kasperanalytics.

com

+918130877931

Automation
Testing Real Time
Interview
Questions

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

1. Can you brief me about yourself?

Hi, my name is Pankaj. I started my career as a Testing Executive 4.5 years back
with Infosys currently I am working as Test Engineer.

My responsibility is to understand Business Requirement Specification and High-

Level scenarios and to convert them into test cases & Automation scripts if
required. Execution of test cases and reporting of defect to the developer if there
any and get them fixed. I have experience on Functional, Automation, Regression,
Smoke, Sanity, Web accessibility, Web Analytics, Mobile Testing.

In my previous project I have worked on Automation testing where we have used

Selenium with java and TestNG Cucumber framework for BDD approach. We have
used Page object model where we have separated our test cases with page
objects, and we performed testing on the same. For build management tool we
are using Maven for version controlling we are using Git and for automating our
jobs for nightly run or any schedule we are using Jenkins,.

For defect management & test case management we have used JIRA, TEST RAIL &
HP ALM. I have worked on tools like BrowseStack, DeviceAnywhere, Toadsql,

I am working on Agile environment we have daily standup call and we have 2-

week sprint cycle. I am part of 8-member team out of which we are 3-Tester, 2-
dev, 1- manager, 1-scrum master

2. Tell me your Day to Day activities as QA?

First thing I do after login in my system. I check the active sprint in Jira for our
project code. There I can see my assigned open tasks. After that I will check my
mail if there is any important mail I need to take action on. Then we have our daily
scrum meeting where we used to tell our previous day actions what we did, what
we are planning for today and if we have any blocker to discuss. Product owner
and scrum master help us to resolve that blocker. After that I need to take the
pending task and do needed action whether creating test case, Execution, Defect
retesting if any.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

3. Do you have created framework from scratch, or you have maintained that?

I have not created Framework from scratch by myself but yes, I was part of
framework creation and created some part of it.

4. How much you rate yourself in Java out of 10?

Out of 10 I will rate myself 6 in java as QA Automation engineer.

5. Can you tell me Oops concepts and relate it with your Framework?

We have Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation and Abstraction in Oops. So,

we will start with

1) DATA ABSTRACTION : Data Abstraction means to handle complexity by hiding

unnecessary details from the user. In java, abstraction is achieved by interfaces
and abstract classes. We can achieve 100% abstraction using interfaces.

In Selenium, WebDriver itself acts as an interface. Consider the below statement:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

We initialize the Chrome Browser using Selenium Webdriver. It means we are

creating a reference variable (driver) of the interface (WebDriver) and creating
an Object. Here WebDriver is an Interface and ChromeDriver is a class.

We can apply Data Abstraction in a Selenium framework by using the Page

Object Model design pattern. We define all our locators and their methods in the
page class. We can use these locators in our tests but we cannot see the
implementation of their underlying methods. So we only show the locators in the
tests but hide the implementation. This is a simple example of how we can use
Data Abstraction in our Automation Framework.

2) ENCAPSULATION : Encapsulation is defined as the wrapping up of data under a

single unit. It is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it
manipulates. Encapsulation can be achieved by: Declaring all the variables in the
class as private and writing public methods in the class to set and get the values

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

of variables. All the classes in an Automation Framework are an example of

Encapsulation. In Page Object Model classes, we declare the data members using
@FindBy and initialization of data members will be done using Constructor to
utilize those in methods.

3) INHERITANCE Inheritance is the mechanism in java by which one class is

allowed to inherit the features (fields and methods) of another class. We can
apply Inheritance in our Automation Framework by creating a Base Class to
initialize the WebDriver interface, browsers, waits, reports, logging, etc. and then
we can extend this Base Class and its methods in other classes like Tests or
Utilities. This is a simple example of how we can apply Inheritance in our
framework.

4) POLYMORPHISM Polymorphism allows us to perform a single action in different

ways. In Java polymorphism can be achieved by two ways: –

Method Overloading: When there are multiple methods with same name but
different parameters then these methods are said to be overloaded. Methods can
be overloaded by change in number of arguments or/and change in type of
arguments. In Selenium Automation, Implicit wait is an example of Method
Overloading. In Implicit wait we use different time stamps such as SECONDS,
MINUTES, HOURS etc. –

Method Overriding: It occurs when a derived class has a definition for one of the
member functions of the base class. That base function is said to be overridden.
In Selenium Automation, Method Overriding can be achieved by overriding any
WebDriver method. For example, we can override the findElement method In
assertion we have used overload because in assertion we used to like
asset.true(actual, expected) and second time we can use same
assert.true(actual, expected, message).

