MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SECTION–A

1. (a) Find the centroidal coordinates of an area (e) A bolt is loaded with an axial pull of 12 kN
bounded by the following curves : (12 M) along with a transverse shear force of 6 kN.
y=4 Find the diameter of the bolt required,
x = 20 according to
y2 = 4x (i) the maximum principal stress theory.
(b) Draw the shear force and bending moment (ii) the maximum shear stress theory. (12 M)
diagrams for the following beam : (12 M) Take permissible tensile stress at elastic
1 kN- m point = 100 MPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3.
2. (a) A rectangular case is loaded with uniform
vertical thin rods such that when it is full, as
shown in the figure (a), the case has a total
5m 5m weight of 1000 N. The case weighs 100 N when
(c) Define kinematic chain. empty and has a coefficient of static friction
Find all the inversions of the chain shown in 0.3 with the floor as shown in the diagram. A
the figure. (12 M) force T of 200 N is maintained on the case. If
the rods are unloaded from the left end as
shown in the figure (b), what is the limiting
12 mm value of x for equilibrium to be maintained ?
(20 M)
10 mm
6m x T
3 mm
8 mm
(d) The rotor of a turbojet engine has a mass of 10 m
250 kg and a radius of gyration of 25 cm. The
engine rotates at a speed of 12000 rpm in the  s= 0.3
clockwise direction if viewed from the front
of the aeroplane. The plane while flying at
1500 km/hr turns with a radius of 2 km to the (b) What is planetary or epicyclic gear train ?
right. Compute the gyroscopic moment the In the gear train shown in the figure, the
rotor exerts on the plane structure. Also, wheel gear C is fixed. The gear B is connected
determine whether the nose of the plane tends to the input shaft, and gear F is connected to
to rise or fall when the plane turns. (12 M) the output shaft. The arm A, carrying the
compound gears D and E, turns freely on the
p 2 km output shaft. If the input shaft speed is 1000
s rpm in the counter clockwise (ccw) direction
when seen from the right, determine the speed
of the output shaft. The number of teeth on
each gear is indicated in the figure. (20 M)
 D

C
60T

E Input W
A 30T
(b) Free vibration amplitude of a 500 kg machine
Output
mounted on an isolator consisting of a spring
F 20T and damping element (viscous) is shown in
the figure. The time period is also shown in
32T the figure. Find out the characteristics of the
isolator i.e.,
80T (i) natural frequency of the system.
(c) An internal expanding shoe brake has a (ii) stiffness of the spring.
diameter of 320 mm and a width of 30 mm. (iii) damping coefficient of the isolator. (20 M)
The actuating forces are equal. The maximum
pressure is not to exceed 80 kN/m 2 . In 5 mm
reference to the figure given below, the values
of various parameters are as follows : x 2.00
1 = 15° 0.75
0.30 0.10
0 t (in seconds)
2 = 145°
1.2 0.50 0.20
a = 220 mm
c = 125 mm 3.75 0.64 s
Determine the actuating force and the braking
torque if the value of the coefficient of friction (c) A shaft is supported on two bearings 0.8 m
is 0.32. (12 M) apart as shown in the figure.
Trailing
A pulley of diameter 0.2 m is mounted on the
Leading ( Secondary)
(Primary) shoe shoe shaft whfch takes the power from vertical belt
drive. The shaft also carries another pulley,
Drum which transmits power to a machine. The
F F
diameter of the pulley is 0.4 m and it is placed
to the right hand side of the right bearing at a
distance of 0.3 m from the bearing. Both the
a 2 Q pulleys contain flat belt at right angles to each
other having tension ratio of 2.5 : 1. If
c the maximum tension in the belt is limited to
1
3000 N, find the shaft diameter. (20 M)
O1 Given : Allowable shear stress = 44 MN/m2
O2
kb = Combined shock and fatigue factor applied
3. (a) Three wires each of 5 mm diameter are used to bending = 1.4
to lift a load of W = 7500 N. An indicative
kf = Combined shock and fatigue factor applied
diagram is shown below. The unstressed
to torsional moment = 1.2
lengths of the three wires are 18 m, 17.997 m
and 17.994 m.  0.4 m

