I.

LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following questions.
Mark A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.
1. The old train chugged along the tracks, leaving behind a _______ of smoke as it
travelled through the scenic countryside.
A. puff B. drove C. wad D. dash
2. As we failed to reach a consensus on which is more suitable, there's no choice but
_______ and come
up with something new.
A. to abandon both ideas B. to either abandon the idea
C. abandoning the idea D. abandon either of the ideas
3. I'm sure he would have reported the problem _______ hackers had gotten into the
main server.
A. he had known B. would he have known
C. he would have known D. had he known
4. It's difficult to emerge from this scandal _______.
A. when your reputation still intact B. or your reputation still being intact
C. with your reputation still intact D. without keeping your reputation intact
5. I don't think the boss was in a good mood. He was quite _______ with me when I
asked about the campaign.
A. just B. fast C. poor D. short
6. If you want to make it in the field of technology, study hard and be ahead of the
_______.
A. twist B. spin C. game D. circle
7. An earthquake hit the area last year, the consequences _______ catastrophic.
A. of whose were B. being far more
C. of which have been D. in which having been
8. Each time I visited Aunt Ada, she _______ the most fascinating stories from her
childhood.
A. would have recounted B. was often recounting
C. was used to recounting D. would recount
9. You shouldn't have _______ her _______ like that. You really hurt her feelings.
A. rounded ... up B. put ... down C. put ... back D. run ... over
10. We all decreed that _______.
A. their quarrel should put an end to B. there be an end to their quarrel
C. they ended their quarrel then D. their quarrel be coming to an end
11. Professor Jack: Did you enjoy your holiday?
Nancy: It was _______ time to relax completely, Sir.
A. a too short B. such short a C. too short a D. a such short
12. The country used to be an economic _______ with chronic unemployment and
rampant crime.
A. basket case B. false dawn C. dark horse D. lost cause
13. Many social scientists believe that _______ from sounds such as grunts and barks
made by early ancestors of human beings.
A. language which, was very slow to develop
B. language developed very slowly
C. the very slow development of language
D. language, very slowly developing
14. While the new restaurant was decent, it wasn't a patch _______ the old one that
used to be at the same location, with its excellent cuisine and cozy atmosphere.
A. on B. to C. with D. over
15. That new TV series had viewers _______ to their screens.
A. nailed B. fixed C. screwed D. riveted
16. Often celebrated for their vivid portrayal of nature, _______.
A. countless readers are inspired by the writings of John Muir
B. it was John Muir's writings that inspired countless readers
C. John Muir's writings inspire countless readers
D. John Muir inspired countless readers through his writings
17. The lyrics came to him in _______ during this and other catnaps.
A. few and far B. bits and pieces C. leaps and bounds D. length and breadth
18. It was the best holiday ever because for once everyone got along _______ .
A. distinctively B. notoriously C. flawlessly D. famously
19. Mary: Are you happy with your new haircut?
Peter: Yes, I am. Lots of people have _______ on it.
A. complimented me B. remarked me C. recommended me D. commented me
20. Given the state of the planet, it is clear that we have failed to _______ protecting
the environment and satisfying our own needs.
A. strike a balance between B. take a hard line on
C. strike an attitude of D. take priority over

Part 2: Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with suitable prepositions.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
21. The hotel where we stayed last summer was _______ walking distance of the
beach.
22. The brother and sister were at odds _______ who would get to inherit the beach
house.
23. Shrimp can trigger _______ a violent allergic reaction.
24. It seems like we are _______ for a big storm this weekend.
25. Your age shouldn’t make no difference _______ whether you get the job or not.
26. A study that has just been published backs _______ our theory completely.
27. She attributes her success _______ hard work and a little luck.
28. It’s no wonder the children were disappointed because first their father promised
to take them to the cinema and then he went back _______ his word.
29. The young boy was so obsessed _______ the actress that he had pictures of her all
over the house.
30. You have got no right to be meddling _______ my affairs. Mind your own
business in future.

Part 2: Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Underline the errors
and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us
2. and still closely interrelating. Most American marriages, particular first marriages
3. uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection rather with
4. practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for
5. their children. Teenagers begin date in high school and usually find mates through
6. their own academic and social contacts. Though young people feel free to choose
7. their friends from different groups, almost choose a mate of similar background.
8. This is due partly to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their
9. children, but they can usually influence choices by voicing disapproval for
10. someone they consider suitable. However, marriages of members of different
11. groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably
12. because of the greater mobile of today's youth and the fact that they are restricted
13. by fewer prejudices as their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to
14. attend college, serve in armed forces, or pursue a career in a bigger city. One away
15. from home and family, they are more likely to date and marry outside their own
16. social group.

