10 OM strategies (chapter 2) 1.

What is the role of product design focus on recruiting, training, motivating, and retainingin design may take time and affect a company's competitive managed supply chain ensures that products are available shipping, guaranteeing on-time deliveries How does a
and service design in operations management? Provide an employees with the necessary skills to meet organizational position. 2. Quality Management Strategy Advantages: • when needed. meeting customer demands promptly. company compete through differentiation? Answer:
example. Answer: Product and service design is a key factor needs. Well-designed jobs lead to higher productivity, Increases Customer Satisfaction: Quality management Example: Walmart uses an advanced supply chain system to A`company competes through differentiation by offering
in operations management as it determines the quality, cost, employee satisfaction, and lower turnover. Efficient job ensures that products or services meet consistent standards, track iventory and optimize the ordering process, allowing it unique products or services that provide higher perceived
and manufacturability of the product or service. The design design ensures employees can work with minimal frustration boosting customer loyalty. - Reduces Costs: Quality to keep costs low and ensure products are always value to customers. This uniqueness can stem from product
process impacts all other OM decisions such as cost, and maximize their contribution to the organization. improvements reduce defects and the costs associated with available, Difficulties: • Complex and Expensive: Managing a features, customer service, brand image, or technological
productivity, and required resources. If the product is poorly Example: Google creates a flexible work environment where returns, repairs, or warranty claims. Example: Toyota uses global supply chain can be complex and costly, requiring innovations EXample 2: Hard Rock Cafe differentiates itself
designed, it will create difficulties in the pre Juction process, employees are encouraged to be creative and contribute Total Quality Management (TQM) to ensure that every car signiicant Investment in technology and processes. • Risk of by offering a unique dining experience that combines music
increasing costs and production time. Example: Apple's new ideas. Jobs at Google are designed to allow employees meets high safety and durability standards, which increases Disruptions: Events such as natural disasters, political and memorabilia with food and beverages. This experience is
iPhone is a prime example of product design. Although its significant autonomy, which improves productivity and customer satisfaction and reduces warranty costs. changes, or shifts in supplier reliability can disrupt the supply marketed as part of the brand, and customers come not just
production cost is high, the minimalist and user-friendly fosters innovation within the company, contributing to its Difficulties: • Initial Investment is High Investing quality chain and increase costs. 8. Inventory Management Strategy for food but for the atmosphere and the experience of being
design helps reduce manufacturing costs decrease operational success. 7. How does supply chain management managements systems, employee training. and technology Advantages: • Reduces Storage Costs: Effective inventory part of the rock-and-roll culture. Result: By blending
production time, and improve quality, while attracting contribute to operational success? Answer: Supply chain can be costly. • Hard to Maintain: Ensuring quality is management helps maintain optimal stock levels, reducing entertainment with dining, Hard Rock Cafe attracts a specific
consumers with advanced features. Apple aiso ensures that management integrates the procurement of materials, consistently maintained over time can be challenging, storage costs and avoiding excess inventory,• Ensures segment of customers, willing to pay a premium for a
the product is easy to mass-produce, which helps save costs suppliers, and delivery mechanisms to ensure that products especially with changes in processes or supply chains. Product Availability: Helps ensûfe that products are available memorable experience that other restaurants do not offer
for each unit. 2. Explain why managing quality is crucial for are available to customers in a timely and cost-effective 3. Process and Capacity Design Strategy Advantages: • to meet customer demand without overstocking .Example: What are the benefits and challenges of competing on cost
achieving competitive advantage. Answer: Managing quality manner. A well-organized supply chain minimizes Increases Production Efficiency: Process and capacity design Dell uses a Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory system to order parts leadership? ○ Benefits: Economies of Scale: Cost leaders
is essential because it helps differentiate the product or disruptions, increases flexibility, and reduces risks in optimize workflows, reduce waste, and lower production only when an order is placed, reducing storage costs and often benefit from economies of scale, enabling them to
service in the eyes of customers, building customer loyalty production and distribution. Example: Walmart uses an costs.• Ensures Market Demand is Met: Proper capacity speeding up the computer assembly process Difficulties: • produce at 1. lower-costs-per unit. W2. Price Advantage:
and sustainable growth. High quality creates value for advanced supply chain management system with forecasting design ensures the company can meet demand without Risk of Stockouts: Tight inventory management can lead to Offering lower prices can attract a larger customer base.
