Name:

Index number:
Group
course:

Question 1:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Assignment 1;
// Write a Java program using a do-while loop to find the sum of digits of
a number until the sum becomes a single digit.

// now the process

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

// now variables to store the data for the processes

int userNumber;
int sum;

System.out.print("Enter a number to find sum till it becomes a single

digit: ");
userNumber = scanner.nextInt();

// now the do while loop for the process execution

do {
// first we are going to reset the sum for each iterations
sum = 0;

// this while loop is to perform the excution of the code

while (userNumber > 0){
sum += userNumber % 10; // then find sum , then find the remainder
after its divided by 10(add a last digit to the sum).
userNumber /= 10; //remove the last digit
}
userNumber = sum;

}while (sum > 9);// this continues to excute if the sum is greater the 9 (a
double digit)
System.out.println("The single digit sum is: " + sum);

scanner.close();

}
}

Question 2:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SecondAss2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//. Create a program using a while loop to reverse a string without using
any built-in reverse methods
// now to accept user input
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

// now the variables

String word;
StringBuilder reverseWord = new StringBuilder();

// welcome message
System.out.println("************** Word Reverse Simulator
*******************");
System.out.print("Enter a random word: ");
word = scanner.nextLine();

//now the process and here we are going to be dealing with indexing
int length = word.length() - 1;// this is to turn the word around and start
from the last letter;

while (length >= 0){

reverseWord.append(word.charAt(length));
length --;
}

System.out.println("Reversed word is: " + reverseWord);

scanner.close();

}
}

Question 3:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss3 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Use if/else statements to determine if a given year is a leap year,
considering all edge cases (e.g., century years).
// now we are going to be creating a leap year checker
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

// now to accept user input and then rationalize to find the leap
year per the user input
int year;
boolean running = true;
char quit;
System.out.println("******************* Leap Year checker
******************");
/* System.out.print("Enter the year: ");
year = scanner.nextInt();

if (year < 0){

 // now to check
if ((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0)){
System.out.println("Leap year: " + year);
}
else {
System.out.println("Not a leap year");
System.out.println("Sample of previous leap years and events which
occurred on that year");
System.out.println("2024: India's Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed
on the Moon \n The Summer Olympics were held in Paris, France");
System.out.println("2020: The COVID-19 pandemic \n The Black Lives
Matter movement gained significant momentum");
System.out.println("2016: The United Kingdom voted to leave the
European Union (Brexit) \n Donald Trump was elected President of the United
States");
System.out.println("2012: The Summer Olympics were held in London,
United Kingdom \n The Costa Concordia cruise ship disaster");
}

}
else {
System.out.println("Error: invalid input.");
}*/

// now we are going to be using while loops for this

do {
System.out.print("Enter the year: ");
year = scanner.nextInt();
if (year >= 1000){
// now to check
if ((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0)){
System.out.println("Leap year: " + year);
}
else {
System.out.println("Not a leap year");
}

}
else {
System.out.println("Error: failed to parse data \nInput
must be above 1000 to find leap year");
}

System.out.print("\nPress q to quit/ c to continue: ");

quit = scanner.next().charAt(0);
if (quit == 'q'){
running = false;
}

}while (running);

if (!running){
System.out.println("Bye, you've exit the program.");
}

scanner.close();
 }
}

Question 4:
public class SecondAss4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//here we will be iterating over a loop using the Fibonacci sequence
//Write a Java program with a for loop to generate the first 10 numbers in
the Fibonacci sequence.
// The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where:
//The first two numbers are 0 and 1.
//Every subsequent number is the sum of the two preceding numbers.
int num1 = 0;
int num2 = 1;// these are the numbers that begin the sequence
int nextNum;

System.out.println("The Fibonacci Sequence numbers:");

System.out.print(num1 + ", " + num2); // Print first two numbers
// now the for loop to execute the sequence
for (int i = 2; i <= 10 ; i++) {
nextNum = num1 + num2;
System.out.print(", " + nextNum);

// Update num1 and num2 for next iteration

num1 = num2;
num2 = nextNum;
}
}
}

Question 5:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss5 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Implement a do-while loop to validate user input for a password that must
contain at least 8 characters, one uppercase letter, and one digit.

