BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS

MEC301: Business Analytics Using Python

Masters in Applied Economics

Submitted by,

Medini. J.S [2339227]

3MAECO

Submitted to,

Dr. Umamaheswari D

Assistant Professor

Department of Economics

CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

Yeshwanthpur Campus, Bengaluru

31st, July 2024

● abs()

Gives out the absolute value of a number.

● all()

Gives out `True` if all elements of an iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty).

● any()

Gives out `True` if any element of an iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, it Gives out
`False`.

● ascii()

Gives out a string containing a printable representation of an object, but only ASCII characters.
Non-ASCII characters are escaped.

● bin()
Converts an integer to a binary string.

● bool()

Converts a value to a Boolean, using the standard truth testing procedure.

● breakpoint()

Drops into the debugger at the call site. (New in Python 3.7)

● bytearray()

Gives out an array of bytes.

● bytes()

Gives out a bytes object.

Gives out `True` if the object appears callable, and `False` if not.

● chr()

Gives out the string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer `i`.

● classmethod()

Gives out a class method for the given function.

● compile()

Compiles the source into a code or AST object. Code objects can be executed by `exec()` or
`eval()`.

● complex()
Creates a complex number or converts a string or number to a complex number.

● delattr()

Deletes the named attribute from an object.

● dict()

Creates a new dictionary.

● dir()

Attempts to return a list of valid attributes of the object.

● divmod()

Takes two numbers and Gives out a pair of numbers (a tuple) consisting of their quotient and
remainder.
 ● enumerate()

Adds a counter to an iterable and gives out it as an enumerate object.

● eval()

Parses the expression passed to this function and runs Python expression (code) within the
program.

● exec()

Executes the dynamically created program, which is either a string or a code object.

● filter()

Constructs an iterator from those elements of iterable for which function gives out true.
 ● float()

Converts a number or a string to a floating-point number.

● format()

Gives out a formatted representation of the given value controlled by the format specifier.

● frozenset()

Gives out a new frozenset object, optionally with elements taken from iterable.

● getattr()

Gives out the value of the named attribute of an object.

Gives out a dictionary representing the current global symbol table.

● hasattr()

Gives out `True` if the object has the named attribute. Otherwise `False`.

● hash()

Gives out the hash value of the object (if it has one).

● help()

Invokes the built-in help system.

Converts an integer number to a lowercase hexadecimal string prefixed with "0x".

● id()

Gives out the identity of an object.

● input()

Reads a line from input, converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and Gives out that.

● int()

Converts a number or string to an integer.

● isinstance()

Check if an object is an instance or subclass of a class or tuple of classes.

● issubclass()
Checks if a class is a subclass of another class or tuple of classes.

● iter()

Gives out an iterator object.

● len()

Gives out the length (the number of items) of an object.

● list()

Creates a list.

● locals()

Updates and Gives out a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.
 ● map()

Applies a function to all the items in an input list.

● max()

Gives out the largest item in an iterable or the largest of

● memoryview()

Gives out a memory view object.

● min()

Gives out the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments.

● next()

Retrieves the next item from an iterator.

Gives out a new featureless object. `object` is a base for all classes.

● oct()

Converts an integer to an octal string.

● open()

Opens a file and Gives out a corresponding file object.

● ord()

Gives out an integer representing the Unicode code point of the given Unicode character.

● pow()

Gives out x raised to the power y.

● print()
Prints the given object(s) to the standard output device (screen) or to the text stream file.

● property()

Gives out a property attribute.

● range()

Gives out a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 (by default),
and stops before a specified number.

● repr()

Gives out a string containing a printable representation of an object.

● reversed()

Gives out a reversed iterator.

Gives out a new set object, optionally with elements taken from iterable.

● setattr()

Sets the value of the named attribute of an object.

● slice()

Gives out a slice object representing the set of indices specified by `range(start, stop, step)`.

● sorted()

Gives out a new sorted list from the items in iterable.

● staticmethod()

Gives out a static method for the given function.

● str()
Gives out a string version of the object.

● sum()

Sums start and the items of an iterable from left to right and Gives out the total.

● super()

Gives out a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of `type`.

● tuple()

Gives out a tuple.

● type()

Gives out the type of an object.

● vars()

Gives out the `__dict__` attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with a
`__dict__` attribute.
 ● zip()

Gives out an iterator of tuples, where the i-th tuple contains the i-th element from each of
the argument sequences or iterables.

● __import__()

This function is invoked by the `import` statement.