customers and reduces costs by minimizing product defects, software and automation to monitor inventory and optimize under- or over-utilizing resources Example: Amazon designs stockouts if demand unexpectedly increases • Additional Challenges: 1. Maintaining Quality: A focus on cost can
returns, or maintenance. Example: Toyota uses Total Quality the ordering process is helps Walmart keep costs low while its fulfillment center processes with automation and robotics Costs: Maintaining an efficient inventory system requires sometimes lead to compromises in quality. 2. Market
Management (TQM) to ensure every car produced meets ensuring that products are readily available for customers, to ensure fast processing times, meeting high e-commerce investing in technology, processes, and regular monitoring. Saturation: Overemphasis on low prices may limit market
high standards of safety and durability. This not only helps enhancing both efficiency and customer satisfaction. 8. Why demand effectively. Difficulties: • High Investment Costs: 9. Scheduling Strategy Advantages: • Optimizes Resource growth, especially when the product or service becomes
Toyota maintain its competitive position in the automotive is effective inventory management vital for a company's Designing efficient processes and capacity requires large Allocation: Scheduling ensures that resources (labor, commoditized. Example: Southwest Airlines competes on
industry but also helps the company reduce warranty costs operations? Answer: Effective inventory management investments in technology, equipment, and personnel • machinery) are used effectively, reducing downtime and cost by focusing on high aircraft utilization, using a single
and increase customer loyalty, a key factor in sustaining its ensures that the right amount of stock is available at the Difficult to Adjust: Rapid changes in market demand may maximizing productivity. • Ensures Timely Delivery: Proper plane type (Boeing 737), and minimizing overhead costs.
market dominance. 3. Describe the impact of process and right time, reducing storage costs and avoiding stockouts. It require significant adjustments to processes and capacity, scheduling helps ensure that products are delivered on time, This allows them to keep ticket prices low while maintaining
capacity design on operations. Answer: Process and capacity helps forecast demand and ensures products are available which can be time-consuming and costly. 4. Location improving customer satisfaction. Example: FedEx uses profitability. This strategy minimizes costs related to aircraft
design influences how goods or services are produced, without overstocking, which can tie up capital. Example: Dell Strategy Advantages: • Reduces Transportation Costs: scheduling software to optimize delivery routes, reducing maintenance, flight crew training, and gate fees. However,
which directly impacts efficiency, quality, and costs. A well- uses a Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory system, ordering Choosing the right location helps lower transportation costs fuel costs and ensuring timely deliveries, which enhances its their focus on low-cost operations also limits luxury services
designed process will help optimize workflow, minimize components only when orders are received. This reduces for materials and delivery to customers • Easier Customer reputation for on-time service. Difficulties: • Difficult to and amenities that other airlines may offer Result: By
downtime, and reduce waste, while ensuring that resources storage costs and speeds up computer assembly while Access: Strategic locations improve market reach and Predict Demand: Unexpected factors like weather or implementing these cost-saving measures, Southwest Airli
are used effectively. Capacity design determines how much ensuring the company can respond quickly to customer customer service efficiency. Example: McDonald's emergencies can disrupt schedules and affect service. • nes is able to offer lower ticket prices compared to its
output can be produced, ensuring the company can meet demand without overstocking components. 9. Explain the strategically places its outle,y near high-tra . areas such as Requires Constant Adjustment: Changes in demand or competitors while still maintaining profitability. The airline's
