Unit -1
(Introduction to AI)
Q1. What is Artificial Intelligence?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence is creating intelligence in machine so that it work like a
human.
Or
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines,
especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition: “the
learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality.” of information and rules for using the
information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and
self-correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition
and machine vision.
Q.2 Define the categories of Artificial Intelligence.
Ans: There are two categories of A.I.- Weak and Strong
Weak (with human intervention) : Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI
system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants,
such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI.
Strong (without human intervention) : Strong AI, also known as artificial general
intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When
presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution
without human intervention.
Q.3 Define Machine Learning.
Ans: : Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides
systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without
being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of
computer programs that can access data and use it learn for themselves. Machine
Learning, or ML, enables machines to improve at tasks with experience. The
machine learns from its mistakes and takes them into consideration in the next
execution. It improvises itself using its own experiences. There are three type of
ML:
Supervised learning: Data sets are labeled so that patterns can be detected and used
to label new data sets.
Unsupervised learning: Data sets aren't labeled and are sorted according to
similarities or differences.
Reinforcement learning: Data sets aren't labeled but, after performing an action
or several actions, the AI system is given feedback
1
Artificial Intelligence
By: Ajay Mishra Sir
Q.4 Define Deep Learning.
Ans: Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial
neural networks with representation learning. Learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or
unsupervised. Deep Learning, or DL, enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast
amounts of data. In deep learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which
helps it into training itself around the data. Such machines are intelligent enough to develop
algorithms for themselves.
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
MACHINE
LEARNING
DEEP
LEARNING
Q.5 Define Data Science.
Ans: Data science is a deep study of the massive amount of data, which involves extracting
meaningful insights from raw, structured, and unstructured data that is processed using the
scientific method, different technologies, and algorithms. It is a multidisciplinary field that uses
tools and techniques to manipulate the data so that you can find something new and
meaningful. Data science uses the most powerful hardware, programming systems, and most
efficient algorithms to solve the data related problems. It is the future of artificial intelligence.
Q.6 Define Computer Vision.
Ans: Computer vision is a domain of artificial intelligence that deals with the images.
It involves the concepts of image processing and machine learning models to build a
computer vision based application. The various applications of computer vision are
based on a certain number of tasks which are performed to get certain information
from the input image which can be directly used for prediction or forms the base for
further analysis.
2
Artificial Intelligence
By: Ajay Mishra Sir
Q.7 Define Natural language processing (NLP).
Ans: It is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between
computers and humans using the natural language. The ultimate objective of NLP is to
read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human languages in a manner that
is valuable. Most NLP techniques rely on machine learning to derive meaning from
human languages. One of the older and best known examples of NLP is spam
detection, which looks at the subject line and the text of an email and decides if it's
junk. Current approaches to NLP are based on machine learning. NLP tasks include text
translation, sentiment analysis and speech recognition.
Q.8 Difference between Automation and Robotics.
Automation: It makes a system or process function automatically. For example, robotic
process automation (RPA) can be programmed to perform high-volume, repeatable
tasks those humans normally performed. RPA is different from IT automation in that it
can adapt to changing circumstances.
Robotics: is field of engineering focused on the design and manufacturing of robots.
Robots are often used to perform tasks that are difficult for humans to perform or
perform consistently. They are used in assembly lines for car production or by NASA to
move large objects in space. Researchers are also using machine learning to build
robots that can interact in social settings.
Q.9 How do you understand whether a machine/application is AI based or not? Explain with
the help of an example.
Ans: Any machine that has been trained with data and can make decisions/predictions on its
own can be termed as AI. Example: The bot or the automation machine is not trained with any
data is not an AI while a chatbot that understands and processes human language is an AI.
Q.10 If you do an image search for vacations on a popular search engine, the first few
searches mostly return the picture of beaches. What is the concern here? Explain.
Ans: In the given scenario, we are concerned about the bias. When we talk about a machine, we
know that it is artificial and cannot think on its own. It can have intelligence, but we cannot
expect a machine to have any biases of its own. Any bias can transfer from the developer to the
machine while the algorithm is being developed.
Q.11 All of us use smartphones. When we install a new app, it asks us for several permissions
to access our phone’s data in different ways. Why do apps collect such data?
Ans:
1. To provide customized notifications and recommendations.
2. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the app.
3
Artificial Intelligence
By: Ajay Mishra Sir
Q.12 Your grandmother watches you use AI applications. She wants to understand more
about it. Help her understand the term artificial intelligence by giving the right definition and
explain to her with an example how machines become artificially intelligent.
Ans: When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, i.e., make decisions, predict
the future, learn and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial intelligence. In other words,
you can say that a machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks by itself -
collect data, understand it, analyse it, learn from it, and improve it.
Machines become intelligent once they are trained with some data which helps them achieve
their tasks. AI machines also keep updating their knowledge to optimise their output. For
example, Netflix gives us recommendations on the basis of what we like. Whenever we start
liking a new genre, it updates and gives better suggestions.
Q.13 Ashwat is amazed to learn about his sister Ananya who is multi-talented and has
excelled in academics, music, dancing, sports and painting. He was quite curious when
Ananya told him that he too possessed all these intelligences like every human being does,
but only at different levels. He wondered which intelligence she was talking about. Can you
help Ashwat in learning about different types of intelligences by naming and explaining any
four types of intelligences?
Ans: All humans possess 9 types of intelligence but at different levels. They are:
1. Mathematical Logical Reasoning: ability to regulate, measure, and understand numerical
symbols, abstraction and logic.
2. Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or
implementation in writing or verbally.
3. Spatial Visual Intelligence: ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship of one
object to another.
4. Kinesthetic Intelligence: ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled
manner.
5. Musical Intelligence: ability to recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns.
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes how high the level of self-awareness someone has is.
Starting from realizing weakness, strength, to his own feelings.
7. Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and
spiritual awareness.
8. Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to
process information on the environment around us.
9. Interpersonal intelligence: ability to communicate with others by understanding other
people's feelings & influence of the person.
Q.14 Samarth attended a seminar on Artificial Intelligence and has now been asked to write a
report on his learnings from the seminar. Being a non-technical person, he understood that
the AI enabled machine uses data of different formats in many of the daily based applications
but failed to sync it with the right terminologies and express the details. Help Samarth define
Artificial Intelligence, list the three domains of AI and the data that is used in these domains.
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic human
intelligence i.e., make decisions, predict the future, learn and improve on its own. With respect
4
Artificial Intelligence
By: Ajay Mishra Sir
to the type of data fed in the AI model, AI models can be broadly categorised into three
domains:
Data sciences (Data Science takes input in the form of numeric and alphanumeric data.)
Computer vision (Computer Vision takes input in the form of images and videos.)
Natural Language Processing (Natural Language Processing takes input in the form of
text and speech.)
5
Artificial Intelligence
By: Ajay Mishra Sir
