Examples of Injective
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Introduction
Given a function f:R→R, sometimes we need to calculate anti
images, but this is not always easy.
The inverse function offfit is the function f−1 such that f(a)=b if and only
if, f^{-1}(b)=a.
Example
Seaf:R−{2}→R−{1} the function given by
The image of -1 is00, but what is the anti-image of 2 and the
de4?
We can solve the equations f(x)=2y f(x)=4, but it is more
quickly if we have the inverse function:
We calculate the anti-images of 2 and 4:
Graphic def:
On this page we will see the necessary requirements for the
existence of the inverse and how to calculate it.
2. Injective function
A function is injective if the images of elements
different are different. That is,
Or well,
To verify that a function is injective, it must be
demonstrate that if(b)f(a)=f(b), then a=b.
Example 1
The function f(x)=x2 is not injective. For example, the images
de1y−1 are equal:
Graph:
Example 2
The function f(x)=2x is injective.
Let's suppose that f(a) = f(b):
What shows thatffis injective.
Graph:
3. Surjective function
A function f: R → R is surjective if and only if it is injective.
An element of the codomain has an antimage. That is,
This property depends on the codomain: we can define the
codomain to achieve that a function is surjective.
Example 1
The function f(x)=2x is surjective:
Seab∈R, then, its anti-image is b/2y since
For example, the anti-image of99itSeptember 29, 2002.
Example 2
The functionf(x)=x2f(x)=x2it is not subjective because the
Negatives do not have an anti-image.
However, we can define the function of the reals in the
non-negative reals:
In this way, the function is indeed surjective (we have eliminated
of the co-domain the negative numbers, which are the ones that do not have
anti image).
Note that the function is still not injective. To make it
injection, we can change the domain of the reals to the
non-negative reals.
4. Bijective function and inverse function
A function f: R → R is bijective if it is injective and surjective.
A function f: R → R is bijective and has an inverse function.
The inverse function is defined as the function f−1: R→R such that
what
That is to say,
Example
The function f(x) = 2x is bijective.
We verify that the function f−1(x)=x/2 is its inverse:
We have considered the functionffdefined over the reals, but
this is not necessary
In general, if f: A → B, then f⁻¹: B → A.
5. Calculation of the inverse
Seaf:R→R is a bijective function. To calculate its inverse
we follow the following steps:
We equalized the expression of the function ay.
2. We isolate the variable x (thus, it remains in terms of y).
3. We change the values vice versa. The expression obtained
it is the inverse.
Example
We calculate the inverse of the function
We equalized yesterday:
2. We solve for x:
We exchanged xpory:
Therefore, the inverse function is
6. Solved problems
Problem 1
Determine if the following functions are RenRson or not
injective or surjective:
Solution
Problem 2
Determine if the following function is injective or not based on
his graph:
Solution
Problem 3
Calculate the inverse of the following function:
Calculate the preimage of 0.2y - 1.
Solution
Problem 4
Calculate the inverse of the following function:
Calculate the preimage of 0.2y - 1.
Solution
Problem 5
Calculate the inverse of the following function:
Calculate the preimage of 0.2y - 1.
Solution
Note that the function is surjective because55is not in
the codomain.
We equalize and we solve for x:
Therefore, the inverse function is
Observe that the domain of the inverse is the set of
real except for 5.
We calculate the antimages:
Graphic def:
