ARTS Brassempouy a mammoth ivory that
Distinct Characteristics, Elements and (discovered in a showed a lady with the
cave at hood which represents
Principles of Arts during the different periods Brassempouy, the human face and
France in 1892) hairstyle
Western classical arts were classified into 4. Menhir A huge stone standing
three timelines; Ancient Arts which includes Pre- vertically on the ground
usually standing on the
Historic and Egyptian Eras, Classical Arts through middle of the field or
Greek and Roman Eras and Medieval Arts which ARCHITECTUR arranged in rows
was represented by Byzantine, Romanesque and E Believed to be a
Gothic Eras. structure where people
buried their dead
Pre-historic era showed paintings as a way of 5. Dolmens Stone table consisting of
communicating, sculptures as a product of natural two huge standing
erosion and not of human artistry while stones supporting a
architecture ignited man’s imagination through horizontal giant stone
which served as grave
megalithic monuments. Egyptian paintings or as an altar.
emphasized on the importance of life after death, 6. Cromlech Circle of standing stones
sculptures that symbolized and represented the considered as a temple
gods and architecture that were structurally stable where rituals were held
EGYPTIAN
and astronomically significant and scientific in
1. The Painted on the walls of
nature. Sarcophagus of the tomb of King
Greek paintings used vases, panels and tombs Tutankhamen PAINTING Tutankhamen in the
and introduced methods of painting such as Fresco (discovered by XVIII Dynasty and shows
Howard Carter on the life of the king while
and Encaustic, sculptures that showed all points of
November 04, he was still on earth and
human anatomy and proportion and emphasized 1922 in the valley the scenes he expects to
on the representation of movement for dramatic of the King, encounter in the
effects while architecture that highlighted buildings Egypt) underworld after his
death.
such as temples surrounded by rows and columns
2. Queen
thus introducing three architectural style or orders Nefertiti Bust A painted stucco-coated
(Doric, Ionic and Corinthian). Roman paintings (created in 1345 limestone bust of the
were copied or imitated from Hellenic Greek BC by Thutmose Great Royal Wife of
paintings but gave more importance on landscape in Ancient Egypt SCULPTURE Egyptian Pharaoh
and was Akhenaten.
paintings and introduced mosaic painting, discovered in Most copied works of
sculptures were made of monumental terra-cotta Amarna on ancient Egypt
and produced reliefs in the Great Roman triumphal December 06,
columns and architectural designs that built sturdy 1912 by German
Oriental Society)
stones both for use and to perpetuate their glory. 3. Statue of
Byzantine period emphasized on paintings, Pharaoh Carved in a smooth-
sculptures and architecture with Christian subjects. Menkaure and grained dark stone
Romanesque paintings emphasized on largely his Queen called greywacke or
(discovered by schist that created a
placed mosaics on the walls of churches, sculptural George Reisner sense of eternity and
pieces were reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes on January 18, immortality.
and devotional images while architecture that were 1910)
evident on doorways of churches or grand sculpted 4. Pyramids of Funerary structures in
Giza (2580 – ARCHITECTUR limestone and granite of
portals. Gothic paintings showed frescoes on the 2560 BC) E the three kings of the 4th
walls of the churches in cosmopolitan style, Dynasty namely: Khufu
elegant and sophisticated manner, sculptures had (Cheops), Khafa
great freedom of style and begun to project (Chepren) and Menkaura
(Mycerinus).
outward while architectural designs included two
new devices such as pointed arch and stone 5. Egyptian Served as places of
vaulting. Temples residence of the gods
and key centres of
economic activity and
Representative Artworks and Artists from official worship of the
various gods.
Art Periods Materials used were
wood, reed matting and
NAME OF ART FORM DESCRIPTION / mud brick
ARTWORK / PURPOSE / FUNCTION 6. Mastaba Egyptian tomb in the
ARTIST AND MATERIALS form of a flat-roofed,
USED rectangular structure
PRE - HISTORIC with outward sloping
1. Cave of Has nearly 2,000 figures sides made of mud-
Lascaux PAINTING composed mainly of bricks or stones marked
(discovered by large animals native in as burial sites of many
Marcel Ravidat in the region, human eminent Egyptians.
Montignac, France figures and abstract GREEK
on September 12, design painted in a cave 1. Judgement of Painted on an amphora,
1940) as a way of Paris (575-550 a black figure pottery
communicating each BC) from Attica which
other. displayed the veneration
2. Venus of of gods and heroes in
Willendorf Carved from oolitic their representation of
(found on August SCULPTURE limestone showing PAINTING myths.