Part 4: Complete the text by changing the form of the word in capitals. The first
one (0) has been done as an example. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Example: (0) Chinese
FENG SHUI
Feng Shui is the ancient (0. CHINA) _________ art of bringing balance to one's
immediate surroundings. It aims to harness energy flow within the home to make it a
nice, (51. HEALTH) _________ place in which to live. Although in the West it has
only recently gained (52. ACCEPT) _________, in China it is considered (53.
DISPENSE) _________ to consult a Feng Shui practitioner before (54. LOCATE)
_________ house or establishing a business. On a mundane level, it is the art of
furniture placement, but under stricter (55. SCRUTINIZE) _________ meaningful
philosophical and religious roots are found (56. PIN) _________ this venerable art
form. The Taoist philosophy out of which it grew sees the world as made up of potent
but invisible energy which it calls 'chi'. Feng Shui aims to divert this hidden flow to
create a harmonious environment. Although this is an unfamiliar concept to the
Western world, the rise of Feng Shui continues (57. ABATE) _________. Feng Shui
offers some basic rules with which to augment the potential of one's environment.
Removal of clutter is said to promote feelings of (58. LUCID) _________ and
calmness. The utilisation of plants (59. ACT) _________ the detrimental effect of
machinery, computers and so on. Finally, because chi energy enters through the front
door, it is provident to keep one's door in perfect condition to remove any (60.
IMPEDE) _________ to the passage of entering chi energy.

II. READING
Part 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase for each of the blanks

HOOKED ON THE NET

The latest addiction to trap thousands of people in the internet which has been
(1) .....................for broken relationships, jobs losses, financial ruin and even one
suicide. Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new
illness that could cause serious problems and ruins many lives. Special help groups
have been set up to (2) ............................ sufferers help and support. Psychologists
have described many (3) ................................... examples, including one man who
took his own life after borrowing more than £14,000 to feed his addiction, and a
teenager who had to receive psychiatric treatments for his 12-hour- a- day
(4) ........................”This illness is not (5) ........................., and it must be taken
seriously,” said an expert in behavioral addiction at Nottingham Trent University.
“These are not sad people with serious personality (6) ........................... :; they are
people who were fine before they found the Internet. “ IAS is similar to other
problems like gambling, smoking and drinking: addicts have dreams about the
Internet, they need to use its first thing in the morning; they (7) ............................ to
their partners about how much time they spend online; they wish they could cut down,
but are unable to do so. A recent study found that many users spend up to 40 hours a
week on the Internet; although they felt guilty, they became depressed if they were (8)
......................... to stop using it. Almost anyone can be at risk. Some of the addicts are
teenagers who are already (9) ............................ on computer games and who
(10) ............................. it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet.
Surprisingly, however, psychologists say that most victims are middle-aged
housewives who have never used a computer before.

1) A) blamed B) faulted C) mistaken D) accused

2) A) offer B) suggest C) recommend D) advise
3) A) worrying B) worried C) disappointing D) disappointed
4) A) habit B) custom C) manner D) routine
5) A) false B) imitation C) fake D) artificial
6) A) mistakes B) errors C) faults D) defects
7) A) betray B) deceive C) cheat D) lie
8) A) let B) allowed C) had D) made
9) A) taken B) addicted C) tied D) hooked
10) A) say B) feel C) find D) have

Part 2: For questions 41 ‒ 50, read the following passage and fill in each of the
following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the
answer sheet.
LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE UP

Are learning disabilities really (41) ________ the rise or are we just more aware of
them? Recent statistics indicate that up to 10% of school-age children, that's two or
three individuals in every classroom, are thought to have (42) ________ kind of
learning disorder, the causes of (43) ________ are both complex and multiple. More
worrying still are recent findings by the Science journal which suggest that (44)
________ up to 45% of children, more than one disorder is likely. An ADHD child
(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) may also (45) ________ from dyslexia (a
reading and writing disability) or dyscalculia (a maths learning disability). Many of
the learning disabilities included in the research and findings are numbered amongst
the autistic spectrum disorders, which would push figures to appear higher (46)
________ in the past when diagnosis was less easily (47) ________. Demographic
analysis also indicates that many of the children under six who are diagnosed are from
within the higher income bracket, suggesting that parents are likely to be more aware
of potential problems and better (48) ________ to address them. Unfortunately,
despite this worrying rise, the current school system is not equipped to deal (49)
________ the greatly differing teaching methods required to address the variety of
learning difficulties that the disorders entail. The devastating result of this is leaving
many children totally (50) ________ in the basic skills required to survive in the
secondary school system. The prevalence of learning disabilities in the lower
economic bracket is undisputed, yet sadly these children are more likely to have
undiagnosed disabilities which will never be addressed.

Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the option A, B, C, or D that best
answers the questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes.
Language diversity has always been part of the national demographic landscape of the
United States. At the time of the first census in 1790, about 25% of the population
spoke languages other than English (Lepore, 2002). Thus, there was a diverse pool of
native speakers of other languages at the time of the founding of the republic. Today,
nationwide, school districts have reported more than 400 languages spoken by
language-minority students classified as limited English proficient (LEP) students
(Kindler, 2002). Between 1991 and 2002, total K-12 student enrollment rose only
12%, whereas LEP student enrollment increased 95% during this same time period
(National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition, 2002b). This rapid
increase and changing demographics has intensified the long debate over the best way
to educate language-minority students.
Historically, many groups attempted to maintain their native languages even as they
learned English, and for a time, some were able to do so with relatively little
resistance until a wave of xenophobia swept the country during World War 1 (Kloss,
1977/1998). Other groups, Africans, and Native Americans encountered repressive
politics much earlier. During the 1960s, a more tolerant policy climate emerged.
However, for the past two decades there has been a steady undertow of resistance to
bilingualism and bilingual education. This article provides historical background and
analyzes contemporary trends in language-minority education within the context of
the recent national push for accountability, which typically takes the form of high-
stakes testing.
The origins of persistent themes regarding the popular antagonisms toward bilingual
education and the prescribed panaceas of “English immersion” and high-stakes testing
in English need to be scrutinized. As background to the contemporary context, we
briefly discuss the history of language politics in the United States and the ideological
underpinnings of the dominant monolingual English ideology. We analyze the recent
attacks on bilingual education for what this attack represents for educational policy
within a multilingual society such as the United States. We emphasize multilingual
because most discussions of language policy are framed as if monolingualism were
part of our heritage from which we are now drifting. Framing the language policy
issues in this way masks both the historical and contemporary reality and positions
non-English language diversity as an abnormality that must be cured. Contrary to the
steady flow of disinformation, we begin with the premise that even as English has
historically been the dominant language in the United States since the colonial era,
language diversity has always been a fact of life. Thus, efforts to deny that reality
represent a “malady of mind” (Blaut, 1993) that has resulted in either restrictive or
repressive language policies for minorities.
As more states ponder imposing restrictions on languages of instruction other than
English-as California, Arizona, and Massachusetts have recently done-it is useful to
highlight several questions related to the history of language politics and language
planning in the United States. Educational language planning is frequently portrayed
as an attempt to solve the language problems of the minority. Nevertheless, the
historical record indicates that schools have generally failed to meet the needs of
language-minority students (Deschenes, Cuban, & Tyack, 2001) and that the endeavor
to plan language behavior by forcing a rapid shift to English has often been a source
of language problems that has resulted in the denial of language rights and hindered
linguistic access to educational, social, economic, and political benefits even as the
promoters of English immersion claim the opposite.
The dominance of English was established under the British during the colonial
period, not by official decree but through language status achievement, that is,
through “the legitimization of a government’s decisions regarding acceptable
language for those who are to carry out the political, economic, and social affairs of
the political process” (Heath, 1976, p.51). English achieved dominance as a result of
the political and socioeconomic trade between England and colonial administrators,
colonists, and traders. Other languages coexisted with English in the colonies with
notable exceptions. Enslaved Africans were prohibited from using their native
tongues for fear that it would facilitate resistance or rebellion. From the 1740s
forward, southern colonies simultaneously institutionalized “compulsory ignorance”
laws that prohibited those enslaved from acquiring English literacy for similar
reasons. These restrictive slave codes were carried forward as the former southern
colonies became states of the newly United States and remained in force until the end
of the Civil War in 1865 (Weinberg, 1977/1995). Thus, the very first formal language
policies were restrictive with the explicit purpose of promoting social control.
21. What is the primary purpose of including the statistic from the 1790 census in the
introductory paragraph?
A. To explain how colonizing the US eradicated language diversity
B. To show concrete evidence that language diversity in the US is not a new
phenomenon
C. To note that before that time, there was no measure of language diversity in the
US
D. To demonstrate that census data can be inaccurate
22. The article compares two sets of statistics from the years 1991-2002, increases in
K-12 enrollment and increases in LEP students, to highlight _______.
