UNIT 04 : PER UNIT SYSTEM
(CONTENTS)
Single line diagram, Impedance and reactance diagrams and their uses, per unit
quantities, relationships, selection of base, change of base, reduction to common
base, advantages and application of per unit system. Numerical based on network
reduction by using per unit system.
References:
1. Power System Analysis & Design : B.R. Gupta (S Chand)
2. A Course in Power Systems : J.B. Gupta (S Kataria)
3. Electrical Power System : C.L. Wadhwa (New Age International)
4. Modern Power System Analysis : Nagrath Kothari (TMH)
Types of Numerical:
1) Per Unit System (PU System)
2) Symmetrical Fault Analysis
Important Formulas
Zpu (new) =
Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
AISSMS COE Pune Page 1
1 (C.L. Wadhawa)
100 MVA, 33 kV, 3 phase generator has Xd’’ of 15 %. The generator is connected
to motor through a transmission line and transformers as shown. The motor have
rated inputs of 30 MVA, 20 MVA and 50 MVA at 30 kV with 20 % sub transient
reactance. 3 phase transformers are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV delta and 110 kV
star connected with leakage reactance of 8 %. The line has a reactance of 50 Ω.
With generator ratings as base quantities draw the reactance diagram on pu
values.
2 (Dr B.R.Gupta)
Two generators rated at 10 MVA and 15 MVA, 13.2 kV respectively are connected
in parallel to bus. The bus feeds two motors at 8 and 12 MVA respectively. The
rated voltage of the motor is 12.5 kV. The reactance of each generator is 15 % and
that of motor is 20 %. Assume 50 MVA and 13.8 kV as base values draw the
reactance diagram.
3 (Dr B.R.Gupta)
90 MVA 11 kV 3 phase generator has a reactance of 25 %. The generator
supplies two motors through transformers and transmission line as shown.
Transformer T1 is of 100 MVA, 10/132 kV and 6 % reactance. T2 is of 30 MVA,
115/10 kV with 5 % reactance. The motors are rated at 50 and 40 MVA at 10 kV
with 20 % reactance. Taking generator ratings as a base draw reactance diagram.
The reactance of the line is 100 Ω.
AISSMS COE Pune Page 2
4 (UOP 303145)
Draw per unit impedance diagram for the following power system.
Generator G1 & G2: 150 MVA, 13.8 kV, X’’= 15 %
Transformer T1 & T2: 100 MVA, 13.8 /132 kV, X = 10 %
Transformer T3 & T4: 125 MVA, 125 /12 kV, X = 12 %
TL1 = j 45Ω , TL2 = j 55Ω, Load 20 MW, 0.8 pf lagging , 11 kV
5 (UOP 4063-256)
100 MVA, 33 kV, 3 phase generator has Xd’’ of 15 %. The generator is connected
to three motors through a transmission line and transformers as shown. The
motor have rated inputs of 40 MVA, 30 MVA and 20 MVA at 30 kV with 20 % sub
transient reactance each. 3 phase transformers are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV delta
and 110 kV star connected with leakage reactance of 8 %. The line has a reactance
of 60 Ω. With generator ratings as base quantities draw the reactance diagram on
pu values.
AISSMS COE Pune Page 3
6 (UOP 4163-256)
Two generators rated at 15 MVA and 20 MVA, 13.2 kV respectively are connected
in parallel to bus. The bus feeds two motors at 10 and 15 MVA respectively. The
rated voltage of the motor is 12.5 kV. The reactance of each generator is 15 % and
that of motor is 20 %. Assume 60 MVA and 13.8 kV as base values draw the
reactance diagram.
7 (UOP 4363-166)
Represent the following power system in equivalent per unit diagram taking base
of 20 MVA, 11 kV of generator G1.
8 (UOP 3963-266)
A 12 MVA, 15 kV three phase alternator has a reactance of 12 % and is connected
through a delta star transformer to a high voltage transmission line having total
reactance of 100 Ω and voltage 138 kV. A load of 13.8 kV, 15 MVA with an
impedance of (0.85+j0.526) is connected at the end of the line through star- star
transformer. Each transformer is rated at 6.5 MVA, 13.8/138 kV with a reactance
of 10 %. Choose base MVA as 15 and base kV as 13.8 draw the reactance diagram.
Also determine the terminal voltage of generator. Neglect resistance of the load.