07, 1908 by a heavy breast and large 2. Pitsa Panel Earliest known panel
work man named abdomen believed to be (540 – 530 BC) painting on thin wooden
Josef Szombathy a charm to ensure Discovered during boards or panels
in Willendorf, fertility. the 1930s in a covered with stucco
Lower Austria) cave near the (plaster) and painted
3. Venus of A sculpture carved from village of Pitsa with mineral pigments
which depict religious
scenes connected with Taull located in view with the gospels in
the cult of the nymphs. Barcelona) his left and his right
3. Tomb of the It is a grave made of five hand blessing the
Diver (built in local limestone slabs viewers and was
470 BC and was forming the four lateral surrounded by the
found by the walls and the roof and mandorla (almond-
Italian slabs carefully bonded shaped frame).
archaeologist with plaster considered 2. Last
Mario Napoli on as only example of Judgement SCULPTURE Displayed in the
June 03, 1968 in Greek painting with (carved by tympanum covered with
Campania, figured scenes. Gislebertus before plaster and its centre
Southern Italy) 1135 in Cathedral Christ is enthroned in a
4. The Figuring a youthful of Saint-Lazare in gloriole held by angels.
Discobolus ancient Greek athlete Autun, France)
(created on 460 – SCULPTURE throwing a discus in 3. The Norman
450 BC by Myron which original sculpture Crypt of
of Eleutherae, an was made of Bronze but Worcester ARCHITECTUR Grand sculpted portals
Athenian Sculptor was lost, some copies Cathedral E in the doorways of
known for his were made out of (rebuilt by Worcester Cathedral.
bronze artworks marble and smaller Alexander Mason
of athletes) replicas were made of between 1224
bronze. and 1269 and
5. The finished by John
Parthenon Greatest classical Clyve from 1360)
(constructed by ARCHITECTUR temple dedicated to the GOTHIC
447 BC and E goddess Athena, 1. Lady and the Series of six tapestries
completed on 432 engineered to correct an Unicorn created in the style of
BC in Athens, optical illusion and Tapestry (1506 - thousand flowers, often
Greece by served a practical 1513) considered as one of the
Architects Iktinos purpose as the city greatest works of art of
and Callicrates treasury. PAINTING the Middle Ages in
along with a Europe.
Sculptor named 2. Rose window Stained glass windows
Phidias) from the North created to transform the
ROMAN transept vast stone interiors with
1. Head of Mosaic illustrates a (designed by Jean warm and glowing
Alexander (100 battle in which De Chelles and colour.
BC) PAINTING Alexander charges the Pierre de
Persian King Darius in Montreull in 1260)
the Battle of Issus. 3. The Shepherd Gothic manuscript
2. Boscotrecase, Fresco landscape David (13th illustration which shows
Pompeii painting believed to century) some realistic detail and
depict a ceremonial rite, naïve naturalism.
either a marriage or an 4. Pulpit of Pisa One of the most
initiation of a woman in Cathedral SCULPTURE iconographically dense
a mystery cult. (sculpted works of art in the
3. The Carved in marble and between 1301 history of art in Italy.
Portonacio SCULPTURE used for the burial of and 1310 by Crowded it with figures
Sarcophagus Roman General involved Giovanni Pisano) from the Old and New
in the campaign of Testament.
Marcus Aurellius which 5. Cathedral of First high Gothic
depicts battle scenes Chartres or ARCHITECTUR cathedral with
between Romans and Notre Dame E thousands of sculpted
Germans. Cathedral (1145- figures and splendid
4. Sarcophagus Made of Terra-Cotta 1260) stained glass windows.
from Cervetiri showing a husband and
(late 6th century wife reclining
BC) comfortably as if they
Painting is a two-dimensional visual image
were on a couch. created by an artist, applying colored pigments or
5. The An oval amphitheatre paints as medium using a brush; creating strokes
Colosseum (70- ARCHITECTUR built of travertine that resulted a visual mark or a print they
82 AD in Rome, E limestone, tuff (volcanic
established to create image. It conveys ideas of
Italy) rock) and brick-faced
concrete used for tradition and culture of the artist that is capable of
gladiatorial contests and transmitting from one to another. A way of
public spectacles. communicating with each other and may also be
BYZANTINE for religious or ceremonial purposes.
1. The Empress PAINTING Mosaic of an Asian
Theodora (found Queen with dark eyes
in Basilica of San and hair with fierce Sculpture is a three-dimensional visual
Vitale in Italy) expression. image that is made by one of four basic
2. The Barberini It represents the processes: carving, modelling, casting and
Diptych (Louvre SCULPTURE emperor Justinian I as
Museum) triumphant victor which constructing or assemblage. It provides a realistic
consisted of five ivory figure made through manipulation of materials
plaques fitted together. resulting in a three-dimensional object. An idea of
3. Hagia Sophia Structure has Ashlar imitating or producing with exact three-
(Holy Wisdom in ARCHITECTUR brick and mortar joints
Istanbul, Turkey E and is of masonry
dimensional size and form in proportion.
designed by construction which is
Isidore of Miletus one of the biggest Architecture is an art and science of
and Anthemius of domes ever created and designing buildings and structures related to
Tralles in 537 BC) constructed originally as
a church but
environmental formation that provides shelter to
transformed into a live in, work in, play in and store in.
mosque.
ROMANESQUE
1. Christ in Spanish Fresco
Majesty (Circa PAINTING transferred into a
1123 by an artist canvas in which Christ is
named Master of depicted in full frontal