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

6. How can you use interface and how it is different from Abstract class?

Abstract class may have Abstract and concrete methods, and there is not any
compulsion in adding abstract method in abstract class. But in Interface, we do
have only abstract methods and we don’t need to write abstract keyword in
Interface this is by default public and abstract.

7. What do you mean by Static keyword in Java?

Static means it is at class level not at instance level, we have static method, static
variable & static inner class. When we have any variable as static so it will remain
same for all the instance of our classes, and static/Private/Final methods can’t be
over-ridden like if we have initialized any method as Static so we cannot override
it in any child class.

8. How to call static method and variable in java?

Direct calling, Calling by class name.

9. Can I access Static method by using object reference?

Yes we can, but we got one warning that you need to access it via Direct or By
class name.

10. How to call non-static method and variable in java?

For calling non static method we need to create object first.

11. What do you mean by wrapper class and how will you do data conversion?

Wrapper class in java are used for data conversion. In data conversion if user
wants to convert Int to string, String to int, Boolean, double then we use Wrapper
class.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

integer.parseInt(); -To convert string to Integer

Double.parseDouble(); -To convert string to Double

Boolean.parse Boolean(); -To convert string to Boolean

String.valueof(); -To convert Integer to String

12. Can you convert string a =”110a” in integer?

No we got NumberFormatException while converting the above string.

13. What do you mean by Call by Value & Call by Reference in Java?

Call by value means suppose we have created one sum method with input
parameter int a, int b. So while calling the creating the object and running we
provide values that is know as call by value.

14. What do you mean by Exceptions in Java?

Exception is like any interruption in our normal flow. Like if we are running anything
and we got issues in our script this is we called exception,

we have 2 types of exception Run Time & Compile Time.(checked & Unchecked
exceptions)

15. Can you tell me about difference between Throw and Throws keyword?

Throw is a keyword used inside a body of function. And Throws used while
initializing any method. By using Throw we can throw only one exception while for
Throws we can declare multiple exceptions which might occur in that particular
function.

Java throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception. Java throws keyword
is used to declare an exception..

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

16. How much you rate yourself in selenium out of 5?

Out of 5 I will rate myself 3.5 in selenium.

17. Which locator you are using in your framework and why?

Mostly we used ID and Xpath because Id is the fastest and unique one and after
that we prefer Xpath. Anyways we have other locators as well like css, class name,
tag name, Link text, Partial Link text.

18. What is the difference between findelement & findelements?

findelement will give the first appearance of that element which matches our
locator, whereas findelements will give us list of all the elements which is present
over the webpage and matching our locator.

And if we don’t find the element findelement will give us nosuchelementexception

whereas findelements will return NULL/Empty list.

19. Can you tell me how you will handle multiple window in selenium?

We have windowhandle & windowhandles function for handling Multiple windows.

Windowhandle will give the string value of only the active window that is open
whereas windowhandles will give set of all the windows that are open in browser.

For More :

https://www.browserstack.com/guide/handle-multiple-win dows-in-selenium

20. How you will move from one window to another?

First we will check what all windows are open by using driver.getwindowhandles,
to get set of opened windows , then I use iterator to iterate over each of the pages
and inside for loop will check like Current URL matches with the excepted page, if
match then switch to that window by using driver.switchTo(Destination window) -
> to return back to main parent window use driver.defaultwindow

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

21. Tell me the difference between Implicit & Explicit wait?

Implicit wait applies for all the elements and all the tests like if we give 10 sec of
implicit wait it will wait for 10 sec for each element before giving nosuchelement
exceptions.

While Explicit wait can be applied for any particular step for which you want extra
wait time so we can use explicit wait.

We can use mix of both waits to depend on the situation of the step

Link : https://www.guru99.com/implicit-explicit-waits-selenium.html

22. Can you tell me some exceptions in selenium?

NoSuchElementException

NoSuchWindowException

NoSuchframeException

StaleElementReferenceException

TimeoutException.

Link :

https://www.guru99.com/exception-handling-seleniu m.html

23. What do you mean by User Defined Exception?

User Defined Exception or custom exception is creating your own exception class
and throws that exception using 'throw' keyword.

This can be done by extending the class Exception.