market demand without over or under-utilizing resources. importance of scheduling in operations. Answer: Scheduling highways or shopping malls. increasing customer access and disruptions in service require continuous adjustments to efficient use of resources and streamlined operations allow it
Example: Amazon designs its fulfillment centers' processes involves allocating resources efficiently to meet customer reducing material transportation costs Difficulties: • High schedules, which can be time-consuming. 10. Maintenance to keep costs low without sacrificing service quality how a
to quickly and efficiently handle goods. Automated systems demand within specific timeframes. Effective scheduling Location Costs: Prime locations may come with high rent or Management Strategy Advantages: • Reduces Breakdowns company can compete based on response strategy. Answer:
and robots reduce the time from receiving an order to ensures that products are produced and delivered on time, operating costs.• Legal and Environmental Issues: Factors and Disruptions: Regular maintenance ensures equipment Competing-on response involves focusing on the company's
shipping the product. Amazon's capacity design is optimized optimizes machine and labor use, and reduces waiting times such as taxes, regulations, and environmental concerns can runs smoothly, preventing unexpected failures and ability to be flexible, quick, and reliable in its operations. A
to meet the fluctuating demand, adjusti labor levels and and disruptions in service delivery. Example: FedEx uses make location decisions more complicated. 5. Layout production halts. • Extends Equipment Life: Proper company can achieve this by offering fast service, flexible
increasing warehouse space as needed based on actual scheduling software to optimize the rout of trucks and Strategy Advantages: • Increases Productivity: An effective maintenance extends the life of machinery, reducing delivery schedules, and dependable product availability.
demand. 4. Why is location strategy significant in planes, ensuring that packages are delivered on time while layout optimizes workflows, reduces wait times, and replacement costs Example: UPS uses a proactive Example: Hewlett-I -Packard (HP) is an example of a company
operations management? Answer: Location strategy greatly reducing fuel costs and increasing delivery efficiency. This minimizes waste • Improves Customer Experience: A well- maintenance syster for its delivery trucks, ensuring that all that competes on response by maintaining flexibility in its
affects operating costs, delivery times, and the ability to helps FedEx maintain its reputation for on-time delivery. 10. designed store or factory layout enhances the customer vehicles are regularly checked and repaired before production and distribution processes. HP adjusts to rapid
serve customers. Choosing the right location helps reduce How does maintenance management affect operations experience leading to higher satisfaction and sales Example: breakdowns occur, preventing costly delays and maintaining changes in technology and customer demand, ensuring that
transportation costs, optimize the supply chain, and allow efficiency? Answer: Maintenance management ensures that IKEA designs its store layout to guide customers through reliability. Difficulties: • High Maintenance Costs: Effective it can deliver new products quickly and at competitive prices
easy customer access. Location also impacts labor equipment and facilities remain operational, minimizing specific product sections systematically, increasing sales and maintenance management requires investment in training, FedEx also excels in response by offering guaranteed on-time
availability, taxes, and regulatory factors. Example: breakdowns and disruptions in production or service optimizing inventory management. Difficulties: • High tools, and maintenance schedules • Difficult to Track: delivery, ensuring customer satisfaction through reliability
McDonald's strategically selects locations near high-traffic delivery. Proactive maintenance reduces repair costs and Investment: Designing or redesigning layouts can incur Ensuring that all equipment is properly maintained on and spread.
