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Shellac 736 views

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Shellac for Polymer Engineering Students 3,479 views

1 Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad A liated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
U-F Resins
Aurangabad Course: Polymeric Materials-I T. Y. B. Tech. (Plastic and Polymer Engineering) Semester-V
Chemical

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2 Unit-VI Natural Resins Shellac References: Shellac Origin and Manufacture . https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lQcQ0yuekZ0 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6850749#section=Top http://www.japan-
shellac.co.jp/en/process/ http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Shellac.html Shellac-Structure, Characteristics &
Modi cation S. K. SHARMA, S. K. SHUKLA& D. N. VAID, Def Sci J, vol. 33, No.3, July 1983, pp 261-271 Characterization of Magneto Hydro Dy
Di erent Shellac Types and Development of Shellac-Coated Dosage Forms, Dissertation by Yassin Farag, Department of Chemical
Chemistry, Pharmacy, University of Hamburg. 728 views

3 Shellac Shellac has occupied the most important position among the natural occuring resins. ' India and Thailand are
the only countries where shellac (Iac) is cultivated. The principal Iac hosts in India are Palas and Ber for the Rangini Physical Chemistry
strains and the Kusum for Kusmi strains. The term shellac and Iac are often used synonymously. Its industrial
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applications are many, yet its expansion is limited due to its inferior thermal stability and resistance to moisture.
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4 Shellac Shellac is the puri ed product of the natural resin Iac which is the hardened secretion of the small, parasitic
insect Kerria Lacca, popularly known as the Iac insect. ' It is the only known commercial resin of animal origin. ' Lac has
Fuel and Combusti

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1/14/2020 Shellac - PowerPoint Slides
been known in India and China since ancient times. Its use can be traced back to recordings from India from more than Chemical, Chemistr
2000 years ago.
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5 Shellac ' Young larvae of Iac insects are red and measure about half a millimetre in length and half as much in width.
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After emergence they settle down on the Iac host and attach themselves to the host by piercing its bark. They suck the Types of Chemical
sap of the host and start secreting Iaco Under this coating the larvae grow while they continue the secretion of Iac from Chemical
the inside. After eight to fourteen weeks the male insect emerges out of its Iac cover, fertilizes the female and dies soonEmail 350 views
after. The female continues growing and increases Iac secretion until the egg laying period. There are two generations
of Iac insects and thus at least two crops per year.
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6 Shellac The crop is collected by cutting down the Iac- bearing twigs and scraping o the so called sticklac. The yield and
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quality of Iac may vary considerably depending on the insect species and the Iac host. As the quality of the nal productYour Query?
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shellac is directly dependent on the type of raw material, this great variety and the lack of cultivation can be critical for
production of shellac with a consistent quality.

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What is Shellac? Chemical Names: SHELLAC; Schellack; Lacca; Candy glaze; Lac resin; Gum Iac Molecular Formulae C H Matter and its prop
7
O ' Lac is the resinous secretion of Iac insect and its color is Laccifer lacca Kerr parasite on certain trees in Leguminosae Chemical
and Moraceae plant. ' It forms the resinous layers like stick making the lumps around the twigs, and is called Sticklac. Submit 770 views
Sticklac is crushed, sieved and removed insect bodies, pieces of twigs and water soluble dye, etc. by washing, and is
named Seedlac. ' Lac dye is the water soluble coloring matter re ned, and is used as edible colors or dye. Shellac is a
natural polyester resin re ned from Seedlac.
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8 Chemistry of Shellac The Iac (shellac) resin is not a single compound but consists of intimate mixture of several polar Chemical
and non-polar components in a molecule. Shellac is a natural material with a complex mixture of esters and polyesters
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of polyhydroxy acids. (having or Shellac is always associated with an odoriferous giving o a smell, especially an
unpleasant one) compound, a wax and a mixture of dyes such as erythrolaccin and desoxyerythrolaccin which
hydroxyanthraquinone are derivatives. Due to the presence of the dyes, shellac gives a characteristic colour reaction
with alkali. The shellac has been fractioned into three main components namely hard resin, soft resin and wax. Upload PPTs

9 Chemistry of Shellac ' Resinous character of shellac is believed to be due to the association of the components through If you have your own PowerPoi
hydrogen bonding. When dewaxed shellac is slowly heated, it softens at 65- 700C and melts between 75-800C. ' Both Presentations which you think c
the resinous constituents of shellac, soft resin and hard resin, contain hydroxy acids and their polar groups are present bene t others, please upload o
at the interface of the molecule. LearnPick. For each approved P
will get 25 Credit Points and 25
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10 Speci c gravity of shellac varies between I. 14 to 1.21. It has an average molecular weight 1006, acid value 65-75 and
visibility.
saponi cation value 220-230. Shellac is insoluble in water, glycerol, hydrocarbon solvents and esters but dissolves
readily in alcohol, aqueous solution of alkalies, organic acids and ketones.
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11 Composition of Shellac нон2С-(СН2) он (СН2)тсоон он снюн 'снз ОН НО онс„ ОН СН2ОН аснз Main components of
shellac : а) aleuritic acid; Ь) butolic acid с) shellolic acid; d) jalaric acid

