Understanding Architectural Plans
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Architectural Plans
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ScribdTranslationsWHAT IS AN ARCHITECTURAL PLAN?
The architectural plan is a graphic document in which we capture the design.
of what will be an architectural project, that is to say, it is the representation of how
the spaces will be distributed in a construction and in which the ...
characteristics that this will have. It is important that the representation is made in
exact form as we wish it to be in reality to give it the appropriate use to
each of the square meters that are being represented on the plan. There are
standards or standardized languages to display and understand in language
architectural, the elements that are represented there. Scales are handled
varied chords according to what is desired to be represented.
This shows us the details and architectural elements of a certain work,
seen in plan, section, and elevation. Likewise, visualize the elements in use
daily such as, beds, furniture, kitchen, bathrooms, closet, in such a way that
the arrangement of future furniture is established and specific areas are defined
housing or the building to be constructed.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
In the field of architecture and civil engineering, the project is the set of
documents through which the design of a construction is defined before
to be carried out. It is the foundational document on which the work of the
architects, engineers, and designers of different specialties.
Throughout a project, the distribution of uses and spaces is developed, the
use of materials and technologies, and the technical justification of compliance
of the specifications required by the applicable technical regulations.
In many areas, the development of a complete project is mandatory beforehand.
to initiate the development of a construction, and it can have a contractual nature.
PLANS TO START A CONSTRUCTION
To start a construction, it is necessary to have several sets of
plans. Each of these details an aspect of the work such as the part
aesthetics, the structural condition, the operation and placement of equipment
electric, hydraulic, and mechanical.
ARCHITECTURALPLANS
It is the first blueprint game that details the visual aspect and internal layout.
of a building. These plans include architectural drawings such as
installations, plants, facades, cuts, details and perspectives.
Any project located in the Metropolitan District of Quito must be designed
taking into account the Technical Rules of Architecture and Urbanism as well as
the technical rules on fire prevention. You can access the
free download in PDF format of these regulationshere.
The architectural plans must be signed by an architect who possesses the
professional license granted by the competent authority, according to the location
of the project. For the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), the competent authority
It is the Metropolitan Public Company of Mobility and Public Works (Epmmop).
More information about professional registration can be found in the About section.
procedures in the page 136 del bookManual of Work.
STRUCTURALPLANS
They correspond to the set of plans that detail the structure of the building. The
structural plans include foundation plans, slabs, columns, roof,
iron templates and structural details. These plans must be signed by the
civil engineer who has designed and calculated the structure. A mechanical engineer
has the authority to sign structural plans as long as it is a
structure metallic.
For Ecuador, structural plans must be projected and calculated from
according to what is established in theEcuadorian Construction Standard.
INSTALLATIONPLANS
It is the set of plans for electrical/electronic installations,
hydraulic/sanitary and mechanical. This classification is further subdivided
of the next way
•Electrical/electronic installations: lighting plans, power outlets
currents, voice data, y evacuation, safety, sound.
Hydraulic/sanitary installations: drinking water plans, fire network
fires, water rain waters served.
Facilities mechanics: plans of the system
of air
air conditioning, elevators, forced ventilation, among others.
WHO PARTICIPATES IN THE CREATION OF THE PLAN
There are 8 main agents involved in the construction of a
property, are the following:
1. The Promoter: any person, whether natural or legal, will be considered a promoter,
public or private, which, individually or collectively, decides, drives, programs and
finance, with own or external resources, the construction works for itself or
for subsequent transfer, delivery, or assignment to third parties under any title.
2. The Designer. The designer is the agent who, on behalf of the developer and
subject to the corresponding technical and urban planning regulations, draft the
project. They will be able to draft partial projects of the project, or parts that make it up.
complement, other technicians, in coordination with the author of this.
3. The Contractor: is the agent who assumes, contractually before the
promoter, the commitment to execute with human and material resources of its own
or others, the works or parts of them subject to the project and to
contract.
4. The project manager. The project manager is the agent who, as part of the
optional direction, directs the development of the work in technical aspects,
aesthetic, urban and environmental, in accordance with the
project that the define the license of building y others
preceptive authorizations and the conditions of the contract, with the aim of
ensure its suitability for the proposed purpose.
5. The director of the execution of the work: is the agent who, being part of
the optional direction takes on the technical function of directing the execution
material of the work and to control qualitatively and quantitatively the
construction and the quality of what is built.
Quality control entities: they are quality control entities of the
building those qualified to provide technical assistance in the
verification of the quality of the project, of the materials and of the execution of
the work and its installations according to the project and the applicable regulations.
7. Testing laboratories: they are testing laboratories for control
quality of the construction the trained to provide technical assistance,
through the performance of service tests or trials of the materials,
systems or installations of a construction project.
8. Product suppliers: They are considered product suppliers
the manufacturers, wholesalers, importers, or sellers of products of
Construction refers to a building product that is manufactured
for its permanent incorporation in a work including materials, elements
semi-finished, components and works or parts of them, both completed
as in the execution process.
TYPES OF PLANS
Topographic plan.
They are those that show the main physical characteristics of the land.
(buildings, rivers, roads) as well as the height differences that exist between the
Land features (mountains, valleys) are very useful in calculating areas.
Foundation plan.
This type is fundamental as it reflects the foundation of a building, whose
the purpose is to support structures ensuring stability and preventing damage to
structural and non-structural materials, whether by isolated footings
footings, foundation slab, etc., within the foundation plans
we found the superficial and the deep.
Installation plans.
Electric.
Which reflects the electrical installation of the building, such as:
Connections, transformers, circuits, electrical panels.
Location of light points, sockets.
b) Sanitary.
Within the sanitary installation, plumbing plans must be included.
building sanitation.
Supply and distribution of cold and hot water.
Interior black water installations.
External rainwater and wastewater networks.
Distribution, location of sanitary fixtures and kitchens.
c) Gas installation.
In its plan, the gas installation of the building would be reflected.
Shut-off valves.
Ventilations.
Pressure.
Counters.
Connections.
Cutting plan of sections.
Represents the projection of a house or construction cut in direction
vertical or horizontal. It is used to explain those aspects that remain unaddressed.
completely clear through the plants and the facades.
Longitudinal section.
Transversal Section.
Plan of Plants.
Represents the general layout of the building, location of the different
spaces, furnishing of them; it outlines areas,
dimensioning of spaces and the different carpentry (wood and metal).
Finishing and detail plan.
With this type of plans, the finish of each component is specified.
building, and the way to do something in detail, the
materials used in floors, ceilings, doors, windows, furniture, stairs,
exteriors, etc., such as thermal insulators, paints, pavements, coatings, etc.
and their corresponding measures.
