (s)

D Fe(s) → Fe#! (aq) + 2 e"

(1) ✘ B

(2)

(3) ✘ Fe Fe2+ Fe2+ Fe3+

45
Question 10

Beaker 1: Mg(aq) + 2 H! (aq) → Mg #! (aq) + H# (g)

Beaker 2: Mg(aq) + 2 H! (aq) → Mg #! (aq) + H# (g)

Beaker 3: Mg(aq) + Cu#! (aq) → Mg #! (aq) + Cu(s)

Cu is lower than H2 in electrochemical series. Voltage produced by cell: 3 > 1 = 2.

1 Mg(aq) + 2 H! (aq) → Mg #! (aq) + H# (g)

2 Mg(aq) + 2 H! (aq) → Mg #! (aq) + H# (g)

3 Mg(aq) + Cu#! (aq) → Mg #! (aq) + Cu(s)

Cu H2 3>1=2

Question 11

Silvery metal deposit on Pd electrode à Pd#! (aq) + 2 e" → Pd(s) (reduction)

Oxidation at Ni electrode: Ni(s) → Ni#! (aq) + 2 e"

(1) ✘ Ni(s) is oxidized and is the reducing agent

(2) Ni electrode is negative

(3) Since Pd but not H2 form at Pd electrode, it show Pd is lower than H2 in electrochemical series.

Pd à Pd#! (aq) + 2 e" → Pd(s) ( )

Ni(s) → Ni#! (aq) + 2 e"

(1) ✘ Ni(s)

(2) Ni

(3) Pd Pd H2 Pd H2

46
Question 12

Reduction occur at X: Ni#! (aq) + 2 e" → Ni(s)

Oxidation occur at Y : Ni(s) → Ni#! (aq) + 2 e"

(1) ✘ Electron flow from Y to X.

(2) Difference of concentration decrease with time.

(3) ✘ Nickel electrode dissolve to form Ni2+ (aq)

X Ni#! (aq) + 2 e" → Ni(s)

Y Ni(s) → Ni#! (aq) + 2 e"

(1) ✘ Y X

(2)

(3) ✘ Ni2+ (aq)

47
Question 13

From cell 1, R > Q

From cell 2, Q > S

From cell 3, R > T

Since magnitude of voltage of 1 > 3, difference in electrochemical series of R/Q is larger than R/T. Q is lower than R in
electrochemical series.

Therefore, the order is R > T > Q > S

1 R>Q

2 Q>S

3 R>T

1>3 R/Q R/T Q R

R>T>Q>S

Question 14

Most electric vehicle use lithium-ion cell nowadays because it is light and has high energy density compared to lead acid
accumulator (which is used as a starter battery in petrol vehicle only).

( )

48
Question 15

Mark

(a) From silver electrode to copper electrode. 1

Cu is more reactive than Ag/ Cuu lose electron more readily than Ag/ Cu is higher than Ag in 1
electrochemical series/ Cu is a stronger reducing agent than Ag.

(b) Copper electrode: Cu(s) → Cu#! + 2 e" 1

Silver electrode: Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s) 1

(c) Silvery metal deposit/ size of silver electrode increase. 1

Ag+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than H+ / Ag+ is lower than H+ in electrochemical series. 1

(d) Similarity: Allow movement of mobile ion between two half cells to maintain the neutrality of 1
solution / to complete the circuit

Difference: Salt bridge provides ion to balance excess charge, but porous pot does not provide
1
extra ion.

(e) The suggestion of students may not be able to increase the voltage of cell. 1

Aluminium has an oxide layer on its surface which is an impermeable insulator prevent 1
aluminium contact with the electrolyte.

(a) 1

Cu Ag / Cu Ag 終 / Cu Ag / Cu Ag 1

(b) Cu(s) → Cu#! + 2 e" 1

Ag ! (aq) + e" → Ag(s) 1

(c) / 1

Ag+ H+ / Ag+ H+ 1

(d) / 1

(e) 1

49
Question 16

Mark

(a) Zn is a stronger reducing agent than H2. / Zn is higher than H2 in electrochemical series. 1

(b) 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g) 1

(c) No color change in the solution as it is still acidic despite the decrease in [H+ (aq)] 1

(d) (i) The electron flow reversely/ from compartment A to B in external circuit 1

H2 is a stronger reducing agent than Br-. / H2 is higher than Br- in electrochemical series. 1

(ii) H# (g) → 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" 1

(iii) Color intensity of brown solution decrease/ become paler/ fades. 1

(a) Zn H2 / Zn H2 1

(b) 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" → H# (g) 1

(c) [H+ (aq)] 1

(d) (i) / A B 1

H2 Br- / H2 Br- 1

(ii) H# (g) → 2 H! (aq) + 2 e" 1

(iii) / / 1

50
Question 17

Mark

(a) Ag, Cu 1

,.%/
(b) (i) No. of mole of Cu oxidized at Cu electrode = /%.( = 5.67 × 10"% 1*

Each mole Cu lose 2 mole of electron

No. of mole of electron passing through circuit = 5.67 × 10"% × 2 = 0.0113 𝑚𝑜𝑙

No. of electron passing through circuit= 0.0113 × 6.02 × 10#% = 6.83 × 10#+ 1

(ii) The no. of mole of Mg dissolve is more than no. of mole of Cu deposit. 1

because Mg reacts with H2SO4 (aq) directly (to form Mg2+ (aq)). 1

(iii) Decrease. Cu2+ (aq) reduced to form Cu at Cu electrode. 1

(c) (i) Decrease (with same sign) 1

(ii) Become negative (while magnitude unchanged) 1

(a) Ag, Cu 1
,.%/
(b) (i) Cu Cu = /%.( = 5.67 × 10"% 1*

Cu 終2

= 5.67 × 10"% × 2 = 0.0113 𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.0113 × 6.02 × 10#% = 6.83 × 10#+ 1

(ii) Mg Cu 1

Mg H2SO4 (aq) ( Mg2+ (aq)). 1

(iii) Cu2+ (aq) Cu Cu 1

(c) (i) ( ) 1

(ii) ( ) 1

51
Question 18

Mark

(a) Pt can catalyze the reaction. 1

Porous structure can increase the surface area and the catalytic effect of catalyst, 1

(b) (i) CH% OH(l) + 6 OH" (aq) → CO# (g) + 5 H# O(g) + 6 e" 1

(ii) 2 CH% OH(l) + 3 O# (g) → 2 CO# (g) + 4 H# O(l) 1

(iii) Combustion occurs muchmore rapidlyy than in reaction in fuel cell. / 1

Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy in combustion while chemical energy is (1)
converted into electrical energy in fuel cell.

(c) Advantage: Liquid methanol is easier to transport than hydrogen gas. 1

Disadvantage: Methanol fuel cell produces greenhouse gases CO2 (g) but hydrogen-oxygen fuel 1
cell produces water only which is not greenhouse gas.

(d) Biomass/ Natural Gas 1

(a) Pt 1

(b) (i) CH% OH(l) + 6 OH" (aq) → CO# (g) + 5 H# O(g) + 6 e" 1

(ii) 2 CH% OH(l) + 3 O# (g) → 2 CO# (g) + 4 H# O(l) 1

(iii) 1

(1)

(c) 1

CO2(g) 1

(d) / 1

52