... The keyword “throw” is used to create a new Exception and throw it to the catch
block

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

24. Can you tell me what is assert in TestNG?

Assert is like verification where we check like expected thing and actual thing are
same or not.

25. Which assert you have used in TestNg?

We have used Hard assert and Soft assert, while applying Hard assert if we found
any glitch in expected and actual then it will through exception and move to next
@test

while Soft assert it won’t give exception and move to next step of that test. And to
get all the exceptions in console we need to write at the end assert.all().

26. Can you tell me about the order of TestNG annotations?

@BeforeSuite

@BeforeTest

@BeforeClass

@BeforeMethod

@Test

@AfterMethod

@AfterClass

@AfterTest

@AfterSuite

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

27. Do you heard about Priority in TestNg can we set -ve priority?

Yes, like priority is 0, -1, TestNg will run -1 then 0

then 1.

And if we have any @test which is not having any priority set, then in that case it
will search via alphabetic order whichever comes first and execute test
respectively.

28. Can you explain me TestNG?

TestNG is advanced version of Junit only. It is mainly used by Dev/QA for maintain
the code easily and for unit testing.

It provides lots of benefits to us like we can create a suite and we can write all the
required Tc in one go only using that suite. We can group our Tc we can set
priority we can run our tc in parallel mode, We can generate good reports via
TestNG.

We can write functionality depends on methods, depends on group. We can run

single tc multiple time with single set of data or multiple set of Data.

29. How to run single method multiple time in TestNG?

We have invocation count attribute in @test annotiation. We can write invocation

count as 3 if we want to run it 3 times. Apart from that we can write threadpull.size
if we want to run that case in multiple thread.

Links :

https://www.inviul.com/run-same-test-multiple-times/

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

30. Do you work in cucumber, can you tell me what all files required in
cucumber?

In cucumber we have Feature file, Step Definition file and Test Runner file.

In feature file we used to write scenario in gherkin language which is most like in
plain English language. Here we use some of the keywords like feature, scenario,
scenario outline, given, when, then, and, example, background keywords for
writing our test scenarios steps. In Step Definition file we write mapping code for
all the scenario of feature file. In test Runner file we provide the address of the
feature file, step definition file, and all-important Tags, Plugin, Listeners in that.

31. Have you used GIT in your project can you explain about it?

Yes I have used GIT, It is a version control tool. Where we can maintain our central
repo. we used to manage our code via GIT only.

We use Git to maintain our project in our local system. So, if someone like to work
on that project I need to send complete update copy to him and after that he can
work on that.

There are chances that single project is handled by multiple teams across the
globe. So, it will be difficult if we won’t use GIT.

32. Can you give me some GIT commands which you used on daily basis?

Git status- which shows status of all the files,if we have some files which is not yet
added to our repo so it will give us untracked file.

After that we can use GIT add command after adding it will added to particular
index and we can commit this file using Git Commit -m(Message) we can
commit this untracked file. Also we have Git Merge, Git Push, Git Pull, Git checkout
in etc

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

33. How to solve Merge conflict in GIT?

As we are only 2 tester working on this project, if we have any merge conflict I
used to pull all the latest file/scripts to my local system.

Then I will analyze the difference between that particular file and merge file. After
that I will check with my team member whether all his imp things are covered
then I will add my steps and push the script to the central repo.

34. You have worked in Jenkins can you tell me how you have created jobs in
Jenkins?

We have separate Dev-Ops Team to create Jenkins jobs at broad level but we
also have access to jenkins, so we have created jobs for our internal purpose.

For creating any job we have click on create new job->inside that give name of
your job->select freestyle project->then add. Beside that we can provide
description of our project and in source code management we can choose Git->
provide repo url ->after that provide some schedule if you want to run the job on
any specific schedule time.-> select window batch command-file location-save-
click on build now for running. After triggering we can check log in console

35. What is the difference between Smoke & Sanity Testing?

Smoke and Sanity we can think like a same thing because both are checking
important functionality.

Smoke testing is done on first stable build from developer to check like whether it
is stable enough to move further or not.

While Sanity testing is subset of regression test which we perform on stable build
and here also we used to check all the imp functionality.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

36. What is Agile ceremony?

We have 4 Agile ceremony(events that occur during a Scrum sprint) -

• Sprint planning
• Sprint review
• Sprint Retrospective
• Daily scrum meeting.

