1. Who proposed the planetary model of the atom?

a) Planck
b) Rutherford
c) Thomson
d) Bohr
2. The gold foil experiment was conducted by:
a) Bohr
b) Rutherford
c) Dalton
d) Thomson
3. According to Rutherford's model, the mass of an atom is concentrated in:
a) The nucleus
b) The electron cloud
c) The proton
d) The neutron
4. In Rutherford’s model, electrons revolve around the nucleus in:
a) Fixed orbits
b) Random paths
c) Circular orbits
d) Elliptical orbits
5. Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus?
a) Gold foil experiment
b) Cathode ray tube experiment
c) Oil drop experiment
d) Photoelectric effect
6. The energy levels in Bohr's model are:
a) Continuous
b) Quantized
c) Infinite
d) Random
7. Bohr’s model was successful in explaining the spectrum of:
a) Hydrogen atom
b) Hydrogen-like atoms
c) All atoms
d) Neutrons
8. The main limitation of Rutherford’s atomic model is:
a) The location of the electron
b) The stability of the atom
c) The existence of neutrons
d) The placement of the proton
9. Which of the following correctly represents the electronic configuration of oxygen
(atomic number = 8)?
a) 2, 6
b) 2, 4
c) 4, 4
d) 1, 7
10. The maximum number of electrons in the second shell of an atom is:
a) 4
 b) 8
c) 2
d) 18
11. The electronic configuration of sodium (Na) is:
a) 2, 8, 1
b) 2, 6, 1
c) 2, 7
d) 2, 8
12. Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for the element with
atomic number 12 (Magnesium)?
a) 2, 8, 2
b) 2, 8, 2
c) 2, 6, 4
d) 2, 10
13. How many electrons can be placed in the third shell?
a) 10
b) 18
c) 2
d) 32
14. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of chlorine (Cl) is:
a) 6
b) 7
c) 2
d) 8
15. The atomic number of an element determines:
a) Its atomic mass
b) The number of protons
c) The number of neutrons
d) The number of electrons
16. The atomic number of an element is equal to:
a) Number of protons minus neutrons
b) Number of protons
c) Number of neutrons
d) Number of electrons minus protons
17. The number of neutrons in an atom is determined by:
a) Atomic number - Mass number
b) Mass number - Atomic number
c) Atomic number
d) Mass number
18. Which particle is responsible for the negative charge of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Electron
c) Neutron
d) Nucleus
19. Which of the following statements is true according to Bohr’s atomic theory?
a) Electrons revolve in any orbit
b) Electrons revolve in fixed orbits
 c) Electrons are at rest in the atom
d) Electrons are found in a cloud
20. Which of the following is true about isotopes?
a) They have the same number of neutrons
b) They have different atomic numbers
c) They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
d) They have different electron configurations
21. Isotopes of an element have:
a) Different numbers of protons
b) The same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
c) Different chemical properties
d) Same atomic mass
22. Which of the following elements have isotopes?
a) Carbon
b) Oxygen
c) Hydrogen
d) All of the above
23. Which isotope of hydrogen is commonly used in nuclear reactors?
a) Deuterium
b) Tritium
c) Protium
d) Helium
24. The isotope of carbon used in carbon dating is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Carbon-12
c) Carbon-13
d) Oxygen-18
25. What is the mass number of the most common isotope of carbon?
a) 12
b) 14
c) 13
d) 16
26. Which isotope of uranium is commonly used as nuclear fuel?
a) Uranium-238
b) Uranium-235
c) Uranium-236
d) Uranium-234
27. What is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen?
a) Protium
b) Deuterium
c) Tritium
d) Helium
28. Which of the following isotopes is used in nuclear medicine for imaging?
a) Iodine-131
b) Carbon-12
c) Nitrogen-15
d) Oxygen-16
29. Which of the following is a property of isotopes?
a) They have the same mass number
b) They have different electron configurations
c) They have identical chemical properties
d) They have different numbers of protons
30. The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called:
a) Ionization energy
b) Electron affinity
c) Electron configuration
d) Atomic radius
31. Which element has the electronic configuration 2, 8, 8?
a) Argon
b) Potassium
c) Sodium
d) Calcium
32. What is the atomic number of the element with the configuration 2, 8, 8, 1?
a) 9
b) 8
c) 11
d) 10
33. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first shell?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 8
d) 6
34. The quantum number associated with the shape of an orbital is:
a) Azimuthal quantum number (l)
b) Principal quantum number (n)
c) Magnetic quantum number (m)
d) Spin quantum number (s)
35. The atomic model that explains the emission spectrum of hydrogen is:
a) Bohr’s model
b) Rutherford’s model
c) Thomson’s model
d) Dalton’s model
36. An atom with a different number of electrons than protons is called:
a) Ion
b) Ionized atom
c) Molecule
d) Isotope
37. The electron configuration of the element with atomic number 15 (Phosphorus) is:
a) 2, 8, 7
b) 2, 8, 5
c) 2, 6, 7
d) 2, 7, 6
38. Which of the following atoms has the electron configuration 2, 8, 1?
a) Sodium
b) Potassium
 c) Magnesium
d) Lithium
39. The emission spectrum of hydrogen atom can be explained by:
a) Bohr’s atomic theory
b) Rutherford’s atomic theory
c) Thomson’s atomic theory
d) Dalton’s atomic theory
40. The first shell of an atom can hold a maximum of:
a) 2 electrons
b) 8 electrons
c) 18 electrons
d) 10 electrons
41. The isotope of carbon with 8 neutrons is:
a) Carbon-14
b) Carbon-12
c) Carbon-13
d) Carbon-15
42. Which element has 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 8 in the third?
a) Argon
b) Neon
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
43. What is the isotope of hydrogen that has one proton and two neutrons?
a) Tritium
b) Deuterium
c) Protium
d) Helium
44. What is the mass number of an isotope with 6 protons and 8 neutrons?
a) 8
b) 14
c) 6
d) 10
45. Which particle is present in the nucleus of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Both a and b
46. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of:
a) Protons
b) Neutrons
c) Electrons
d) Both a and c
47. Isotopes of an element have the same:
a) Mass number
b) Atomic number
c) Chemical properties
d) All of the above
48. The element with the atomic number 10 is:
a) Neon
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen
49. Which element has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²?
a) Magnesium
b) Calcium
c) Sodium
d) Potassium
50. Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical properties of an atom?
a) Proton
b) Electron
c) Neutron
d) Photon