International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 9 Issue 3, 2023

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

AUDIO AND TEXT TRANSMISSION USING LI-FI

TECHNOLOGY

Komati Yamini1, Miranji Katta2*, N Lavanya3, Trinadh Rajanala4

1-4
Dept. of ECE, Sir C R Reddy College of Engineering, Eluru, A.P-534007, India
Email: yamini.komati@gmail.com1, miranji.katta@gmail.com2, lavanya.n2010@gmail.com3, thrinath.vrajs@gmail.com4

Abstract:
Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity. The technology is very new and was proposed by the German physicist Herald Haas in
2011. Li-Fi provides transmission of data through illumination by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity
faster than human eye can follow. The term Li-Fi refers to visible light communication (VLC) technology that uses as medium
to deliver high-speed communication in a manner similar to Wi-Fi. Li-Fi provides better bandwidth, efficiency, availability and
security than Wi-Fi. Li-fi is a technology that makes the use of LED light which helps in transmission of the audio and text
signal much faster and flexible than data that can be transmitted through WI-FI. In Li-Fi, the data is transmitted in several bit-
streams through high-speed flickering of the LED bulb and decoded on the receiver side which consists of a photo- detector.
This happens in the form of a binary transmission of data, where ‘0’ is the LED in its ‘off- state’ and ‘1’ is the LED in its ‘on-
state’. In this paper, we use this concept to transmit data to demonstrate the use-cases and the possible impact it can have in the
ever- growing field of communication. In this paper, we transmit two types of data i.e Audio and Text using Li-Fi.

Keywords — Audio, Text, Visible Light Communication, Data transmission, Li-Fi.

transmit data. The Li-Fi system would consist of

I. INTRODUCTION regular, off-the-shelf, LED bulbs that provide internet
The demand for data usage has increased or data transmission as well as illumination. It utilizes
exponentially in the last decade, people want to be the visible light portion of the electromagnetic
connected to the Internet all the time, on multiple spectrum (380 nm to 780 nm). Thus, it has 10,000 times
devices, update the latest happenings etc. With the advent more space available thus more available bandwidth is
of IoT more devices will connect to the LTE which will present. Theoretically, it can reach the speeds up to 224
result in congestion and decrease in speed. To solve this Gbps. [4]
crisis, multiple options were considered and one was to
utilize the unused visible light spectrum which gave rise II. RELATED WORKS
to the new concept called Li-Fi.
This section discusses the various advantages of VLC
These LED’s have high switching speeds that and elucidates on the differences between Li-Fi and Wi-
enable them to modulate according to the stream of bits Fi. By the year 2020, 10 billion devices will be
that are sent. This transmission takes place in a parallel subscribed in the LTE, which would result in an
stream such that more data is being transmitted exponential growth of wireless traffic demand and result
simultaneously. The switching speed is too fast to be in a congested, scarce, and expensive RF-spectrum. The
visible to the naked eye and thus this transmission is not last few generations like 2G, 3G, etc., there have been
noticeable. This technology was proposed by German many conventional methods employed to improve the
physicist Harald Haas in University of Edinburgh. capacity of the spectrum like spatial re-use and inter-cell
interference coordination. Li-Fi can play a major role in
Li-Fi, at its core is light-based Wi-Fi with the main relieving the heavy loads which the current wireless
difference is that it uses light instead of radio waves to systems face since it adds a new and unutilized
bandwidth of visible light to the currently available radio

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 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 9 Issue 3, 2023
waves for data transfer. [7]. Visible Light and less cost.
Communication may also be used to complement current
RF systems as Li-Fi will guarantee safer networks and III. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
higher speeds. In offices and schools, the maximum data
is exchange happens within the same building. Usage of Li-Fi can be used for transmission of audio signals, text,
Li-Fi system along with the 5G Wi-Fi, would help solve images, and videos. It can also be used for providing
this issue. Due to Li-Fi, the transmission of video etc., internet. This paper mainly deals with the transmission of
will become faster, since it is viewed or downloaded, two types of data; audio waves and text. We have
indoors and 5G can be used only when data exchange is transmitted audio signals from one source to one output
needed outside the premises. [4] [7] (SISO), more than one source to a single output (MISO),
more than one source to multiple outputs (MIMO) and
Wi-Fi is very susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks studied topologies and different characteristics and
etc. Li-Fi works only in LOS condition which thus, variations observed in the data being transmitted at
increases the security of the transmission. The different setups. [2] We have achieved the transmission
technology is highly directional and localized as of text between two users using a setup of Arduino
communication only takes place where the light can be boards, L.E.D. and Silicon photo-diode.
seen, therefore the light can be directed towards certain
areas within the office. Visible light cannot penetrate Li-Fi can also be used to transmit images and eventually
opaque objects, which means that the wireless signal is even provide internet by using modulation techniques
constrained to within a strictly defined area of like OFDM. [2] Li-Fi when combined with Wi-Fi,
illumination. Secure can be created by closing blinds and provides an ideal set up where the disadvantages of Li-Fi
shutting doors. are covered up by the handoffs of the devices to Wi-Fi.
[7]
ELECROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
Audio segment