areas, such as major roads, shopping centers, or densely extends the life of equipment. Example: UPS uses a proactive significant costs for construction, remodeling, or equipment. schedule can be challenging. especially for companies with a
populated neighborhoods. This helps McDonald's access maintenance system for its delivery trucks to ensure all • Hard to Modify: Once a layout is established, making large fleet of vehicles or machines. Product life cycle (chapter 5) 1. What is the Product Life
more customers, reduce material transportation costs, and vehicles are regularly checked and repaired before changes can be difficult and time-consuming 6. Human Cycle (PLC) and what are its main stages? The Product Life
ensure fast service, ultimately improving operational breakdowns occur. This prevents costly delays and ensures Resources and Job Design Strategy Advantages: • Increases 3 competitive advantage strategies (Chapter 2) 1.What are Cycle (PLC) concept is used to describe the stages a product
efficiency and increasing revenue 5. How does layout reliable service, helping maintain operational efficiency. Productivity and Motivation: Well-designed jobs lead to the three main strategies for achieving competitive goes through from introduction to its decline. It is divided
strategy influence operational efficiency? Answer: Layout higher employee satisfaction and motivation, which boosts advantage in operations management? 1. Differentintion: into four stages: I. Introduction: This is the phrse where a
strategy determines the arrangement of equipment, Advantage and difficulties khi apply 10 OM strategies productivity. • Reduces Turnover: Thoughtful job design This strategy involves offering unique products or services product is launched. Sales are slow, and costs are high due to
workstations, and materials in a facility, impacting workflow, (chapter 2) 1. Product and Service Design Strategy reduces employee dissatisfaction, leading to lower turnover that are perceived by sustomers as being different and of product development and marketing efforts. Firms focus on
resource use, and time efficiency. A well-planned layout Advantages:• Creates Competitive Differentiation: A good rates Example: Google creates a flexible and innovative work higher value than competitors' offerings. 2. Cost Leadership: awareness and establishing the product in the market.
minimizes movement, reduces waste, and enhances product or service design can differentiate a business from environment where employees are encouraged to contribute This strategy focuses on becoming the lowest-cost producer During this stage, there is often negative cash flow as the
productivity. Store or factory layouts should also align with its competitors, helping attract customers and increase ideas, increasing productivity and fostering innovation. in the industry while maintaining acceptable quality to produc! . development costs outweigh its initial sales. 2.
business objectives to maximize production efficiency. market share. • Optimizes Production Processes: A well- Difficulties: • Difficult to Hire and Train: Recruiting and achieve a competitive advantage, 3. Response: This strategy Growth: In this phase, the product's market acceptance
Example: IKEA designs its stores with a set path for designed product Ips reduce manufacturing costs and continuously training skilled employees can be challenging centers on the company's ability to respond quickly and grows rapidly. Sales increase, and the company begins to
customers, leading them through different product sections production time. Example: Apple designs its iPhone not only and costly.• High Costs: Designing jobs that provide flexibly to market demands, including factors like speed, make a profit. As demand rises , production processes
in a systematic way. This not only makes it easier for with aesthetics but also with manufacturability in mind, autonomy and creativity requires investment in employee flexibility, and reliability in meeting customer become more refined, and economies of scale lower costs.
customers to browse and purchase products but also helps which reduces production costs, saves time, and improves training programs, management systems, and support tools, needs Example: Apple (Differentiation) creates unique, Firms may also face competition as other companies notice
IKEA optimize inventory management and reduce quality while attracting consumers with advanced features 7. Supply Chain Management Strategy Advantages: • innovative products tuat are highly valued by customers the product's success 3. Maturity: At this point, the product
operational costs, increasing sales and customer satisfaction. Difficulties:• High Design Costs: Developing new products Reduces Costs and Optimizes Resources: Efficient supply Walmart (Cost Leadership) achieves a competitive advantage has reached peak sales, and market saturation begins.
