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Tutorial 10

This document contains a tutorial for MATH1013 University Mathematics II at The University of Hong Kong, focusing on solving various ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and initial value problems (IVPs). It includes multiple exercises categorized by type, such as Bernoulli equations, separable ODEs, homogeneous ODEs, linear ODEs, and second-order ODEs. Students are encouraged to find explicit solutions where possible and practice solving the provided problems.

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18 views2 pages

Tutorial 10

This document contains a tutorial for MATH1013 University Mathematics II at The University of Hong Kong, focusing on solving various ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and initial value problems (IVPs). It includes multiple exercises categorized by type, such as Bernoulli equations, separable ODEs, homogeneous ODEs, linear ODEs, and second-order ODEs. Students are encouraged to find explicit solutions where possible and practice solving the provided problems.

Uploaded by

leehinchung7761
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MATH1013 University Mathematics II


Tutorial 10

In all ODE or IVP questions in this tutorial, you may leave your answers in whatever forms.
However, sometimes you may be instructed to find the explicit solutions (expressing y as a function
in x). Therefore, it is a good practice for you to look for explicit solutions whenever possible.

1. Solve each of the following ODEs or IVPs.

(a) y ′ + (x − 2)y 2 = (sin x)y 2


(b) x3 y ′ + xy + 2 = 0 and y(1) = 0

2. (a) Let P (x, y) = ax + by + r and Q(x, y) = cx + dy + s where a, b, c, d, r, s are constants such


that ad − bc ≠ 0. Find two constants α and β (depending on a, b, c, d, r, s) such that

P (x, y) = a(x − α) + b(y − β) and Q(x, y) = c(x − α) + d(y − β).

(b) Considering a substitution of the form X = x − α and Y = y − β, solve the ODE

(x − y + 3)y ′ = x + y − 1.

x
3. (Bernoulli differential equation) Using the substitution u = y 3 , solve the ODE y ′ + 2y = .
y2

4. (a) Solve the IVP y ′′ − 5y ′ + 4y = 0, y(0) = 5 and y ′ (0) = 14.


(b) For the solution y in part (a), compute lim y(x) and lim y(x).
x→−∞ x→∞

5. Solve the ODE y ′′ − 9y ′ + 20y = −442 sin x.

Additional problems:

6. (Separable ODE) Solve each of the following ODEs or IVPs.

(a) y ′ = 1 − y 2
3x2 + 4x − 4
(b) y ′ =
2y − 4
y2
(c) y ′ = and y(0) = 1
1 + x2

1
7. (Homogeneous ODE) Solve each of the following ODEs or IVPs.
y−x
(a) y ′ =
x − 4y
y(x − y)
(b) y ′ =
x2
(c) x y + 2xy 2 = 3y 3 and y(1) = 2
3 ′

8. (Linear ODE) Solve each of the following ODEs or IVPs.

(a) 2y ′ − y = 4 sin 3x and y(0) = 1


(b) y ′ sin x + 2y cos x = 1
y
(c) y ′ + = x2 + x
x+1

9. (2nd-order ODE) Solve each of the following ODEs or IVPs.

(a) y ′′ − 6y ′ + 9y = 0, y(0) = 4 and y ′ (0) = −3


(b) y ′′ − 2y ′ + 5y = 0, y(0) = 1 and y ′ (0) = −3
(c) y ′′ = y ′ + 6y

10. Solve each of the following ODEs or IVPs.

(a) (x + y)y ′ = 4x − 3y
(b) (cos y)y ′ = 3x2 and y(1) = π
1 sin x
(c) y ′′ + y ′ = cos x +
x x

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