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Unit V Examination Questions Acronyms
• Output Data Analysis
• Stochastic Nature of Output Data
• Types of Simulation with respect to Output Analysis
• Measures of Performance and their Estimation
• Output Analysis for Terminating Simulations
• Output Analysis for Steady – State Simulations
Comparison and Evaluation of Alternative System Designs:
• Comparison of Several System Designs
• Statistical Models for Estimating
the Effect of Design Alternatives
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1. What are the Objectives of Output Analysis.
2. Discuss the types of Simulation with respect to Output Analysis.
3. Write about Output Analysis for Terminating Simulations.
4. Write about Output Analysis for Steady-State Simulations (2).
5. Discuss about Measures of Performance and their Estimation.
6. Discuss about Statistical Models for Estimating the Effect of Design
Alternatives.
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Acronyms
Acronym Expansion
ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance
KPI Key Performance Indicators
RoI Return of Investment
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Output Data Analysis
Examine and Interpret Data
Generated by
Simulation / Model to
Understand System Performance
Make Informed Decisions
Involves Analyzing Data
To Understand Behavior of System
Compare Different Designs
Draw Conclusions
about its Efficiency and Effectiveness
Evaluate Performance Measures like
Average Time in a System
Variability of Output
No. of Units Produced
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Stochastic Nature of Output Data
Presence of
Randomness
Uncertainty
in the Outputs
of System / Model
Output Values
Not Fixed
Deterministic
Follow Probability Distribution
Resulting in Range of Possible Outcomes
Types of Simulation with respect to Output Analysis
• Terminating / Transient Simulations
• Steady-State Simulations
Terminating / Transient Simulations:
• Designed to
Run for Fixed Period
Until Particular Event Happens
• Focuses on System's Behavior
During Specific Time Frame
Until the Event Occurs
• Examples
Simulating
Production Line
until Machine Breaks Down
Bank's Operations
for Specific Day
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Types of Simulation with respect to Output Analysis
Steady-State Simulations:
• Run for Long Duration
Allow the System
to reach Stable State
• Focuses on Long-run Characteristics of the System
Average Performance Measures
Probability Distribution of Certain Variables
• Examples
Simulating
Customer Service Queue
to Analyze Average Waiting Times
Probability of Certain No. of Customers
in Line
Measures of Performance and Their Estimation
Assess Organization’s
Efficiency and Effectiveness
in Achieving Goals
Uses Metrics and Indicators
to Track Progress
Identify Areas for
Improvement
Support Decision-Making
Estimated through
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Reporting
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Types of Performance Measures:
• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
• Financial Performance Metrics
• Operational Performance Metrics
• Customer Satisfaction Metrics
• Employee Performance Metrics
Methods for Estimating Performance:
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis
• Reporting
• Benchmarking
• Continuous Improvement Initiatives
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Output Analysis for Terminating Simulations
Relies on
Independent Replications of the Simulation
to Estimate Performance Measures
Each Replication
Uses Unique Random Number Stream
Different Initial Condition
Results Statistically Analyzed to Provide
Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals
for Desired Performance Metrics
Output Analysis for Terminating Simulations,
Ismail Basoglu, Ozyegin University, Turkey – 10M
https://youtu.be/RUSMy5g7GTg
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Output Analysis for Steady–State Simulations
Focuses on
Statistically Analyzing Simulation Results
to Estimate
Long-Run
Steady-State
Characteristics of Non-terminating System
Involves Analyzing Output Data
to Estimate Parameters
like Mean and Variance
of Relevant Performance Measures
Goal
To Understand System's Behavior
Over Long Term,
Independent of Initial Conditions
Output Analysis for Terminating Vs Steady–State Simulations,
Prof. Linda Weiser Friedman,
Baruch College of the City University of New York - 28M
https://youtu.be/pXEWFNYK1IA 11
Alternative System Design
Exploring and Evaluating
Multiple Design Options for System
to Find the Best Fit for
Requirements
Desired Outcomes
Involves
Generating Various Design Alternatives
Analyzing Strengths and Weaknesses
Making Trade-offs to Arrive
at the Most Suitable Solution
Key Aspects of Alternative System Design:
• Design Space Exploration
• Iterative Process
• Trade-offs
• Techniques
• System Architecture
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Comparison and Evaluation of Alternative System Designs:
Systematically Analyze
Different Design Options
based on Specific Criteria
to Determine Most Suitable Approach
Ensure Final Design
Effectively Meets Requirements
Optimizes Performance
Minimizes Risks
Key Steps:
• Define the Problem and Requirements
• Generate Design Alternatives
• Identify Evaluation Criteria
• Evaluate Alternatives
• Select the Best Alternative
• Test and Refine the Selected Alternative
• Implement and Monitor the Selected Alternative
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Comparison of Several System Designs
Evaluate Different Approaches
based on Pre-Defined Criteria, such as
Functionality
Performance
Maintainability
Identify the Best Design for Specific Need
Factors like
Cost
Risk
Scalability
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Statistical Models for Estimating the Effect of Design Alternatives
• ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance)
Compare the Means of No. of Groups
Representing Different Design Choices
Determine Differences in Means
Due to
Design
Random Variation
• Regression Analysis
Relationship between
One / More Independent Variables (Design Alternatives)
Dependent Variable (Outcome of Interest)
Predict
Changes in Design Variables
Affect the Outcome
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