RELATIVITY
The Searc.ch Por
fandamenjal absolte
p
ePerence
rceperence
Pecame
resaled in the discovej, ort ratho
o
the
m e d i u m Call ed uminevss ehoY ort oftenb
mveru,
ehes.
Mic helson More Pertorcn one he
mostamocs expesime4s in he hs je Physles
Prcoye existonce eHe ba4 he e DeamONnt portocm ave
a nui esudA
MICHELSoN MoRLEY xPerTMET,
The aPParsteus uSed b micheso 4 moriey is known Cs
interferometer since idePends apon e frinciPle
interterence 92ht
APParakus requires*
Source o monochrerman' 74, Two mircY (Peal refuesidn).
One Paethal reLeshy mtu, TelescoPe
aaaseftaen
ConstucHun 4 worckog
rmntch
menochamotC h t
S s aSod Ce
aPosralt el beam
v e
PLi up nto wo
Tke inciden4 heam is hus s
Poeaa
eoh Omex reetuntig
Parcts 04 A at ruht onjes
¢
eual nFensiy. One
reeeeA4
CLnoeY
Tefrraeted
eaVI siveed
Tu micoTS CM M) aae
d muutyple rrefleszbns)
replesbng)
cLUOT
O) the faoH face l t
eoh
angfesoe
anraagod
at rh
hesame d'sance 0 frm Plase P
Othes o
Michelsen Morley expexi ment
-
aPParakus uses by Michelson 2 Morces ko
Mter fegomesey enee t oponas uroo he Principle o
theenferenee ot
APParay reyuired
Sourree mono ehromatc utTwo miraor CPederd
coflest), one wTLIEY (toaaley refteozin Poataty a n
TelescoPe.
FrPesi mend. agsonRement
reeted
AS wu be esi Sen e beam
tnaver ses
the i tkness
hece whexeas He one rrefrras4eA On to MTLOY
M dres So ony on e
Teort
e vbe the velscq of affartalas ( e e p c )telsee to
e
Cbe he. voleei ht
M M O
e e Me tHme taven by the ercos4ed
move toutards mraoy M, TS TefLeed
to o 3
beue
h e TeloVe veleuTy o wrt he aforateu
4 #B eACtVg
along Mcelc -U)
CA 4oc)
D 20C
Sottt D
C-v Ctv
n inemial. extons'an
2D(1+V
hen he refvemes ay Moves ooagdS the maecr
Mahen he ovna- s Sh4e S
Comes back the poiny
Pesendecad rrom povts P, The e3ud4-ans
Vod e vedeci aen Perpen6eusos dteabn
. 44 D -M2
0(1
sin Bhoma exlonsy
2c
+ be +he d¥feence me texen y
efrar+es 4 efeuod
(b4)4 c 3
+S4')
Le4 A, be the Path dfeeneeCovee
4he 03 C- Ax),
b
(A cx Dv
(A Dv
he whale affaralas s toadeA bY a
enT Anathe
Shig+n oays
due monom of antm , h e a
aaaas tdS Talued
w o m mrYCM41 beCome
tojeschayed
NoO beceme[4>t
4D
c t =D
(A-+ DVD - Dv
c 2c3 3
.-(, -) 2Dv
weAnbuo Po-dh dtfexoce, Av=nA
2D2Dv
c2
anog coheh Shft due tb Dx Cn)
o37 61
37)6
V 3Xlo m
c-O1
V- 3Xlons
M
NeRave escA
The aelod. ShP he tneerence Prdder) Obsenves
h owevey e s m uch o0 Small almDst neggigible
tnddcan 0LeoC no neloive vafoa between
eocth e ethes
Ahe
+hevejsd i
I I905 Eins tein nom el hat
coNesal ConsLon. (C-
31 1 nls
sPale S a
Coneeft o cetoki i n s et's (ceP o relaV
mortLe Pema4
A4OY e fallute o mithelson4
is boslute o ed
Einsem jelt he no a
rome eferee
celiVe
are
mo4ion < res
J.e alhe
ahoud. celodvi,
Einstein avos dwo theo
(omfacesmsmJnaud cLnaeleroes
Paomes d
egere,
Te(ve Consdon
( e Comte)
eneral ereletv]|s«
alteJer apod rom
rferenee,
Tnon- tnesl ad) TeV Vbatuor
1Speciad theor elaivit
Te Awo basic PosHulakes o sPeedal heen
celavi*,
e s + Postulate (Atm ctPLe ef relatv*3)
mposslwe do disngutsh beweon wo dnedal
rom es whleh mov'n Telawe to e ath Oho
Pslcl mesonennt e e thee Pen damensal
aALAD'S Pses arce Same Mau heante
rane
Second Pastulue fraherPle constoney speeA
Tke veleek t Same
inree SPaee, and y(c- Nd ng) ntn
cul dirzea
oto( SPaee o Öbsepveso hdepender
mdepenAeNA
boh.