37. Why the main method is static?

Java main() method is always static, so that compiler can call it without the
creation of an object or before the creation of an object of the class.

Static method of a class can be called by using the class name only without
creating an object of a class.

38. What is Run time polymorphism?

Run-Time Polymorphism: Whenever an object is bound with the functionality at

run time, this is known as runtime polymorphism.

The runtime polymorphism can be achieved by method overriding. Java virtual

machine determines the proper method to call at the runtime, not at the compile
time.

39. Difference between list and set?

The main difference between List and Set is that Set is unordered and contains
different elements, whereas the list is ordered and can contain the same
elements in it.

For more :

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-list-a nd-set-in-java/

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

40. Method overloading and overriding?

Method overriding is used to provide the specific implementation of the method

that is already provided by its super class.

Method overloading is performed within class.

Method overriding occurs in two classes that have IS-A (inheritance) relationship.

In case of method overloading, parameter must be different

Link :

https://www.javatpoint.com/method-overloading-vs-method-ove rriding-in-
java

41. Use of constructor?

The purpose of constructor is to initialize the object of a class while the purpose of
a method is to perform a task by executing java code.

Constructors cannot be abstract, final, static and synchronised while methods

can be. Constructors do not have return types while methods do.

42. Difference between static and non-static methods?

Static method uses complie time binding or early binding.

Non-static method uses run time binding or dynamic binding.

A static method cannot be overridden being compile time binding. A non-static

method can be overridden being dynamic binding.

Links :

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-static-and- non-static-
method-in-java/

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

43. What is a super keyword in java?

The super keyword refers to superclass (parent) objects. It is used to call

superclass methods, and to access the superclass constructor.

The most common use of the super keyword is to eliminate the confusion
between superclasses and subclasses that have methods with the same name.

44. Difference between break and continue statement?

Break statement resumes the control of the program to the end of loop and made
executional flow outside that loop.

Continue statement resumes the control of the program to the next iteration of
that loop enclosing 'continue' and made executional flow inside the loop again

45. Difference between this and super?

this keyword mainly represents the current instance of a class.

On other hand super keyword represents the current instance of a parent class.

this keyword used to call default constructor of the same class.

46. What is the difference between length and length() in Java?

array.length: length is a final variable applicable for arrays. With the help of the
length variable, we can obtain the size of the array.

string.length() : length() method is a final variable which is applicable for string

objects. The length() method returns the number of characters present in the
string.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

47. Types of the assertion in selenium?

Selenium Assertions can be of three types: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”.

When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will
continue execution, logging the failure. A “waitFor” command waits for some
condition to become true.

48. Have you used the action class and where it is used?

Actions class is an ability provided by Selenium for handling keyboard and mouse
events.

Actions action = new Actions(driver);

action.moveToElement(element).click().perform();

The perform() method is used to perform the series of actions that are defined.

Link : https://www.browserstack.com/guide/action-class-in-selenium

49. What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?

There are two types of exceptions: checked exception and unchecked exception.

The main difference between checked and unchecked exception is that the
checked exceptions are checked at compile-time while unchecked exceptions
are checked at runtime.

checked exceptions –

SQLException,IOException,ClassNotFoundException,InvocationTargetException

unchecked exceptions –
NullPointerException,ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,ArithmeticException,IllegalA
rgumentException NumberFormatException

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

50. Apart from sendkeys, are there any different ways, to type content onto the
editable field?

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

JavascriptExecutor executor = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

executor.executeScript("document.getElementBy Id("textbox_id").value='new
value';);

51. Annotations in Cucumber?

Total 11 Annotations - Feature, Scenario, Background, given, when , then, and, but,
example, scenario outline, scenario template.

52. What are hashmap and HashSet? Explain??

HashMap and HashSet both are one of the most important classes of Java
Collection framework. ... HashMap Stores elements in form of key-value pair i.e
each element has its corresponding key which is required for its retrieval during
iteration. HashSet stores only objects no such key value pairs maintained.

Links :

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-hashmap-and-hashset/
https://www.javatpoint.com/difference-between-hashset-and-hashmap

53. Where do you use a hashmap??

Maps are used for when you want to associate a key with a value and Lists are an
ordered collection. Map is an interface in the Java Collection Framework and a
HashMap is one implementation of the Map interface.