12 Chemical Structure of Shellac (CH2)5 CHO CHO CHO (CH2)7 c (C (C 1-1201-1 C 20 CHOH C (C (C 20 Reference: Ask a Study Ques
Limmatvapirat, S., Limmatvapirat, C., Puttipipatkhachorn, S., Nuntanid, J., Luangtana-Anan, M. Enhanced Enteric
Properties and Stability of Shellac Films through Composite Salts Formation. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 67: 690-698 Clear your doubts from our Qua
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13 Shellac Manufacturing Process Ordinary Shellac is produced either by a process of ltration in the molten state or by ASK NOW
solvent process. Shellac has two kinds of types depending on retain most of its wax or dewaxed. ' In addition, Shellac is
graded by whether it puri ed or bleached its natural color. Bleached (White) Shellac is prepared by dissolving the Lac in
aqueous sodium carbonate, bleaching the solution with sodium hypochlorite and precipitating the Bleached Shellac
with hydrochloric acid. ' Removal of the wax, by ltration, during the process results in Bleached Dewaxed Shellac.
Shellac is also manufactured by thermal fusion method in foreign countries as well.

14 Flow chart of the re ning process of shellac Laccajc acid Melting process Lac insect Seedlac Sticklac Bleaching process
Shellac Solvent extraction Shellac wax

15 Shellac Characteristics Shellac is the only thermo-setting resin as natural resin. It is soluble well in alcohol in the normal
temperature, and melt easily for heating, but not in uenced to heat and solvents after once curing. Strong oil
resistance. Nonconductor of electricity. Excellent abrasion resistance. After coating the varnish, the thin lm of Shellac
forms the smooth surface that is rich in abrasion resistance, adhesion and durability. It is insoluble in water and many
of solvents except alcohol. Shellac is a hard, brittle and resinous solid. It is practically odorless in the cold but evolves a
characteristic smell on heating and melting. This smell can partially be referred to aleuritic acid which is known to be a

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1/14/2020 Shellac - PowerPoint Slides
starting material for the production of avors. Its color is dependent on the type of seedlac and the re ning process
and can range from pale yellow to deep red. Shellac lms provide high gloss, a low permeability for water vapor and
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gases and good dielectric behavior.

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16 Shellac Characteristics ' Even though few allergic reactions of the skin and the respiratory tract are reported for shellac-
containing products the material is generally regarded as non- toxic and physiologically harmless. ' In contrast to
crystalline substances the amorphous material shellac has no sharp softening or melting point. Its glass transition Email
temperature depends on the shellac type and varies between 30 and 50 oc for the acid form. ' It has been reported that
glass transition temperatures of ammonium salts of shellac can be signi cantly higher.
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17 Shellac Characteristics Shellac undergoes aging. Since most of the acids contain more than one hydroxyl group and
some more than one carboxyl group it is believed that this aging is a result of self esteri cation of the material. This Your Query?
esteri cation is accompanied by a loss of solubility, a decrease in the acid value and an increase in the glass transition
temperature. This aging manifests itself in the so-called blocking of the material as the individual shellac akes stick

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18 Shellac Characteristics ' It has been reported that proper storing conditions at temperatures below 27 oc and
protection from light as well as the addition of antioxidants prolong stability. ' It turned out that the stability of shellac Submit
can greatly be improved by salt formation with ammonia or organic bases such as 2-amino-2- methyl-I-propanol. ' It is
assumed that this salt formation leads to sterical hindrance and thus a reduced self esteri cation.

19 Schematic description of aging of shellac; adapted from Limmatvapirat et al native shellac (acid form) I COOR COOH
COOR aging hydrogen bond aged shellac (crosslinked) OOH OH . cross linkage

20 Applications She"at-t• @HARUE NISIKAWA

21 Applications Shellac has a long tradition as ingredient in colors and lacquers where it has been used as protective layer
on artistic objects and music instruments. In dentistry shellac is used as a material for dental base platesand
impression trays. Modi ed with uoride and epoxy resins shellac has also been used as a varnish to reduce dental
hypersensitivity. (generally recognized as safe) by the FDA. This Shellac is listed as GRAS regulatory status allows its use
as additive in food products which is the most common application of shellac. Shellac is used as coating material on
confectionaries and fruits to apply gloss. The application of shellac coatings on citrus fruits reduces the loss of water
and volatile avouring substances. It has been reported that shellac coatings prevent early penicillum- induced
postharvest decay by supporting populations of bacterial and yeast antagonists.

22 Applications The application of shellac as matrix material in so-called biocomposites for the production of
biodegradable composite materials may also be of interest as well as the application in paper-based packaging
materials to improve water resistance. Di erent Pharmaceutical applications

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