Introduction
Define
1-Revenue. The revenue is the money that flows to the project because of the project’s
activities. Consider the following simple example. The project aims to sell 100,000 items per
year at $1.50 per item. The total revenue is $150,000 per year. The projections of revenue
may be based on marketing data and forecasts or on contractual agreements.
2. Costs. These are the operating and overhead costs of the project. Operating costs
are those costs that are incurred in the direct manufacture of the items. They
include the costs of purchasing the raw materials, the energy, and the labour required for
manufacturing the company’s products. These costs vary with the amount of production;
as a result, they are sometimes called variable costs.
3. Taxes and royalties. The taxes are the charges made by the government, such as income
tax and capital gains tax. Royalties may be charged by the government for the use of a
natural resource, such as in mining or oil production.
4. Capital expenditure. The sum of money required to develop and install a manufacturing
facility is the capital expenditure. The capital expenditure is also referred to as the fixed
capital in order to distinguish it from working cap
. النفقات الرأسمالية. مبلغ المال المطلوب لتطوير وتركيب منشأة التصنيع هو النفقات الرأسمالية. يشار إلى المصروفات الرأسمالية أيضًا
باسم رأس المال الثابت لتمييزها عن سقف العمل
5-Working capital. Working capital is the net amount of money required for stock,
debtors and creditors.
Accounts payable : Money that the company owes to suppliers and vendors for products
and services purchased on credit.
Accounts receivable: Money that is owed to the company for the supply of products and
services provided on credit.
Accrual accounting: The accounting system in which the income is reported when earned and expenses
when incurred. In contrast to cash accounting, income is reported when cash is received and expenses
when cash is paid.
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Asset: Assets are things you own that you can sell for money. In accounting, an asset is any resource
that a business owns or controls. It's anything that could be sold for money. The study of a balance
sheet and assets and liabilities helps us to ascertain the equity value.
Examples of Assets
There are a wide variety of assets that businesses might have to perform at their highest level.
They include:
• Cash and cash equivalents
• Accounts receivable (AR)
• Marketable securities
• Trademarks
• Patents
• Product designs
• Distribution rights
• Buildings
• Land
• Mineral rights
• Equipment
• Inventory
• Software
• Computers
• Furniture and fixtures
والتي يقوم بإعدادها مسؤول،هي العناصر التي تتألّف منها الميزانية العمومية التي تع ّد إحدى التقارير المالية الرئيسية في الشركة
فهي تعطي لمحة سريعة عن الوضع المالي للشركة خالل فترة زمنية محددة،الحسابات أو المحاسب. هي العناصر التي تتألّف منها
فهي، والتي يقوم بإعدادها مسؤول الحسابات أو المحاسب،الميزانية العمومية التي تع ّد إحدى التقارير المالية الرئيسية في الشركة
تعطي لمحة سريعة عن الوضع المالي للشركة خالل فترة زمنية محددة.
equity : Ownership, particularly the ownership interest in a company. Also
the value of the owner’s interest in a company.
Equity capital :Capital raised from owners.
Equivalent annual charge :The annuity amount that is equivalent to the net present value of an
investment calculated over the life of the investment.
Historical cost :An accounting convention in which all costs for a company are recorded based on
original price
طريقة محاسبية يتم فيها تسجيل جميع تكاليف الشركة بنا ًء على السعر األصلي:التكلفة التاريخية
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Liabilities: A financial obligation or debt. A claim against the value of the company from supplying
goods or lending money to the company.
وهي .المطلوبات أو االلتزامات هي التزامات أو تعهدات على المنشأة تجاه الغير مقابل حصولها منهم على سلع أو خدمات أو قروض
.جزء من الموازنة أو الميزانية لشركة ،وترص المطلوبات على اليسار في الموازنة وترصد األصول إلى اليمين
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Examples
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Compare between asset and Liabilities
Assets vs. Liabilities
It’s critical to understand the difference between assets and liabilities. A company lists its assets,
liabilities and equity on its balance sheet. Assets are resources a business either owns or controls
that are expected to result in future economic value. Liabilities are what a company owes to
others—for example, outstanding bills to suppliers, wages and benefits due to employees, as well
as lease payments, mortgages, taxes and loans.
As a note, for public companies, leased property and equipment is listed on the balance sheet as
both an asset (Right of Use) and a liability (the present value of future lease payments). Private
companies will soon be required to do the same under U.S. GAAP.
Equity is the company’s net worth—the value that would be returned to the owners or
shareholders if all assets were sold and all debts were settled. The relationship between assets,
liabilities and equity is defined in the “accounting equation,” one of the basic principles of
accounting:
Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity
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Assignment
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