9 (UOP 5353-566)
Draw per unit reactance diagram for following base values
(MVA) base = 25, (kV) base = 69
AISSMS COE Pune Page 4
10 (UOP- Insem 19)
Draw per unit reactance diagram of following system assuming base of 30 MVA,
11 kV on generator
11 (UOP- Insem 18)
Single line diagram of 3 phase power system is as shown. Draw a reactance
diagram in per unit. Select base of 100 MVA, 20 kV of generator
12 (UOP 5460 – 565) (Repeat problem no 9)
13 (UOP – Oct 19)
Three motors are connected to a common bus. Each motor is rated at 5000 HP,
3.3 kV, 0.8 pf with 17 % reactance. They are supplied by a generator of 20 MVA,
11 kV with reactance of 10 % through 11/3.3 kV, 18 MVA transformer and having
5 % reactance. Draw per unit reactance diagram. Take 1 KVA = 1.1 HP, 20 MVA
and 11 kV as base values.
AISSMS COE Pune Page 5
Solutions
1 (C.L. Wadhawa)
100 MVA, 33 kV, 3 phase generator has Xd’’ of 15 %. The generator is connected
to motor through a transmission line and transformers as shown. The motor have
rated inputs of 30 MVA, 20 MVA and 50 MVA at 30 kV with 20 % sub transient
reactance. 3 phase transformers are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV delta and 110 kV
star connected with leakage reactance of 8 %. The line has a reactance of 50 Ω.
With generator ratings as base quantities draw the reactance diagram on pu
values.
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 100 33 kV 15 %
Transformer (T1) 110 32 / 110 kV 8%
Transmission Line (TL) ---- 110 kV j 50 Ω
Transformer (T2) 110 110 / 32 kV 8%
Motor (M1) 30 30 kV 20 %
Motor (M2) 20 30 kV 20 %
Motor (M3) 50 30 kV 20 %
MVA base = 100, kV base = 33 kV (Generator rating)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = j 0.15 pu
Xt1 = 0.08*[100/110]*[32/33]2 = j 0.06838 pu
Transmission line voltage = (33/32)*110 = 113.43 kV
XTL = 50*100 / (113.43)2 = j 0.3886 pu
AISSMS COE Pune Page 6
Xt2 = 0.08*[100/110]*[110/113.43]2 = j 0.06838 pu
Motor terminal voltage = 33 kV
Xm1 = 0.2*[100/30]*[30/33]2 = j 0.5509 pu
Xm2 = 0.2*[100/20]*[30/33]2 = j 0.8264 pu
Xm3 = 0.2*[100/50]*[30/33]2 = j 0.3305 pu
Reactance Diagram
2 (Dr B.R.Gupta)
Two generators rated at 10 MVA and 15 MVA, 13.2 kV respectively are connected
in parallel to bus. The bus feeds two motors at 8 and 12 MVA respectively. The
rated voltage of the motor is 12.5 kV. The reactance of each generator is 15 % and
that of motor is 20 %. Assume 50 MVA and 13.8 kV as base values draw the
reactance diagram.
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G1) 10 13.2 kV 15 %
Generator (G2) 15 13.2 kV 15 %
Motor (M1) 8 12.5 kV 20 %
Motor (M2) 12 12.5 kV 20 %
MVA base = 50, kV base = 13.8 kV (Given)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
AISSMS COE Pune Page 7
Xg1 = 0.15*[50/10]*[13.2/13.8]2 = j 0.6862 pu
Xg2 = 0.15*[50/15]*[13.2/13.8]2 = j 0.4574 pu
Xm1 = 0.2*[50/8]*[12.5/13.8]2 = j 1.0255 pu
Xm2 = 0.2*[50/12]*[12.5/13.8]2 = j 0.6837 pu
Reactance Diagram:
3 (Dr B.R.Gupta)
90 MVA 11 kV 3 phase generator has a reactance of 25 %. The generator supplies
two motors through transformers and transmission line as shown. Transformer T1
is of 100 MVA, 10/132 kV and 6 % reactance. T2 is of 30 MVA, 115/10 kV with 5 %
reactance. The motors are rated at 50 and 40 MVA at 10 kV with 20 % reactance.
Taking generator ratings as a base draw reactance diagram. The reactance of the
line is 100 Ω.