HashMap are efficient for locating a value based on a key and inserting and
deleting values based on a key. HashMap map = new HashMap<>();.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

Example :

// Add elements to the map

map.put("vishal", 10);

map.put("sachin", 30);

map.put("vaibhav", 20);

// Print size and content

System.out.println("Size of map is:- "+ map.size()); System.out.println(map);

// Check if a key is present and if present, print value

if (map.containsKey("vishal")) { Integer a = map.get("vishal");

System.out.println("value for key"+ " \"vishal\" is:- " + a);

54. How do you handle if XPath is changing dynamically?

Option 1: Look for any other attribute which Is not changing every time In that div
node like name, class etc. So If this div node has class attribute then we can write
xpath as bellow.

//div[@class='post-body entry-content']/div[1]/form[1]/input[1]

Option 2: We can use absolute xpath (full xpath) where you do not need to give
any attribute names In xpath.

/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[4]/div[1]/div/
div/div/div[1]/div/div/div/div [1]/div[2]/div[1]/form[1]/input[1]

Option 3: We can use starts-with function. In this xpath's ID attribute, "post-body-"

part remains same every time. //div[starts-with(@id,'post-body-
')]/div[1]/form[1]/input[1]

Option 4: We can use contains function. Same way you can use contains function
as Above

//div[contains(@id,'post-body-')]/div[1]/form[1]/input[1]

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

55. Does Jenkins require a local system for CI??

It is a server-based application and requires a web server like Apache Tomcat

56. When finally block get executed? ?

The finally block always executes when the try block exits. This ensures that the
finally block is executed even if an unexpected exception occurs.

57. How many times you can write catch block?

maximum one catch block will be executed.

Yes, we can write multiple catch block but only one

is executed at a time.

58. What Maven Architecture and explain pom.xml?

POM is an acronym for Project Object Model. The pom.xml file contains
information of project and configuration information for the maven to build the
project such as dependencies, build directory, source directory, test source
directory, plugin, goals etc. Maven reads the pom.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

59. How you handle alert in selenium webdriver?

Simple alert(one option), Confirm Alert(Y/N), Prompt alert(enter any value)

Alert a= driver.switchTo().alert();

• a.getText();
• a.accept();
• a.dismiss();
• a.sendKeys(“name”);

60. How to handle iframes in selenium webdriver?

• driver.switchTo().frames(via index value, name, webelement);

• driver.findElement(by.id(“value”)).getText();
• driver.switchTo().defaultContent();-To get back from iframe

61. How many types of WebDriver API ’s are available in selenium?

• Chrome
• Geko
• Chromium
• Edge
• Html
• android

62. What are the different exception you faced in selenium webdriver?

Webdriver exc, noalertpresent exc, nosuchwindow exc, nosuchelement exc,

timeout exc.

63. How do you scroll down a page using javascript in selenium?

window.scrollby( , ) function E.g:

js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,1000)"); //Scroll vertically down by 1000 pixels

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

Link:

https://www.guru99.com/scroll-up-down-selenium-webdriver.html

64. How do you scroll down to a particular element?

//This will scroll the page till the element is found

js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", Element);

65. Which all files can be used as a data source for different frameworks?

.csv, .xml, .text etc

66. What are listeners in selenium?

Listener is defined as interface that modifies the default TestNG's behavior.

As the name suggests Listeners "listen" to the event defined in the selenium script
and behave accordingly.

It is used in selenium by implementing Listeners Interface. It allows customizing

TestNG reports or logs.

There are two types of Selenium Listeners:

WebDriver Listeners

TestNG Listeners

Link: https://www.guru99.com/listeners-selenium-webdriver.html

67. How do you take screenshots in selenium webdriver?

TakesScreenshot scrShot = ((TakesScreenshot)webdriver);

File SrcFile = scrShot.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); Link :

https://www.guru99.com/take-screenshot-selenium-webdriver. html

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

68. What do you mean by WebDriver?

Webdriver is an interface which is used to automate api of browser for testing.

69. How you handle dropdown values?

From select class,

via visible text, value, index.

70. How to handle hidden elements in selenium webdriver?

JavascriptExecuter js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

js.excuteScript(“document.getElementById(“<>”).val ue=’Hiddentext);

71. What does means Public static void main(variable,value) ?

Public/private/protected/default- Access specifier

Static- modifier

Void- return type

Main-class name

72. What are the open source frameworks supported by selenium webdriver?

TestNG, Junit, Cucumber, Robot Framework, Appium, Protractor

73. How to get color of webelement using selenium webdriver?

First get the locator of webElement , then get

String color = object.getCssValue(“background-color”);

String HexbackColor= color.fromString(color).asHex();

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

It will give you RGB codes , you need to convert them into back color using HEX
function.