T.e Ctv=C
No4e-
>alleon dronsfor note a o V2
V eseat
est zdTosnojt
Vagd oy
Vdstb heaal dran
Lor entZ
Tcans for snaetoy (o Loc ent Coocna
z
Ase eatn Tanformatt
h'Ch ceeesCnt the
Coosdnakes sPate 44me an eon
n one om elate to
nafey Cooy
Same een anoey e a l ane
efebence Velsedg CVo)
+ Resu4s o'ng faom enentz tans togMatto)
Oength conttaltroy
Simutdane HS
Tt'me dila4on
Lesgh Conaot/on
The engh a tod, as Measuaed th a
h esp es
lane efeatnte nes un
9 Ctt(ed 1s opey-Legh
the. observes
TKe leggin tAe Oby'eot conrasted JhE)
he ob'eo move twrth a vetoa7 ComPaerble
to
a
bserves
ano S
=Con traeted enyh
ength coteaoton a n 08jent- Mbvi a vC
YS
S -1 -)
ash e49t z-qEnsfoamay
4 t
4-
Pae the vala 4 n e"O
Y-v4
(-V+)
- V2
L Cndrot)
L oze0-{ z
The Shotteni o Cnmdaek) nthe engthoan
mehbn knoun
s TE4n o
ob e olnq
ob eo oln
Lenentz CoN rreat n
(tonent z cantnot )
S vue) (Redrge
Cr) e 3e
8Simutkaneird-oc felsavgSmuianeity )
e A4 be two eyenks whu'ch a
Shmuaneous in tame s w eh s movA with
Speed Con Xaxs
>urt me s (aso) A
t
)
ti)
.aNuh)
A
c2
1-
4+
c2
1-
c2 y1-
Smee in
+ -
1 -v
4, (-) Y
AS T , simultanes evenk ane s
afpea non-Smuteneou nt
SPeara Cug-e
T 1 in saome
4O , 7
Ti me dijtton,-
Cuhes one o bsesvex 1S n Ye latVe motlon
obsemve
ith e S pec4 o onohey L,whiCh t'S pmesent n a
CAo
Ohsenver cwntch sin moHon
res fstame he
SpeeSpee VCv ees hat the tme
bsersve cwre hey
ey
Pass ses stey f -s4
The me Intesvq measae4 by he
obser vet of movin tane 'sS
Tw's ime intenyd s
ot-4-O
Coued Pes time,
measonis by obsevey
oSome tame
Poo) which cJoc s Plseed)
feane S c tme
for obsev
tosyal meaguned is
t4, 2 1 s Calted mpup
Hme
c
-t 1
1-v2
c2
t-t- - -Vx
c
T.
ToPaopextme 4ntem
1v Im? nep e e AM&eva
STme dilam
dAJael e ( neas anan
e 1- c< obs ever Uwen N
Fr )
eg
Tefys a n tn the
due o relane meen
Tme dddomorn
edol Caos-
ngh Contaain
Ttme dAJah' reedpao eal
moyina cloCM (usn s
Sloule
Note-
No L6entz ans for matton
eustas one
-V
JnfeckNE Noe
Convexed mo
Ja/Lo Manlfmo
faahcLeP C n ed Move
Onl ason deo4non
0-0
1 Vx
0foeivn'sHC addltton Vejeci
Let =C U =o
U- V - C-V
1-Vy 1 Ve
c2
C x = C
cV
I.e vencai
hvoe/nt
>Sim}al C+V=
N o e
C-V
bode Canot be
ecidt
becaute Nnow M
V=C M -o
E=-me
E oyc E oswhtwhtnsn0t Vatd V athd
aCcodn4 to sewBn
Relauivisttc OoPPLey eleat
1. ong tdinod Do PPy e m senve)
Transvese PPler sbsenvev
7 I4 a
Phenomeno whlch Hey a
Chg
treueney o ht due toTelative m
betweey Source mation
obseVey, Thi'S e{feot
obsesyaLLe s when the spee d o
ol seyvey
ComfbrcAbLe to sRed 9
fzression fo Pore mgitiral DoPRY effe
Con sLes aL
M Plane
MOying alTX-anus he
e l e d e esd vecdov o e waye
e n as,
w+
E =
ECos (k- neggble
SCseA
Peepuay
ConHam4
Velncit
1o-wt Phs clesleomagnesfe. woye
frome
rome S , altosdin to STR he Phue o awo
Ocweuwo
must be iaalan4 ndeyLorLentz tronsgoona4ion3.