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 90 11 kV 25 %
Transformer (T1) 100 10 / 132 kV 6%
Transmission Line (TL) ---- 132 kV j 100 Ω
Transformer (T2) 30 115 / 10 kV 5%
Motor (M1) 50 10 kV 20 %
Motor (M2) 40 10 kV 20 %
MVA base = 90, kV base = 11 kV (Generator rating)
AISSMS COE Pune Page 8
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = j 0.25 pu
Xt1 = 0.06*[90/100]*[10/11]2 = j 0.0446 pu
Transmission line voltage = (11/10)*132 = 145.2 kV
XTL = 100*90 / (145.2)2 = j 0.4268 pu
Xt2 = 0.05*[90/30]*[115/145.2]2 = j 0.094 pu
Motor terminal voltage = (145.2/115)*10 = 12.62 kV (base)
Xm1 = 0.2*[90/50]*[10/12.62]2 = j 0.226 pu
Xm2 = 0.2*[90/40]*[10/12.62]2 = j 0.2825 pu
Reactance Diagram
4 (UOP 303145)
Draw per unit impedance diagram for the following power system.
AISSMS COE Pune Page 9
Generator G1 & G2: 150 MVA, 13.8 kV, X’’= 15 %
Transformer T1 & T2: 100 MVA, 13.8 /132 kV, X = 10 %
Transformer T3 & T4: 125 MVA, 125 /12 kV, X = 12 %
TL1 = j 45Ω, TL2 = j 55Ω
Load 20 MW, 0.8 pf lagging, 11 kV
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G1) 150 13.8 kV 15 %
Generator (G2) 150 13.8 kV 15 %
Transformer (T1) 100 13.8 / 132 kV 10 %
Transformer (T2) 100 132 / 13.8 kV 10 %
Transformer (T3) 125 12 / 125 kV 12 %
Transformer (T4) 125 125 / 12 kV 12 %
Transmission Line (TL1) ---- 132 kV j 45 Ω
Transmission Line (TL2) ---- 125 kV j 55 Ω
Load 20 MW, 0.8 pf lagging, 11 kV
MVA base = 150, kV base = 13.8 ---- (Generator rating)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg1 = Xg2 = j 0.15 pu
Xt1 = Xt2 = 0.1*[150/100]*[13.8/13.8]2 = j 0.15 pu
Xt3 = Xt4 = 0.12*[150/125]*[12/13.8]2 = j 0.1088 pu
Transmission line 1 voltage = 132 kV
XTL1 = 45*150 / (132)2 = j 0.3873 pu
Transmission line 2 voltage = (13.8/12)*125 = 143.75 kV
XTL2 = 55*150 / (143.75)2 = j 0.3992 pu
AISSMS COE Pune Page 10
Load
cos ɸ = 0.8 lag
PL (MW) = 20, PL (MVA) = 25
PL (MW) = √3* V line*IL*0.8
I load = 1312.159 amp
Z load = Vph / I = 4.84 Ω /ph
R load = Z*cos ɸ = 3.872
X load = Z*sin ɸ = 2.904
Z = (3.872 + j 2.904)
X Load = (3.872 + j 2.904)*[150/25]*[11/13.8]2 = (14.76 + j 11.07) pu
Reactance Diagram:
5 (UOP 4063-256)
100 MVA, 33 kV, 3 phase generator has Xd’’ of 15 %. The generator is connected
to three motors through a transmission line and transformers as shown. The
motor have rated inputs of 40 MVA, 30 MVA and 20 MVA at 30 kV with 20 % sub
transient reactance each. 3 phase transformers are rated at 110 MVA, 32 kV delta
and 110 kV star connected with leakage reactance of 8 %. The line has a reactance
of 60 Ω. With generator ratings as base quantities draw the reactance diagram on
pu values.
AISSMS COE Pune Page 11
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 100 33 kV 15 %
Transformer (T1) 110 32 / 110 kV 8%
Transmission Line (TL) ---- 110 kV j 60 Ω
Transformer (T2) 110 110 / 32 kV 8%
Motor (M1) 40 30 kV 20 %
Motor (M2) 30 30 kV 20 %
Motor (M3) 20 30 kV 20 %
MVA base = 100, kV base = 33 kV (Generator rating)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = j 0.15 pu
Xt1 = 0.08*[100/110]*[32/33]2 = j 0.06838 pu
Transmission line voltage = (33/32)*110 = 113.43 kV
XTL = 60*100 / (113.43)2 = j 0.4663 pu
Xt2 = 0.08*[100/110]*[110/113.43]2 = j 0.06838 pu
Motor terminal voltage = (113.43/110)*32 = 33 kV
Xm1 = 0.2*[100/40]*[30/33]2 = j 0.4132 pu
Xm2 = 0.2*[100/30]*[30/33]2 = j 0.5509 pu
Xm3 = 0.2*[100/20]*[30/33]2 = j 0.8264 pu
Reactance Diagram
AISSMS COE Pune Page 12
6 (UOP 4163-256)
Two generators rated at 15 MVA and 20 MVA, 13.2 kV respectively are connected
in parallel to bus. The bus feeds two motors at 10 and 15 MVA respectively. The
rated voltage of the motor is 12.5 kV. The reactance of each generator is 15 % and
that of motor is 20 %. Assume 60 MVA and 13.8 kV as base values draw the
reactance diagram.