The transmission of audio signal was done through a

phone at the transmitter end, providing the audio signal
through the 3.5 mm jack that would convert the digital
signal to an analog signal. This analog signal is amplified
and sent to the array of LEDs that were connected on the
breadboard. A power supply is also given to the LED
array. This power supply is provided by a 9V battery that
is connected to the 3.5 mm jack and the LED array.
Fig1: Electromagnetic spectrum This variation in the intensity of light,
however, is captured on a solar panel that acts as a
The high-speed achievement of Li-Fi can be explained photodetector. It captures all the variations and sends
using frequency spectrum of Electromagnetic radiations. the received signal to the pre-amplified speaker.
From the Electromagnetic spectrum we can see that the
frequency Band of the visible light is between 430THZ Using the same concept, instead of providing an
to 770THZ and that of radio frequency band is in between analog signal from a phone, a text to speech software was
1 HZ to 3THz Hence the frequency bandwidth of the used. A text was typed into the software and the software
visible light is about 400 times greater than the radio reads out the text. This audio signal, generated while
frequency band width. So, more number of but can be reading out the text, was transmitted through the
transferred to this band width than in the radio frequency fluctuation of LED arrays as mentioned above, and
bandwidth. Hence data rate will be higher in the Li-Fi and captured on a solar panel. This was then heard through a
higher speed can be achieved. Using Li-Fi we can pre-amplified speaker [8].
transmit any data that can transferred using conventional
WI-FI network. That can be Images, Audio, Text etc. but
the advantages over the Wi-Fi network are high speed,
increased security, more number of connected devices,

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 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 9 Issue 3, 2023

Fig.2: Audio transmission

Text segment: Fig.4. Audio Transmission

The text transmission segment, was done in three As the distance between LED array and the solar
parts. Firstly, text transmission from Arduino to panel increases, the intensity of light reduces and the
itself. Secondly, text transmission between two light becomes more scattered thus, making it
Arduinos using IR. Thirdly, text transmission difficult for the solar panel to detect all the light rays
between two Arduinos using VLC. being emitted.
TABLE I: EFFECT OF REFLECTION

Effects of reflection off white wall

S.No. Transmitters Observation

White LEDs 10-15cm

1.
2. 10mm LEDs 45cm

Thus, variation in intensity of light from the LED

array is not realized by the human eye. This
variation in the intensity of light, however, is
Fig.3: Text transmission captured on a solar panel that acts as a photo detector.
It captures all the variations and sends the received
Audio Transmission using Li-Fi signal to the pre-amplified speaker. The analog
The transmission of audio signal was done through a signal that was transmitted through the fluctuating
Smartphone at the transmitter end, providing the audio LED array to the solar panel gets amplified in the
signal through the 3.5 mm jack. The 3.5mm audio jack pre-amplified speaker and emits the sound waves to
and the input audio from the phone is converted from be heard from the speaker. The sound intensity
digital to analog. A typical 3.5mm audio jack has three received from the speaker varies based on the
output lines namely, right, left and the ground. The left distance of the solar panel from the LED arrays. This
and right have the audio output signal, which is connected
shows that the information can be received from the
to the negative of the 9V battery. The ground of the
3.5mm jack is given to the negative of the LED array line of sight of the LED array.
connected on a breadboard and the positive of the 9V
array is given to the resistors in series with the LED array. Text Transmission
This circuit effectively modulates the intensity of the
LED’s light, which acts as carrier wave, according to the Error Free transmission was achieved in both One-
effective voltage difference. The fluctuations occur at a Way and Two-Way transmission. With off the shelf
high speed, invisible to the naked human eye. LED’s a communication distance of 22cms was
observed. Using better grade LED’s and Photodiodes

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 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 9 Issue 3, 2023
can enable two-way communication to much greater transmission as well as environmental and
distances. undoubtedly human friendly technology heralds the
start of a major shift in wireless technology, a shift
from RF to optical wireless technologies. The
possibilities are numerous and research can provide
us with many solutions. This technology can be used
to make every LED bulb into a Li-Fi hotspot to
transmit data wirelessly and will proceed to give us
a safer, faster and a greener network.

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