aln -ans
-w av)-t+V)
.4-
K + KVA w w
1-
Com PaN_ kh sldag e get
3
w kv
w
1- -
w 2 , V= we 2 y
f-
C-y) C v
Ci-) C1+)
JC-CC
CcCe-v
Ve ceev)
Ctv ne
In e C-V
a Poruen crginal
en neyuenu
Noe S
'
+V
C V
auye-
-AffaaeL Welengah o 9
C-v
tv
Put
T c-V
c-v
Red ShiP4
The A rom the istant Starts ajaajayies
ne +owyds
3hous 4he shft odhe specd
ed means 4ha 4he
ae nece
sinj om
he
h e
Vnoun a red ChH.fpngi4ubinel dofPLer Ctert
U
that Cnvose 1's
Red SAi4 +heo Soppeat
allbodros eceding frum ore
efondine,wih
anothe.
DoPpLevs efject
ans yerse
a wave
TNO
freyuer Tme
CwaNe
Consider a Pae
Freuen fyeun alonq y-aus
Tone S
beween t o
The me indesval
ne Peno w one ss
s Peofe 4me),
Contept o4tme dilahn, dhe
ActongHo
wtbbseyer novin
noVin1
me
m e neval
mee S'CImPrPey 4me)
Put
(
Rel vistH mauss VorratHon ormula
Ke maus o a
bed too, u'xa Legtn (or sr )
me, s dePendent 0 moy'on a the bod
mass vels eve rrelo h e sPeoAt
dhesr
Teloi, d'can ha MASS n o ongor he
absludeinvachnt 4uanty clusecal Physses
Dut depende ufon heVeit heh E
a oVe
he SPeedCemparahh
then he
Mass o bod beem monete
7caesin SS Van bn,
0bod
mo mov4 mass is moethon
mLs S
a
Reg moss
reiuivistic Vochuoncmd
tt Oesivation bf mass
>Let s Cen3lder wo aenaol bedos B mas m
opposite drechons
Te movin
Te i'n s' fme
wth yelociaie u u a -a/'s TKe
cotlidea eateed ineloste au and
afto Collgt
twll S4t teehe
Pegey
Cor i'sen
B aPPLn lad
tum
Co1uaàtn mome
m es
MSaone,
momeAHELM
nomentum
cal'sion
couSjn aAr
befove
-Ko(2m) y! bo Com,hed
0 L e e fhu1esawr4 srone
Qe
frame S an e hY veleer'ts in S ene
AP-es celliSfon Le4 MasS 8 Combined bo dy s
M ond} es
withvela V w4 S n
wet Shn
S rrentz tmansfrmazm ionuda
forr 34e
mo hon t
-den)
4+U'
for body 5 , u,-,
-u
1- Vu
:- -
aPin cservasion n ey mon entun 1
tM m+m)V
m,-u+
1- v
- 64
1+10u 1- c
u'+-Va- v1
1 u
(v
-vu)
m,
m
y c2 +0-
c2
1+ vu
c 1
tm
1-Vu
mass tor4
lombined
S Veloc o
tnome s sL
he mass m a4 res
S,
Raspec do SS feane
frane
moyng wh y
V= )
1+Vo
ul+u)
(145
s3.s- )
+
- e+V+ U-v-y
aCi+ol
-
Smu
Dvtd b
- 1 +Vu
2 (6
(1 Vu
Value in e
Pedt
-e)
JG )
masS o movn hl co vesf
UV)
mz
f1- (mmg
MaAS-Enera eui'valen ce-Ce-mc
horee Ene
m Relo4VSHC s s
C spee d ht m a
Deriyan
enaider bod o r e s mag moving with veteey
vel vey
V(V)
The relvs+Hc no435 l o d,M
e a
a oe apPlae bo
S mau ddsploe ema d Terrfnre
Splac
dne
he Smau Wov
dw fd
Thws oK done s AoUn aS .e
n , dTfdx
dT p d
d Cm)d
eAore id T = m V o) d
N dT md V d
xdy + V d dm
=
m
dT mvdy v m -
stem v2
BSworde
mCe-v)= m
bon slaos
D4o1enatasng on
mdCe-p
d
C0-Vxdv
m
dt ) tmd 6
m Vdy+ (c-)2mdmpm =
o
mvdv t (cv)Ldn=o
cem 'dm -o
ydtmdy= cdm )
e
dT c - y n +vh
dT Cm
-
T m
dT
T (m-m)c
T mcm
me Tt M
tDhPr, mc*= Tota enerd bod
T £ boéJ
moc=rgt mass en dy
mess- ent D
SAen
eladan
Cae e mc
mea enes 4 mas diferenad
oneSingpe 1ant