74. How to reverse an Integer?

int num = 12345;

int rev = 0; while(num !=0){

rev =rev *10+ num % 10;

num = num/10;

Sysout (rev)

75. How to reverse a string?

String str = “Jaikishan”;

int len = str.length();

String rev = ” ”;

for(int i=len-1 ; i>=0 ; i--){

rev = rev + str.charAt(i);

Sysout(rev);

76. How will you print length of string without using length method.

String str = “Jaikishan”

1. int i = 0;

for(char c: str.toCharArray()) { i++;

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

System.out.println("Length of the given string ::"+i);

OR

2. Sysout(str.toCharArray().length); Sysout(str.lastIndexOf(“”));

Link: https://java2blog.com/find-length-of-string-without-using/

77. How to swap two numbers without using a third variable?

public static void swapNumbers(int a, int b) { b = b + a;

a = b - a;

b = b - a;

78. Write down syntax of iterator function?

Iterator<String> it = studentList.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){

System.out.println(it.next());

79. How to reverse any array?

public class reverse array {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int [] Array ={7,8,9,3,4,6,11,67,98};

for(int k=Array.length-1 ; k>=0 ; k--) {

System.out.print( Array[k] + " ");

}}

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

80. How to find additional element in list while comparing 2 List?

If we have 2 list l1 & l2 , first we remove all element of l2

L1.removeAll(l2);

Sysout(L1) – you will get additional element.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

STRING Post-mortem

String: String is a sequence of character in java which can be defined as below:

String str=”Jaikishan”;

Char ch[] = {‘J’,’a’,’i’,’k’,’i’,’s’,’h’,’a’,’n’};

String.valueOf(ch);

java.lang.String class is used to create a string object.

Different String methods:

• Int compareTo() - The Java String compareTo() method is used for

comparing two strings lexicographically.
• boolean equals() - The java string equals() method compares the two
given strings based on the content of the string (case sensitive)
• String concat() – concat two strings
• boolean equalsIgnoreCase() - The java string equalsIgnoreCase() method
compares the two given strings based on the content of the string (not
case sensitive)
• char charAt() – index position - The java string charAt() method returns a
char value at the given index number.
• boolean contains() - true if the sequence of char value exists, otherwise
false.
• toUpperCase() – convert to upper case
• toLowerCase() – convert to lower case
• trim() – remove spaces from both sides of string
• substring() - returns part of string
• boolean endsWith() - ends with specified suffix or not
• boolean startWith() - start with specified prefix or not

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

• int length() - the total number of characters present in the string.

• replace() - returns a string replacing all the old char or CharSequence to
new char or CharSequence.
• int num = Integer.parseInt(str); - Convert String to int using
Integer.parseInt(String)
• int num = Integer.valueOf(str); - Convert String to int using
Integer.valueOf(String)
• Convert int to String using String.valueOf()

String int ivar = 123;

String str = String.valueOf(ivar);

System.out.println("String is: "+str);

System.out.println(555+str);

• Convert int to String using Integer.toString()

int ivar = 123;

String str = Integer.toString(ivar);

System.out.println("String is: "+str);

System.out.println(555+str);

★ In java, string objects are immutable. Immutable simply means unmodified or

unchangeable.Once string object is created its data or state can't be changed
but a new string object is created.

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

Selenium Commands

#1) get() Methods

• driver.get("https://google.com"); -- used to open an URL and it will wait till

the whole page gets loaded.
• driver.getClass(); -- The command is used to retrieve the Class object that
represents the runtime class of this object
• driver.getCurrentUrl(); -- This command returns the URL of the currently
active web page in the browser.
• driver.getPageSource(); -- This command helps in getting the entire HTML
source code of the open web page.
• driver.getTitle(); -- This command can be used for displaying the title of the
current web page.
• driver.getText(); -- delivers the innerText of a WebElement.
• driver.findElement(By.id("findID")).getAttribute("va lue"); -- used to retrieve
the value of the specified attribute
• driver.getWindowHandle(); -- used to tackle with the situation when we
have more than one window to deal with.