6. What are the key aspects of human resources and job and services requires high research, design, and testing costs chain management helps reduce transportation, storage, through its low-cost operations and efficient supply chain. Competition intensifies, leading to price reductions or
design in OM decisions? Answer: Human resources and job • Difficulty in Keeping Up with Changes Changes or updates and operational costs, • Improves Responsiveness: A well- FedEx (Response) excels by offering fast and reliable product modifications. The company focuses on efficiency
and cost control to maintain profitability as sales slow down. Used for data collection during inspections or monitoring luxury car is considered high quality due to comfort, speed, and which do not. • Use: VSM extends the process mapping
4. Decline: Eventually, a product faces a decline in sales due processes. It allows operators to record occurrences of and design. Manufacturing-Based Quality / Focuses on concept by including the supply chain, helping to identify
to factors like market saturation, new technologies or defects or issues systematically. • Example: In: a factory, a conformance to standards and "getting it right the first value added and non-value-added activities. It is particularly
changing consumer preferences. Companies may check sheet can be used to count defects on a production time."/ Quality means meeting specifications consistently useful in lean manufacturing to optimize the value stream. •
discontinue the product or reduce its costs drastically. The line. Each defect type is listed, and the operator marks the with minimal defects. / Example: Toyota's production system Example: A manufacturing company uses VSM to analyze
product becomes less profitable and may be phased out of number of occurrences during a shift.2. Scatter Diagram• ensures every vehicle meets strict quality control. Product- every stage of production, from raw material acquisition to
the market. 2. How do operations strategies differ across Description: A scatter diagram (or scatter plot) is a graphical Based Quality / Views quality as a measurable and precise final product delivery, helping to identify inefficiencies in the
the different stages of the product life cycle? Answer: representation of the relationship between two variables. It variable. /Example: Premium ice cream is defined by a high supply chain and streamline operations, 4. Process Charts •
Operations strategies need to be tailored to the product's Helps to visually identify patterns or correlations between butterfat percentage, making it richer and creamier. Definition: Process charts use symbols to depict the
stage in the PLC: 1. Introduction Stage: Focus on flexibility, factors. ○ How it is used: Used to analyze relationships sequence of steps in a process. This tool includes categories
product design, and capacity building to meet demand. between variables. It helps identify whether one factor is Chapter 7: Process Design 1. How does process design such as operation time, inspection time, transport time,
Operations are often experimental. 2. Growth Stage: Focus influencing another. • Example: A company might use a impact the ability to deliver services and products delay, and storage • Use: Process charts are detailed and
shifts to scaling production, improving efficiency, and scatter diagram to analyze the relationship between efficiently? ○ Answer: Process design defines how tasks are show the entire process, including time breakdowns, which
reducing costs while maintaining product quality. 3. Maturity temperature and product defects. If the points on the structured and carried out in an organization, directly allows businesses to analyze where inefficiencies such as
Stage: Emphasis on cost reduction, process optimization, and diagram show a clear trend (e..., higher temperatures lead to impacting efficiency, quality, and cost. A well-designed delays or unnecessary transport can be reduced • Example:
maintaining differentiation 4. Decline Stage: Focus on more defects). it indicates a correlation that needs attention process minimizes waste, reduces time, and ensures smooth A hamburger assembly process at a fast-food restaurant can
minimizing costs, possibly reducing capacity, and managing 3. Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Fishbone Diagram) • flow of operations. For example, a fast-food restaurant like use process charts to show the time taken at each step,
inventory to clear out products. 3. Why is understanding the Description: The cause-and-effect diagram, also known as McDonald's uses process design to streamline kitchen helping identify unnecessary storage oF transport delays and
product life cycle important in operations management? the Fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram, helps identify the operations, allowing it to serve customers quickly and streamlining the flow from preparation to delivery. 5. Service
Answer: Understanding the Product Life Cycle (PLC) is root causes of a problem. It visually breaks down the efficiently, ensuring high volume without compromising on Blueprinting • Definition: Service blueprinting is a tool that
essential in operations management because it helps potential causes into categories like people, processes, quality. 2. Compare process design strategies in focuses on the customer-provider interaction, mapping out
