Elements of Music

1.Tonality: The overall sound of the Music

as pleasant or unpleasant.

2.Dynamics: How loud or soft the Music is.

3.Melody: A Series of pitches that makes a

tune.

4.Rhythm: How long or short a sound is.

5.Harmony: The instruments that support

the melody with chords.

6.Form: The order and arrangement of the

parts of the Music.

7.Timbre: The Unique sound quality of an

instrument or sound.
8.Texture: The layers of sound, how sparse
or dense the music is.

9.Pitch: How high or low a sound is.

10.Tempo: The Speed of the Music.

11.Beat: The main rhythmic pattern in a

piece of music.

12.Pulse: Is the beat in a piece of music.

13.Music: Music is a form of art that uses

sound in organized pattern to create
Rhythm, Melody, Harmony or Expression
of emotions.

14.Structure: Refers to the way a piece is

built and what order sections are in.

15.Duration: The length of a sound.

*Note Values: In music notation, a note
value indicates the relative duration of a
note, using the texture or shape of the
notehead, the presence or absence of a
stem, and the presence or absence of
flags/beams/hooks/tails.

*Time Signature: A time signature (also

known as meter signature and measure
signature) is an indication in music
notation that specifies how many note
values of a particular type are contained in
each measure (bar).

*Bar: in music a bar (or measure) is a

single unit of time containing a specific
number of beats played at a particular
tempo. Bars are designated by vertical bar
lines that run perpendicular to the staff,
indicating the beginning and end of the
bar.

*Difference between single and double

bar line?
Single bar line: A single vertical line that
indicates the end of one bar and the
beginning of another. 2. Double bar line:
Two side-by-side vertical lines, indicating
the end of one section and the beginning
of another.

*What is a staff in music?

The stave (or staff) is the foundation upon
which notes are drawn. The modern staff
comprises five lines and four spaces. The
modern stave comprises five lines and
four spaces. Every line or space on the
staff represents a white key on the
keyboard.
*Difference between Treble, Bass and
Grand staff?
The treble clef, or G clef, is used for the
higher sounding notes, usually played with
the right hand. The bass clef, or F clef, is
used for the lower sounding notes, usually
played with the left hand. When the two
staves are joined on the left by a brace,
they are collectively called a grand staff.

*Octave:
An octave is a musical interval of eight
notes. Sing from “do” to “do” — on key —
and you will have an octave. Like octagon
and octopus, the key to an octave is
“eight.” An octave may be the entire eight-
note scale, or just the bottom and top
notes, like C and C.

*Scale: In music theory, a scale is "any

consecutive series of notes that form a
progression between one note and its
octave", typically by order of pitch or
fundamental frequency.

*Frequency is the speed of the vibration,

and this determines the pitch of the
sound. It is only useful or meaningful for
musical sounds, where there is a strongly
regular waveform. Frequency is measured
as the number of wave cycles that occur in
one second. The unit of frequency
measurement is Hertz (Hz for short).

*Intervals: Intervals are a measurement

between two pitches, either vertically or
horizontally. When measuring vertically,
we refer to harmonic intervals because
the two notes sound simultaneously.
When measuring horizontally, we refer to
melodic intervals because the notes occur
one after the other.
*Chord: in music, three or more single
pitches heard simultaneously.

*Major Scale: The major scale (or Ionian

mode) is one of the most commonly used
musical scales, especially in Western
music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like
many musical scales, it is made up of
seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first
at double its frequency so that it is called a
higher octave of the same note (from Latin
"octaves", the eighth). The simplest major
scale to write is C major, the only major
scale not requiring sharps or flats:

*Minor Scale: In western classical music

theory, the minor scale refers to three
scale patterns – the natural minor scale (or
Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale,
and the melodic minor scale (ascending or
descending).

*Natural Minor Scale: A natural minor

scale (or Aeolian mode) is a diatonic scale
that is built by starting on the sixth degree
of its relative major scale. For instance,
the A natural minor scale can be built by
starting on the 6th degree of the C major
scale. Because of this, the key of A minor is
called the relative minor of C major.

*Diatonic and Chromatic: The difference

between diatonic and chromatic scales
comes down to the number of notes in
the scale. While the diatonic scale uses
only seven notes, the chromatic scale uses
all 12 pitches, or note tones, in either
ascending or descending order, separated
by semitones.
*Triad: In music, a triad is a set of three
notes (or "pitch classes") that can be
stacked vertically in thirds.[1] Triads are
the most common chords in Western
music.

*Major Chord: In music theory, a major

chord is a chord that has a root, a major
third, and a perfect fifth. When a chord
comprises only these three notes, it is
called a major triad. For example, the
major triad built on C, called a C major
triad, has pitches C–E–G:

*Minor Chord: In music theory, a minor

chord is a chord that has a root, a minor
third, and a perfect fifth.[2] When a chord
comprises only these three notes, it is
called a minor triad. For example, the
minor triad built on A, called an A minor
triad, has pitches A–C–E:
*Chord Symbols: Some of the symbols
used for chord quality are similar to those
used for interval quality: No symbol, or
sometimes M or Maj for major. m, or min
for minor.

*Voice: A Voice is another name for a

sound or instrument

• 12 notes in Western music: One scale

that goes from C to B, with five
equivalent flats and sharps in
between, makes up pretty much all
the melodies in Western music . 12
notes – C, D, E, F, G, A and B, plus
five flats and equivalent sharps in
between, which are: C sharp/D flat
(they’re the same note, just named
differently depending on what key
signature is being used), D sharp/E
 flat, F sharp/G flat, G sharp/A flat
and A sharp/B flat.

• So the final order of the 12-note

chromatic scale, going upwards, is C,
C sharp/D flat, D, D sharp/E flat, E,
F F sharp/G flat, G, G sharp/A flat, A,
A sharp/B flat, and B

*Sharp and Flat: In music, sharp

means higher in pitch. The sharp
symbol, ♯, indicates that the note to
which the symbol is applied is played
one semitone higher. The opposite
of sharp is flat , indicating a lowering
of pitch. The ♯ symbol derives from a
square form of the letter b.

*Accidental: In musical notation, an

accidental is a symbol that indicates
an alteration of a given pitch. The
most common accidentals are the
flat (♭) and the sharp (♯), which
represent alterations of a semitone,
and the natural (♮), which cancels a
sharp or flat. Accidentals alter the
pitch of individual scale tones in a
given key signature; the sharps or
flats in the key signature itself are
not considered accidentals.

*Semitone: A semitone (sometimes

called a half tone or a half step) is the
distance from a white key to a
neighboring black key on the piano
keyboard—for example, from G to G-
sharp or from E to E-flat.

*Tone: : a musical interval (such as

C–D or C–B♭) comprising two half
steps. called also tone or whole step.
*Key signature: key signature, in
musical notation, the arrangement of
sharp or flat signs on particular lines
and spaces of a musical staff to
indicate that the corresponding
notes, in every octave, are to be
consistently raised (by sharps) or
lowered (by flats) from their natural
pitches.

*Formula of a Major scale: The major

scale follows the formula "whole,
whole, half, whole, whole, whole,
half" or WWHWWWH. Beginning on
the note C and following this pattern
gives us C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C.

*Natural Minor scale formula: The A

natural minor scale is a seven-note
scale consisting of the notes A, B, C,
D, E, F, and G. The distance between
the notes is 2-1-2-2-1-2-2, where 1 is
a half step, and 2 is a whole step.