A. that the two numbers, while often cited in research, are insignificant
B. that while many people with school-age children immigrated to the US during
this time, an equal amount left the country as well
C. that language diversity had no impact on US student enrollment during this time
D. that while the total amount of students enrolled in US schools may have grown
slowly, the amount of those students who were LEP increased dramatically
23. According to the second paragraph, many groups maintained their native
languages without resistance into the 20th century EXCEPT _______.
A. Native Americans and African Americans
B. Irish Americans and African Americans
C. Mexican Americans and Native Americas
D. Native Americans and Dutch Americans
24. Why is the word “undertow” emphasized in the second paragraph?
A. To explain how certain groups continued to carry their native languages with
them despite the opposition from those against language diversity.
B. To show the secretive and sneaky nature of those opposed to language diversity.
C. To call attention to the ebb and flow of language resistance during the 20th
century, experiencing periods of both rest and extremism.
D. To explain that, while many groups tried to maintain their native languages, many
gave in to social and political pressure to use only English.
25. What is the best way to describe the function of the third paragraph in this
excerpt?
A. The paragraph provides its primary thesis as well an outline of the article’s main
points.
B. The paragraph is an unnecessary and irrelevant inclusion.
C. The paragraph serves to reveal the conclusions of the article before detailing the
data.
D. The paragraph firmly establishes the article’s stance against language diversity.
26. What is the best summary of why the phrase “multilingualism” is emphasized in
the third paragraph?
A. Language repression stems from the US’s unwillingness to recognize the
languages of its foreign allies.
B. Because language is constantly changing and often goes through multiple phases
over time.
C. The authors firmly believe that speaking more than one language gives students a
substantial benefit in higher education.
D. Language policy discussions often assumes that the US has a monolinguistic
history, which is untrue and poses language diversity as threatening.
27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage _______.
A. Language status is achieved when enough scholarly work has been produced in a
language
B. The dominance of English was achieved as a result of local trade inside the
country.
C. California has recently thought about imposing restrictions on languages of
instructions other than English.
D. No languages coexisted with English in the colonies with notable exceptions.
28. According to the passage, all of the following are potential negatives of rapid
English immersion EXCEPT _______.
A. it can lead to a denial of language rights for particular groups
B. students become more familiar with conversational expressions and dialect
C. it can prevent access to certain benefits that are always available to fluent
speakers
D. it can promote feelings of alienation among groups that are already in a minority
status
29. According to the passage, the best alternate definition of language status
achievement is _______.
A. when enough scholarly work has been produced in a language, it is officially
recognized
B. those who are in power socially and economically determine the status of a
language
C. languages fall into a hierarchy depending upon the numbers of populations that
speak them
D. the position of a language in which no others may coexist with it
30. According to the passage, why were enslaved Africans forcibly prevented from
developing their native language skills?
A. because for enslaved children, English language was much easier to acquire.
B. because most slave populations were willing to use English.
C. For fear that they would gain power.
D. because slave owners could not understand their native languages.

III. WRITING
Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
76. It is a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.
→ George ____________________________________________________________
77. His description of the incident was completely different from what really
happened.
→ His description of the incident bore _____________________________________
78. My aunt is coming to stay and I'm not really looking forward to it.
→I dread ____________________________________________________________
79. The committee had a long discussion but they could not make up their mind.
→ Lengthy ___________________________________________________________
80. Only when he was confronted with the evidence did he confess to the crime.
→ It was not _________________________________________________________
Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has a similar meaning to the
first one. You must use between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word
given. DO NOT change this given word.
Write your answers on the answer sheet.
81. This club admits people from all professions. LIFE
→ People from all _________________________________________________ to
this club.
82. They have very little money to live on now she is unemployed. HAND
→ They have been living _______________________________________________
her job.
83. Thomas is quite open about his four marriages. SECRET
→ Thomas _______________________________________ he has been married four
times.
84. If the need arises, she can prepare a delicious meal in about half an hour.
RUSTLE
→ Should the ________________________________ a delicious meal in about half
an hour.
85. Everybody knows that he always breaks his promises. KNOWLEDGE
→ It's ________________________________________________________ on his
promises.