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String password;
boolean isValid = true;

do {
System.out.print("Create your password: ");
password = scanner.nextLine();
if ((hasUppercase(password)) && (hasLowercase(password)) &&
(hasNumber(password)) && (hasSymbol(password)) & (password.length() > 8) & (!
password.equals("V7#pL9@qW2$mN5&xR!"))){
isValid = false;
}
else {
System.out.println("Error: password not strong enough try again:
");
System.out.println("Password should be something like this:
V7#pL9@qW2$mN5&xR!");
}
}while (isValid);

// now to print out the password and

if (!isValid){
String pass4 = password.substring(0, 4);

// Replace the rest with *

StringBuilder maskedPart = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 5; i < password.length(); i++) {
maskedPart.append("*");
}

String masked = pass4 + maskedPart.toString();

System.out.println("Password: " + password);

System.out.println("Masked password: " + masked);
}

scanner.close();
}
// reference from the java main website
// this is used to initialize the hasUppercase method
public static boolean hasUppercase(String str) {
return str.matches(".*[A-Z].*");
}
// this is for lower case
public static boolean hasLowercase(String str) {
return !str.equals(str.toUpperCase());
}
// and this is to check for numbers
public static boolean hasNumber(String str) {
return str.chars().anyMatch(Character::isDigit);
}
// Check for symbols
public static boolean hasSymbol(String str) {
return str.chars().anyMatch(c -> !Character.isLetterOrDigit(c));
}
}

Question 6:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss6 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//The Euclidean Algorithm is an efficient way to find the GCD of two
numbers.
//It works by repeatedly replacing the larger number with the remainder of
dividing the larger number by the smaller number until one of them becomes zero.
// The non-zero remaining number is the GCD.

// and before we proceed we have to check and make sure num1 is always
greater than num2
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int num1;
int num2;

System.out.println("***************** Euclidean Algorithm & Finding the GCD

********************");
System.out.print("Enter the first number: ");
num1 = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.print("Enter the second number: ");

num2 = scanner.nextInt();

// now to check and validate and assign booleans

// Ensure num1 is always the larger number initially
if (num2 > num1) {
System.out.println("Error: failed to parse data");
System.exit(1);
}

while (num2 != 0){

int remainder = num1 % num2;
num1 = num2; // Replace num1 with num2
num2 = remainder; // Replace num2 with remainder
}

System.out.println("The Greatest common divisor is: " + num1);

scanner.close();
}
}

Question 7:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss7 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create a program with nested if/else statements to categorize a student's
grade into A, B, C, D, or F based on a percentage score.
// this is more like a grade checker

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int numSubjects;

// now to accept the number of subjects

System.out.print("\uD83D\uDCDA Enter the number of subjects you offered
this sem: ");
numSubjects = scanner.nextInt();

if (numSubjects > 0) {
double[] grades = new double[numSubjects];
System.out.println("\\n\uD83D\uDCDD Enter your results for each
subject: ");
for (int i = 0; i < numSubjects; i++) {
System.out.print("Subject #" + (i + 1) + "➡\uFE0F ");
grades[i] = scanner.nextDouble();

if (grades[i] < 0 || grades[i] > 100) {

System.out.println("Error: results must be btwn (1-100)");
System.exit(1);
}
}

System.out.println(" ");
// now to validate
for (double figures: grades){
// to check grades
if (figures >= 90 && figures <= 100) {
System.out.println("Result:" + figures +"\nRating: \uD83C\uDF89
(Excellent!), You got an A");
} else if (figures >= 80 && figures < 90) {
System.out.println("Result:" + figures +"\nRating: \uD83D\uDC4D
(Great!), You got a B");
} else if (figures >= 70 && figures < 80) {
System.out.println("Result:" + figures +"\nRating: \uD83D\uDE0A
(Good), You got a C");
} else if (figures >= 60 && figures < 70) {
System.out.println("Result:" + figures +"\nRating: \uD83D\uDE42
(Average), You got a D");
} else if (figures >= 50 && figures < 60) {
System.out.println("Result:" + figures +"\nRating: \uD83D\uDE10
(Pass), You got an E");
}
else {
System.out.println("Result:" + figures +"\nRating: \uD83D\uDE22
(Fail), You got an F");
}

}
else {
System.out.println("Error: input invalid");
System.exit(1);
}
scanner.close();
}
}