businesses align their operations with the product's stage. machines, materials, environment, and measurements. • manufacturing and services ○ Answer: In manufacturing, both the customer S and service provider's roles in the
Each PLC stage requires different strategies for resource How it is used: Used for problem-solving and root cause process design focuses on optimizing production efficiency process • Use: It is particularly useful in service industries
allocation, production and cost management. Recognizing analysis. It helps teams systematically explore all possible and ensuring product quality, often through automation and where customer interactions play a critical role in the
the product's stage optimal use of resources, reduces causes of a quality issue • Example: If there is defect in a standardization. For example, Ford uses an assembly line process. The tool helps ensure that each step of the service
inefficiencies, and helps companies stay comprtitive by product, a team can use a Fishbone diagram to explore approach to produce cars efficiently. In contrast, service delivery is designed to maximize efficiency and customer
adapting their strategies. different categories (e.g.> machine failure, human error, process design focuses more on interaction, flexibility, and satisfaction. • Example: A hotel uses service blueprinting to
material quality) to identify the root cause. 4. Pareto Chart • consistency. For example, a call center designs its processes design the check-in process, ensuring smooth interaction
Chapter 5 ⁃ Service Design 1. Explain the concept of Description: A Pareto chart is a bar Cart that visually to handle customer inquiries quickly while maintaining high petween customers and front desk staff, identifying potential
customer interaction in service design and why it is crucial represent the 80/20 rule, showing that 80% of problems are service standards, allowing for personalized attention in a failure points, and streamlining customer interactions.
for the success of service-based businesses. Answer: typically caused by 20% of the causes. It helps prioritize scalable way. 3 How can production processes be optimized
Customer interaction in service design refers to the way issues based on frequency or impact. • How it is used: Used through process design? ○ Answer: Production processes Bottleneck Management and Theory of Constraints (TOC) 1.
customers engage with a service during the service delivery for prioritizing quality issues. It helps teams focus on the can be optimized by eliminating inefficiencies, reducing Theory of Constraints (TOC) • Explanation: The Theory of
process. This interaction is crucial as it directly impacts most significant problems that will have the greatest impact bottlenecks and improving workflow. Techniques like lean Constraints is a management approach that focuses on
customer satisfaction, loyalty, and the perceived quality of on quality improvement.• Example: In a manufacturing manufacturing, which focuses on reducing waste and identifying and managing the bottleneck or constraint in any
the service. High-quality customer interactions can lead to plant, a Pareto chart might show that the majority of defects enhancing productivity, and Six Sigma, which aims to reduce process that limits the organization's ability to achieve its
positive experiences, while poor interactions may lead to are caused by just a few types of issues (e.g., faulty defects, can be applied to optimize processes, For example, goals. The aim 1s to maximize the throughput of the system
dissatisfaction and lost customers. Example: In the machinery, substandard raw materials). This allows the team Toyota's use of lean manufacturing principles U its by managing the constraint, often through a systematic five-
hospitality industry, the interaction between hotel staff and to focus on addressing those specific issues. 5. Flowchart • production process ensures that parts are delivered just in step process: identifying constraints, developing a plan to
guests is critical. A hotel that provides a personalized, Description: A flowchart is a diagram that represents a time, reducing inventory and minimizing delays. overcome them, focusing resources on that plan, reducing
welcoming experience (eg., remembering a returning guest's process step-by-step. It helps visualize the flow of activities, the effect of constraints, and re-assessing the system once
preferences) is likely to create loyal customers who return, tasks, or decisions in a process. • How it is used: Used to Chapter 7 discuss process analysis tools to help improve constraints are overcome Example: A manufacturing plant
whereas a hotel that has indifferent service may struggle to map out processes and identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies. the efficiency of production or service processes 1. may identify a specific machine as the bottleneck in its
retain guests. 2. Describe the role of service blueprinting in It helps in process improvement by providing a clear view of Flowchart • Definition: A flowchart is a graphical production line The production process is designed to work
