HIGHER CALCULUS

Solved exercises on Maximums and Minimums

1. Determine and classify the critical points def, where:

1 1 1
f(x,y) y 3 y 2 x y 2 x3 4x
3 2 3
Solution:
1
f x y 2 x 2 4 fy y 2 yx 2y
2

fyequals zero
y 2 yx 2y 0
y(y+x–2) = 0
y = 0, y = -x + 2

i. y=0
f x= 0
1 2 2
y x4 0
2
x2–4 = 0,x= 2,x= -2

Puntos: (2, 0) y (-2,0)

ii. y = -x + 2
1 2 2 1
y x4 0 ( x 2)2 x 2 4 0
2 2
1 2
(x  4x 4) x 2 4 0
2
x 2  4x 4  2x 2 8
0
2
3x2-4x - 4 = 0
2
x= 2, x=
3
2 8
Points: (2, 0) and ,
3 3

2
Point fxx= 2x fyy= 2y + x - 2 fxy= y xxfyy–[fxy] Point type

(2,0) 4 0 0 0 Missing information

(-2, 0) -4 -4 0 16 Maximum
2 8 4 8 8 32 Point chair
,
3 3 3 3 3 3
2. Among all the rectangles with an area of 8 dm2determine, using Multipliers of
Lagrange, the dimensions of the rectangle whose diagonal has the minimum value.

Solution:
If x and y are the measures of the sides of the rectangle, then by the information x·y=
8, furthermore, that the diagonal of the rectangle is given by x2 y 2it has to be in
In terms of Lagrange multipliers, the function to be formulated would be:

F(x,y, ) x 2 y 2 (xy 8), from where:

Fx= 2x + λy Fy= 2y + λx
Fx= 0 2x + λy = 0
 2x
(*)
y
Fyequals zero 2y + λx = 0
 2y
(**)
x
From (*) and (**) it is necessary to:
 2x 2 y
, where we have to 2x 2 2 y 2, that is to say x y
y x
If x and y are the measures of a rectangle, then they are positive and it is true that x = y.
If Dex·y = 8, we obtain that x =8, y 8
The dimensions of the rectangle that meet the requested conditions are x=
8, y 8

3. Sea f  x,y  x 2 2x y 4 2y 2determine the point or points (if they exist) where the
The function has a relative maximum, relative minimum, or a saddle point.
(4 points)
Solution:

Fx=2x–2 Fy= 4y3-4y

Fx= 0 2x - 2 = 0
x= 1
Fy= 0 4y3-4y = 0
y(4y2-4) = 0
4y(y - 1)(y + 1) = 0
y= 0;y= 1;y= -1
Puntos críticos: (1, 0); (1,1); (1, -1)
2
In addition: Fxx = 2; Fxy= 0; Fyy= 12y 4

Point Fxx = 2 Fyy= 12y2-4 FxxFyy–(Fxy)2= 24y2-8 Type of point Image

(1, 0) 2 0 -8 Saddle point -1
(1, 1) 2 8 16 Local minimum -2
(1, -1) 2 8 16 Local minimum -2
4. Determine the points belonging to the intersection curve between the surfaces
of equation: 2z 16 x 2 y 2, and x y 4 that are closer to the origin.
Solution:
If P = (x,y,z) denotes the sought point and O = (0, 0, 0) the coordinates of the origin,
then the distance from P to O is given by:

d(P, O) = (x 0)2 ( y  0)2 (z 0)2 = x 2 y 2 z 2

Framing the situation as a problem of Lagrange multipliers,

we would need to find the critical points of:
F(x,y,z, , ) = x2 y 2 z 2 (x 2 y 2 2z 16) (x y 4)
Partially deriving, we would have:
F
2x 2 y 
x
F
2y 2 y 
y
F
2z 2
z
F
x 2 y 2 2z 16

F
x and 4

Let's solve the system:

2x 2 x 0 (1)
2y 2 y 0 (2)
2z 2 0 (3)
x 2 y 2 2z 16 0 (4)
x y 4 0 (5)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we have:
2x 2x   2y 2 y 0

(2x 2y) (2x  2y ) 0

2(x y)(1 ) 0

x=y; -1
Sea = -1, then according to equation (3) we would have that z = 1. Then from the
 Equations (4) and (5) would yield the following system:
x 2y 14
2

x y 4

From Dex+y= 4, we obtain that y= 4–x, substituting in x2 y 2 14, we obtain:

x 2 (4 x)2 14

x 2 16 8x x 2 14
2x 2 8x 2 0
x 2 4x 1 0

4 12 4 2 3
x = = 2 3
2 2
Six 2 3thenand 4 2 3 = 2 + 3

Six 2 3thenand 4 2 3 = 2 - 3
ii. Six = and then, by equation (5), dex + y = 4, it would have to be that x = y = 2,

substituting these values into the equation x2 y 2 2z 16 0, we obtain quez= 6

Response:
The sought points are:  2 3, 2 3,1  ,  2 3, 2 3, 1  y (2, 2, 6)

5. Determine the minimum distance from the origin to the hyperbola with the equation

x 2 8xy 7 y 2 225 .
Solution:
SeaF(x,y,z, ) = x 2 y 2  x  8xy 7 y  225, then:
2 2

Fx 2x 2 x 8y

Fy 2y 14 y 8x

So we have to solve the system:

x x 4y 0 (1)
y 7 y  4x 0 (2)

Solving for 'x' in equation (1): x  x 4 y 0

x(1 )  4y 0, yes -1

 4y
x (3)
1
Note that in (3), it must be different from -1, because if = -1, then by (1), it
it should be y = 0, substituting For x = -1, y = 0 in (2), it would similarly have that x = 0.