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G1) 15 13.2 kV 15 %
Generator (G2) 20 13.2 kV 15 %
Motor (M1) 10 12.5 kV 20 %
Motor (M2) 15 12.5 kV 20 %
MVA base = 60, kV base = 13.8 kV (Given)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2
Xg1 = 0.15*[60/15]*[13.2/13.8]2 = j 0.5489 pu
Xg2 = 0.15*[60/20]*[13.2/13.8]2 = j 0.4117 pu
Xm1 = 0.2*[60/10]*[12.5/13.8]2 = j 0.9845 pu
Xm2 = 0.2*[60/15]*[12.5/13.8]2 = j 0.6563 pu
Reactance Diagram:
AISSMS COE Pune Page 13
7 (UOP 4363-166)
Represent the following power system in equivalent per unit diagram taking base
of 20 MVA, 11 kV of generator G1.
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G1) 20 11 kV 20 %
Generator (G2) 30 11 kV 20 %
Transformer (T1) 20 11 / 110 kV 10 %
Transformer (T2) 30 11 / 110 kV 10 %
Transformer (T3) 50 11 / 110 kV 10 %
Transmission Line (TL1) ----- 110 kV j 50Ω
Transmission Line (TL2) ----- 110 kV j 50Ω
Generator (G3) 40 13.8 kV 15 %
MVA base = 20, kV base = 11 kV (ratings of generator G1)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg1 = j 0.2 pu
Xg2 = 0.2*[20/30]*[11/11]2 = j 0.1333 pu
Xt1 = j 0.1 pu
Xt2 = 0.1*[20/30]*[11/11]2 = j 0.0667 pu
XTL1 = XTL2 = 50*20/(110)2 = j 0.0826 pu
Xt3 = 0.1*[20/50]*[11/11]2 = j 0.04 pu
Xg3 = 0.15*[20/40]*[13.8/11]2 = j 0.118 pu
AISSMS COE Pune Page 14
Reactance Diagram: -
8 (UOP 3963-266)
A 12 MVA, 15 kV three phase alternator has a reactance of 12 % and is connected
through a delta star transformer to a high voltage transmission line having total
reactance of 100 Ω and voltage 138 kV. A load of 13.8 kV, 15 MVA with an
impedance of (0.85+j0.526) is connected at the end of the line through star- star
transformer. Each transformer is rated at 6.5 MVA, 13.8/138 kV with a reactance
of 10 %. Choose base MVA as 15 and base kV as 13.8 draw the reactance diagram.
Also determine the terminal voltage of generator. Neglect resistance of the load.
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 12 15 kV 12 %
Transformer (T1) 6.5 13.8 / 138 kV 10 %
Transmission Line ----- 138 kV j 100 Ω
Transformer (T2) 6.5 138 / 13.8 kV 10 %
Load 13.8 kV, 15 MVA, (0.85 + j 0.526)
MVA base = 15, kV base = 13.8 kV (Given)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = 0.12*[15/12]*[15/13.8]2 = j 0.1772 pu
Xt1 = 0.1*[15/6.5]*[13.8/13.8]2 = j 0.2307 pu
AISSMS COE Pune Page 15
Transmission line voltage = (15/13.8)*138 = 150 kV
XTL = 100*15/(150)2 = j 0.0667 pu
Xt2 = 0.1*[15/6.5]*[138/150]2 = j 0.1953 pu
Load voltage = (150/138)*13.8 = 15 kV (base value)
X load = j 0.526 (neglecting resistance)
X load = 0.526*[15/15]*[13.8/15]2 = j 0.445 pu
Reactance Diagram:
Xtotal = Xg + Xt1 + XTL + Xt2 + XLoad
Xtotal = j 1.1149 pu
I = V / X total = 0.8969 pu ∟- 90°
I = – j 0.8969 pu
Terminal Voltage of generator
Vtg = (1∟0°) – (0.8969 ∟- 90° *0.1772)
Vtg = 0.841 pu
AISSMS COE Pune Page 16
9 (UOP 5353-566)
Draw per unit reactance diagram for following base values
(MVA) base = 25, (kV) base = 69
MVA base = 25, kV base = 69 kV (Given)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = 0.2*[25/25]*[11/11.5]2 = j 0.1829 pu