Find
(i) the stress in the longest wire.
+
(ii) the stress in the shortest wire if the load 1 A 2 B
is reduced to 2000 N. (20 M) 0.4 m 0.4 m 0.3 m
Take E = 2.1 x 105 Nimm2
4. (a) A simply supported beam of length 6 m is SECTION–B
loaded with a couple-moment of 20 kN-m at
the right end as shown in the figure. 5. (a) What do you mean by Atomic Packing Factor?
Determine Find the volume of unit cell and atomic packing
factor for face-centred cubic structure having
(i) the equation for elastic deflection.
atomic radius ‘R’. (12 M)
(ii) the maximum deflection.
(b) A pipe of annealed steel with internal diameter
(iii) the slope at the ends. (20 M) of 60 mm and wall thickness of 3.0 mm is to
Take E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 be reduced down to the internal diameter of
I = 3000 cm4 54 mm and wall thickness 2.0 mm. Die angle
used for pipe drawing is 30°,  = 0.1 and
M = 20 kN-m
draft = 3.1. Compare the drawing force on
the plug and the movable mandrels. Given :
0 = 240 N/mm2. (12 M)
6m
(b) The turning moment diagram for a mult- (c) (i) Write the basic assumptions of Linear
icylinder engine is to be drawn to a vertical Programming Problem.
scale of 1 mm = 650 Nm and a horizontal scale (ii) There are two suppliers X and Y producing
of 1 mm = 4.5°. The areas above and below the a product used in automobiles. The
mean torque line are – 28, + 380, – 260, + 310, suppliers X and Y can produce maximum
– 300, + 242, – 380, + 265 and – 229 mm2. 100 and 60 units of the product per day,
The fluctuation of speed is limited to ± 1.8% respectively. Buyers A and B consume 50
of the mean speed which is 400 rpm. The and 110 units of the product per day,
density of the rim material is 7000 kg/m3 and respectively. The transportation costs
the width of the rim is 4.5 times its thickness. from supplier X to buyers A and B are
The centrifugal stress in the rim material is Rs. 30 and Rs. 50 per unit of the product,
limited to 6 N/mm2. Neglecting the effect of respectively. Similarly, the transportation
boss and arm, determine the diameter and costs from supplier Y to buyers A and B
cross-section of the flywheel rim. The turning are Rs. 20 and Rs. 80 per unit of the
moment diagram may be drawn free-hand. product, respectively. Formulate the
(20 M) Linear Programming Problem to
minimize the transportation cost.
(c) Two flat plates subjected to a tensile force P
are connected together by means of double- (4+8 M)
strap butt joint as shown in the figure. The (d) List down the requirements that govern the
force P is 250 kN and the width of the plate w selection of actuator sizing for a motion axis
is 200 mm. The rivets and plates are made of in a mechatronic equipment. Will the
same steel and the permissible stresses in requirements remain same for different types
tension, compression and shear are 70, 100 of actuators ? Justify the answer. (12 M)
and 60 N/mm2, respectively. Calculate (e) Discuss the importance of Fault Tree Analysis
(i) the diameter of the rivets, (FTA). Construct a FTA for a windowless
(ii) the thickness of the plates, room that contains one switch and two light-
bulbs. Assume that the top fault event is dark
(iii) the dimension of the seam viz. p, Pt and m,
room. (12 M)
(iv) the efficiency of the joint. (20 M)
6. (a) (i) Discuss the applications of straight
Y X
polarity and reverse polarity in welding.
(ii) Write the functions of flux used in welding
p
P w P process.
(iii) Calculate the melting efficiency in the case
of arc welding of steel with a potential
Y X 25 V and current 180 Amp. The travel speed
m pt is 4 mm/sec and cross-sectional area of
t/2
t the joint is 16 mm2. Heat required to melt
steel may be taken as 12 Joule/mm3 and
t/2 heat transfer efficiency as 0.80. (20 M)
 (b) (i) Differentiate between True stress-strain (b) For the below given 3 DOF (Degree of
and Engineering stress-strain, using a Freedom) arm, determine the forward
stress-strain diagram for mild steel. kinematic model, using D-H algorithm.
(ii) A cylindrical specimen of alloy steel having Clearly indicate the assumptions, if any, to
an original diameter of 12 mm is subjected derive the kinematic model. (20 M)
to a tensile load of 60 kN. If the
instantaneous cross-sectional diameter of
10 mm and elongation observed is 10%,
determine the true stress and strain 3
hardening exponent ‘n’ in true stress- d2
strain diagram. The value of tensile
strength (K) is given as 1035 MPa.(12 M) 1
(c) A rotational mechanical system representing
motor trailer is shown below. Derive the
system of differential equation and the (c) As an engineer, you were supplied with the
transfer function. (20 M) two tapered parts as shown below whose taper
2 is to be measured using standard balls and
K1 K2 rollers.
T
J1 J2

1
B1 B2
where, T is a torque applied to the free end Job-1 Job-2
1 is an angular displacement of rotor with
moment of inertia J1 Elaborate the steps necessary to measure the
taper angles of these parts. Provide the list
B1 is the damping coefficient of torsional
of instruments and materials required, with
damper
detailed mathematical derivation for the
K1 is the torsional spring stiffness
measurement. Specify the precautions you
K2 is the torsional spring stiffness need to take while measuring the angles.
B2 is the torsional damping coefficient (20 M)
02 is the angular displacement of rotor with 8. (a) (i) The position of a point P of a rigid body
moment of inertia J2. B is located at BP = [1, 2, 3]T. Determine
7. (a) (i) The demand for an item in a company is the global position after rotation 30°
observed as 15,000 units per year and the about X-axis and then 45° about Y-axis.
production capacity of the plant is 2,000 (8 M)
units per month. The set-up cost is (ii) If a homogeneous transformation matrix
Rs. 800 and the inventory holding cost is T is given by
Rs. 25 per unit per year. The shortage cost
of one unit is given as Rs. 250 per year.  c  c  s  s s  ac 
 
Determine the economic batch quantity s  c c sc a s 
and the number of shortages. Also, 0 s c d 
determine the cycle time, production time,  
and utilization percentage.  0 0 0 1 

(ii) Discuss the classification of inventory Determine its inverse, using concepts of
items such as ABC analysis, SDE, VED rigid body motion. (10 M)
and FSN. (20 M)
(b) (i) Discuss the failure rate model having Armature resistance = 1.5 
Burn-in period, Useful life period and Wear- Determine the maximum output torque,
out period. maximum output power, maximum
armature voltage and no-load motor
(ii) Shwo the relationship between failure rate
speed. Assume that the frictional torque
(), Reliability (R), pdf (f) and cdf (F). is zero. (10 M)
(iii) Twenty machines have been operated for (ii) What are the important components of
100 hours. One machine fails in 70 hours Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)?
and another in 80 hours. What is the List down the differences between PLCs
mean time between failure and reliability and computers in terms of program and
at 500 hours? Assume the constant failure memory used, power supply and its
rate for the above machines. (20 M) disruption, and flexibility in operation.
(c) (i) The armature controlled DC motor has (10 M)
the following ratings:
KT = 0.08 Nm/A, Maximum current = 3A
K e = 0.06 V rad/s, Maximum speed
= 600 rad/s