Substituting the values dex, y obtained in the equation x2 8xy 7y 2 225se
it would have a contradiction.
Substituting into (2), the value of 'x' indicated in (3), we would have:
y 7y  4x 0

 4y
y 7 y 4 0
1

y(1 )  7 y (1 )  16y 2

0


y 1 7 7  16
2 2
 0

y = 0; 9 2
 8 1 0
1
y= 0; = 1;
9
i. If Siy = 0, then from (3) it is concluded that x = 0, but since these values do not

they satisfy the equation x2 8xy 7y 2 225, therefore it cannot be zero.

ii. Yes = 1, then substituting in (3) we have que x = -2y(4)

Therefore:
x 2 8xy 7 y 2 225

  2y  2  8(2 y)y 7y 2 225

4y 2 16y2 7 y 2 225

 5y 2 225! Impossible!

1
iii.
9
Returning again to (3) and substituting the value of we obtain that:
1 4y
 4y
 4y 9 y
x = = 9 = y = 2x.
1 1 8 2
1
9 9
Substituting this value into the given surface equation:
x 2 8xy 7 y 2 225

x 2 8x(2x) 7(2x)2 225

45x2 225
 225
x2 5 x 5x ;  5
45
So the points obtained would be:  5, 2 5  y   5 2 5 
Answer: The shortest distance from the origin to the given hyperbola is

 5   2 5
2 2
= 5  20 = 5 (u.l.)

6. A rectangular box without a lid must have a volume of 32 cubic units.

What should the dimensions be for the total surface area to be minimal? (NO
use Lagrange multipliers.

Solution:
If S denotes the total surface area of the box, then from the given information it follows that:
i. xyz= 32
ii. S(x,y,z) = xy + 2xz + 2yz (function to optimize)

32
Dexyz = 32 means that z must be. (*)
xy
Substituting (*) in (ii):
32 32
S(x,y,z) = xy 2xz 2yz = xy 2x  2y
xy xy

64 64
= xy 
y x
So the function that we must optimize, expressed in terms of two variables
it would be:
64 64
S(x,y) = xy 
y x
64 64
Sx=y Sy=x
x2 y2
64
Sx= 0 y , substituting this value into the equation
x2
64
Sy=x
y2
 = x
64
= x
64x4
= x
x4
=
64x x 4
=

x 64 x 3  =0
2
64 (64)(64) 64 64 64
x2
x= 0; x3 64
x = 0; x = 4. The solution x = 0 must be discarded. Why?
Six = 4, it is obtained that y = 4, and since the volume is 32 cubic units then z
= 2.
It remains as an exercise to verify that for the obtained values, the
total area is minimal.

7. Determine the point that is closest to the origin and on the line that results from the
intersection of the planes: 2x–y+z= 1; 3x–2y+ 3z= 22.
Solution:
Applying the criterion of Lagrange multipliers, we have that the function to
to analyze would be:

G(x,y,z) = x 2 y 2 z 2 (2x y z 1) (3x 2y 3z 22), which for

effects of searching for critical points, we can pose it as:

F(x,y,z) = x2 y 2 z 2 (2x y z  (3x 2y 3z 22)
Fx=2x 2 3
Fy=2y 2
Fz=2z 3

2 3
x
2x 2  3 0 2
 2
2y 2 0 y
2
2z 3 0 3
z
2
Let's substitute the values dex, y, zen in the two equations:
2x - y + z = 1 3x - 2y + 3z = 22
i. 2x - y + z = 1

2 3  2 3
2   1
2 2 2
 4 6  2  3 2
6  11 2(1)

3x - 2y + 3z = 22
Let's substitute the values dex, y, zen into the previous equation:

3x - 2y + 3z = 22
2 3  2 3
3 2 3 22
2 2 2
6 9  2  4 3 9 44
11 + 22 = 44
+ 2 = 4 (2)
Let's solve the system of equations:
6  11 2
2 4

From equation (2) we have that = 4 - 2 substituting this value into the equation (1)
we have to:
6 + 11 = 2
6(4 - 2 ) + 11 = 2
12 + 11 = 2
24 - = 2; 22
Of 4 - 2 , it is obtained that -40.
Therefore:
2 3 2(40) 3(22)
x= = -7
2 2
 2  (40) 2(22)
x= = = -7
2 2
3  40 3(22)
z= = equals 13
2 2
The sought point is (-7, -2, 13)