#2) Locating links by linkText() and partialLinkText()

• driver.findElement(By.linkText(“jaikishan”)).click();

finds the element using link text

• driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“jai”)).click();

find the elements based on the substring of the link

#3) Selecting multiple items in a drop dropdown

// select the multiple values from a dropdown

• Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("Id_in_select_class"

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

)));

• select.selectByValue("greenvalue"); - By Value
• select.selectByVisibleText("Red"); - By Visible Text
• select.selectByIndex(2); - By Index

#4) Submitting a form

driver.findElement(By.<em>id</em>("submit")).submit();

driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("abc@gmail.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("pass")).sendKeys("123456");
driver.findElement(By.id("pass")).submit(); // submitting form with submit()

OR

driver.findElement(By.name("login")).click(); // submitting form with click()

#5) Handling iframes

• Select iframe by id -- driver.switchTo().frame(“ID of the frame“);

• Locating iframe using tagName --
driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName(“iframe”).get(0));
• Locating iframe using the index: -- driver.switchTo().frame(0);
• Locating by Name of iframe -- driver.switchTo().frame(“name of the
frame”);
• Select Parent Window -- driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); •

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

#6) close() and quit() methods

• driver.close(); -- closes only a single window that is being accessed by the

WebDriver instance currently
• driver.quit(); -- closes all the windows that were opened by the WebDriver
instance

#7) Exception Handling

Exceptions are the conditions or situations that halt the program execution
unexpectedly.

Reasons for such conditions can be:

• Errors introduced by the user

• Errors generated by the programmer
• Errors generated by physical resources

WebElement saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("Save"));

try{ if(saveButton.isDisplayed()){

saveButton.click();} }

catch(NoSuchElementException e)

{ e.printStackTrace(); }

Other useful Commands :

• isEnabled() -- to Check Whether the Element is Enabled Or Disabled in the

Selenium WebDriver.

boolean textBox =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='textbox1']")).isEnabled();

• pageLoadTimeout(time,unit) -- to set the time for a page to load.

driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(500, SECONDS);

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

• implicitlyWait() -- to set a wait time before searching and locating a web

element.

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS);.

• until() and visibilityOfElementLocated() -- until() from WebdriverWait and

visibilityOfElementLocated() from ExpectedConditions to wait explicitly till
an element is visible in the webpage.

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

WebElement element =
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated
(By.xpath("//input[@id=’name’]")));

• untill() and alertIsPresent() -- untill() from WebdriverWait and

alertIsPresent() from ExpectedConditions to wait explicitly till an alert
appears.

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent() );

#8) Select

WebElement mySelectedElement = driver.findElement(By.id("select")); Select

dropdown= new Select(mySelectedElement);

• dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Jaikishan");
• dropdown.selectByValue("Fav_course");
• dropdown.selectByIndex(1);
• dropdown.deselectByVisibleText(“Jaikishan");
• dropdown.deselectByValue("Fav_course");
• dropdown.deselectByIndex(1);

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

#9) navigate() methods

navigate() -- to navigate between the URLs.

➢ driver.navigate().to("https://www.mohantyacadem y.com");
➢ driver.navigate().back();
➢ driver.navigate().forward();
➢ driver.navigate().refresh();

#10) getScreenshotAs() methods

getScreenshotAs() -- to Capture the entire page screenshot in Selenium

WebDriver.

➢ File shot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputT ype.FILE);

➢ FileUtils.copyFile(shot, new File("D:\\criticalbug.jpg"));

Other useful Commands :

• moveToElement()

Actions actions = new Actions(driver); WebElement mouseHover =

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='bestTutor']/div"));
actions.moveToElement(mouseHover);

actions.perform();

• dragAndDrop()

actions.dragAndDrop(sourceLocator, destinationLocator).build().perform();

• switchTo() and accept(), dismiss() and sendKeys() -- methods from Alert

class to switch to popup alerts and handle them.

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.sendKeys("Don’t forget to give 5 star rating");

alert.accept();

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics
 kasperanalytics.com

+918130877931

★ alert.dismiss() can be used to dismiss the alert.

• assertEquals(),assertNotEquals(), assertTrue() and assertFalse() --

Assertions are used to compare the expected and actual results. Pass or
fail of a test is usually decided from the result of assertions.

Assert.assertEquals(message, “This text”);

Assert.assertNotEquals(message, “This text”);

Assert.assertTrue(result<0);

Assert.assertFalse(result<0);

hr@kasperanalytics.com

kasper-analytics