Xt1 = 0.1*[25/22]*[11.5/11.5]2 = j 0.113pu
Transmission line voltage = 69 kV
XTL = 15*25/(69)2 = j 0.0787 pu
Xt2 = 0.1*[25/20]*[69/69]2 = j 0.125 pu
XM = 0.2*[25/20]*[6/6.9]2 = j 0.189 pu
Reactance Diagram:
10 (UOP- Insem 19)
AISSMS COE Pune Page 17
Draw per unit reactance diagram of following system assuming base of 30 MVA,
11 kV on generator
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 30 11 15 %
Transformer (T1) 35 11/110 10 %
Transmission Line (TL) ---- 110 80 ohm
Transformer (T2) 35 110/11.8 10 %
Motor (M1) 10 11 10 %
Motor (M2) 5 11 10 %
MVA base = 30, kV base = 11 kV (Generator rating)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] * [kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = j 0.15 pu
Xt1 = 0.1*[30/35]*[11/11]2 = j 0.0857 pu
Transmission line voltage = (11/11)*110 = 110 kV
XTL = 80*30 / (110)2 = j 0.1983 pu
Xt2 = 0.1*[30/35]*[110/110]2 = j 0.0857 pu
Motor terminal voltage = 11.8 kV (base)
Xm1 = 0.1*[30/10]*[11/11.8]2 = j 0.2607 pu
Xm2 = 0.1*[30/5]*[11/11.8]2 = j 0.5214 pu
AISSMS COE Pune Page 18
Reactance Diagram
11 (UOP- Insem 18)
Single line diagram of 3 phase power system is as shown. Draw a reactance
diagram in per unit. Select base of 100 MVA, 20 kV of generator
Data: -
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 60 20 9%
Transformer (T1) 50 22/220 10 %
Transmission Line (TL) --- 220 100 + j 200
Transformer (T2) 50 220/22 10 %
Motor (M) 43.2 18 8%
MVA base = 100, kV base = 20 kV
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] * [kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
AISSMS COE Pune Page 19
Xg = 0.09*[100/60]*[20/20]2 = j 0.15 pu
Xt1 = 0.1*[100/50]*[22/20]2 = j 0.242 pu
Transmission line voltage = (20/22)*220 = 200 kV
XTL = (100 + j 200)*100 / (200)2 = 0.25 + j 0.5 pu
Xt2 = 0.1*[100/50]*[220/200]2 = j 0.242 pu
Motor terminal voltage = (200/220)*22 = 20 kV (base)
Xm1 = 0.08*[100/43.2]*[18/20]2 = j 0.15 pu
Reactance Diagram
===================================================================
12 (UOP 5460 – 565) (Repeat problem no 9)
13 (UOP – Oct 19)
Three motors are connected to a common bus. Each motor is rated at 5000 HP,
3.3 kV, 0.8 pf with 17 % reactance. They are supplied by a generator of 20 MVA,
11 kV with reactance of 10 % through 11/3.3 kV, 18 MVA transformer and having
5 % reactance. Draw per unit reactance diagram. Take 1 KVA = 1.1 HP, 20 MVA
and 11 kV as base values.
AISSMS COE Pune Page 20
Data: -
Motor rating = 5000 HP = 5500 kVA = 5.5 MVA
Device MVA rating Voltage rating Reactance
Generator (G) 20 11 10 %
Transformer (T) 18 11/3.3 5%
Motor (M1) 5.5 3.3 17 %
Motor (M2) 5.5 3.3 17 %
Motor (M3) 5.5 3.3 17 %
MVA base = 20, kV base = 11 kV (Generator rating)
Reactance calculations:
Zpu (new) = Zpu (old) *[MVAb (new) / MVAb (old)] *[kVb2 (old) / kVb2 (new)]
Zpu (Transmission Line) = Zpu*[MVAb / kVb2]
Xg = j 0.1 pu
Xt = 0.05*[20/18]*[11/11]2 = j 0.0555 pu
Motor terminal voltage = 3.3 kV
Xm1 = 0.17*[20/5.5]*[3.3/3.3]2 = j 0.618 pu
Xm2 = Xm3 = Xm1 = j 0.618 pu
Reactance Diagram
AISSMS COE Pune Page 21