managing customer interaction in service processes. how a process works. • Example: In a customer service representation that outlines the steps in a process or system, at the speed of the bottleneck, and the company focuses on
Answer: Service blueprinting 1S a process used to map out process, a flowchart can illustrate the sequence of steps showing the flow of materials, information, or people, • Use: ensuring that this machine is always operating at full
and analyze the entire service process, from customer taken from receiving a complaint to resolving the 1Ssue, It helps to visualize and understand the process, making it capacity. Additionally, improvements may be made by
interactions to back-end operations. It visualizes the helping to identify areas where the process can be easier to identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies Flowcharts are adding more resources to the bottleneck operation,
customer experience and identifies key touchpoints, helping streamlined 6. Histogram • Description: A histogram is a type especially useful for mapping out operations or service improving its speed, or even offloading some of its tasks to
service designers understand where and how customers of bar chart that displays the distribution of data, showing procedures • Example: A fast-food restaurant can use other workstations. 2. Bottleneck Management •
interact with the service Example: For example, an airline the frequency of data points within specific ranges, How it is flowcharts to map out the steps from taking an order to Explanation: Bottleneck management is a key principle
might use a service blueprint to identify the customer's used: Used to analyze distribution patterns of variables and delivering food to the customer, helping to identify where within the Theory of Constraints, and it involves ensuring
journey from booking tickets, checking In, boarding the measure the variation in a process. • Example: A quality delays occur and how to improve service time 2. Time- that the limiting process in a system (the bottleneck) is
flight, to arriving at their destination. This process helps control team might use a histogram to visualize the Function Mapping (Process Mapping) • Definition: Time- always kept as productive as possible. This may involve
them design efficient interactions and streamline any distribution of product weights and check if they fall within function mapping is an extension of flowcharting that carefully managing the flow of work to and from the
bottlenecks, ensuring a smooth customer experience. the acceptable limits. It helps identify any unusual variations includes time on the horizontal axisk This approach bottleneck, making sure it operates without interruptions,
or trends. 7. Statistical Process Control (SPC) • Description: highlights the duration of each activity, allowing you to see and improving its capacity. • Example: A restaurant kitehen
7 tools of quality management chapter 6 1. What are the SPC is a method of monitoring and controlling a process how time impacts the overall process • Use: This tool helps may have a slow stove (bottleneck) that affects the overall
Seven Tools of TQM and how are they used in quality using statistical tools. It involves the use of control charts to identi fy inefficiencies related to time delays, such as speed of food preparation. The restaurant may focus on
management? The Seven Tools of TQM (Total Quality track process performance over time. • How it is used: Used unnecessary wait times or delays between steps. By ensuring the stove is always operating at full capacity by
Management) are fundamental tools used in quality to monitor process stability and detect any significant mapping the process with time considerations, businesses scheduling orders in a way that matches its cooking speed,
management to help organizations analyze and solve quality- variations in the process that may require corrective action.• can pinpoint areas for improvement. • Example: American reducing idle time for the stove, and training staff to use it
related issues. These tools are widely used in various Example: In a production line, control charts can be used to National Can Company used time-function mapping to efficiently.
industries to improve processes, reduce defects, and ensure track the dimensions of a product, ensuring that they reduce the waiting time in their order processing system.
high-quality output. Here are the Seven Tools: 1. Check remain- within specified limits. If the measurements move They were able to eliminate 46 days from their process by
Sheet • Description: A check sheet is a simple, structured outside the control limits, it signals a potential issue that removing unnecessary waiting periods. 3. Value-Stream
form used to collect and organize data in real-time. It is often needs to be addressed Definitions of quality: User-Based Mapping (VSM) • Definition: Value-stream mapping is a
used to record the frequency of specific problems or defects, Quality "Quality lies in the eyes of the beholder." / process analysis tool that examines the entire flow of
making it easier to spot trends or patterns○ How it is used: Customers and marketers define quality as better materials and information required to bring a product Or
performance, features, and improvements./Example: A service to the customer. It identifies which steps add value