Question 8:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss8 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Write a Java program using a for loop to print a multiplication table (1
to 10) for a user-specified number.
// so this is a multiplication table generator
// and here we are going to accept the number which the user wants the
multiplication table
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int numTable;

System.out.println("*************************** Multiplication Table

Generator *******************************");
System.out.print("Enter number: ");
numTable = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("\nMultiplication Table for " + numTable + ":");

// now for loop to perform the iteraction and excution

for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
int product = (numTable * i);// now finding the product based on the
current value of i
System.out.println(numTable + " x " + i + " = " + product);
}

scanner.close();
}
}

Question 9:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss9 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Use a do-while loop to simulate a simple ATM menu that allows users to
check balance, deposit, withdraw, or exit, with input validation.
// now this is going to be done using a do while loop and the easiet so far

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

//to values
double balance = 5000;
double deposit;
double withdraw;
int numberWith =0;
int failWith = 0;
int numDeposit= 0;
int failDep = 0;
int option;
boolean isOperating = true;

// welcome message

System.out.println("***************************************************************
*****");
System.out.println("Welcome to SOHO ATM Center");

System.out.println("***************************************************************
*****\n");

do {

// now the options list and the procedures

System.out.println("Select your option");
System.out.println("1. Check Balance");
System.out.println("2. Deposit");
System.out.println("3. WithDraw");
System.out.println("4. exist");
System.out.print("Select your option: ");
option = scanner.nextInt();

// to check the user input to display the appropraite info

if (option == 1){
System.out.println("\nProcessing.....");
System.out.println("Current Account Balance: ");
System.out.println(" $" + balance);
System.out.println("*************************************\n");
} else if (option == 2) {
System.out.println("\nProcessing........");
System.out.print("Enter dpeosit amount: ");
deposit = scanner.nextDouble();

// to check if the deposit is less than 0

if (deposit <= 0){
System.out.println("Error: deposit amount cannot be less than
0\n");
failDep++;
continue;
}
balance += deposit;
System.out.println("\nDeposit of $"+deposit + " - Successful\nHave
a great day.");
numDeposit++;
} else if (option == 3) {
System.out.println("\nProcessing withdrawal...........");
System.out.print("Enter withdrawal amount: ");
withdraw = scanner.nextDouble();

if (withdraw < 0 || withdraw > balance){

System.out.println("Error: failed to withdraw, check balance
and try again\n");
failWith++;
continue;
}
balance -= withdraw;
System.out.println("Withdrawal of $"+ withdraw + " - successful\
nEnjoy your day\n");
numberWith++;
} else if (option == 4) {
isOperating = false;
}
}while (isOperating);
 // now the last statement for the user to see
if (!isOperating){
System.out.println("\n********************** Account Statement
***************************");
System.out.println("Current Balance: $" + balance);
System.out.println(numberWith + " successful withdrawals , " + failWith
+ " failed withdrawals" );
System.out.println(numDeposit + " successful deposits , " + failDep +
" failed deposits\n");
System.out.println("Enjoy your day, Thanks for using SOHO ATM");
}

scanner.close();
}
}

Question 10:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss10 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Write a program with a while loop to count the number of vowels in a
given string, ignoring case sensitivity
// now this program is to count the number of vowels in a word

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int vowels = 0;
int index = 0;
String word;

System.out.println("Vowel Checker Program");

System.out.println("**********************\n");
System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
word = scanner.nextLine();

while (index < word.length()){

// now this is to convert to lowercase
char letters = Character.toLowerCase(word.charAt(index));

// now to check if the word contains any vowels then takes note of them
if (letters == 'a' || letters == 'e' || letters == 'i' || letters ==
'o' || letters == 'u'){
vowels++;
}
index++;
}
System.out.println("Number of vowels: " + vowels + "\nin "+ word);

scanner.close();
 }
}

Question 11:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SecondAss11 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Using if/else and a for loop, write a program to check if a number is
prime and print all prime numbers up to a given limit
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter upper limit: ");

int limit = input.nextInt();

System.out.println("Prime numbers up to " + limit + ":");

// Check each number from 2 to limit

for (int num = 2; num <= limit; num++) {
boolean isPrime = true;

// Check if current num is prime

for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}

if (isPrime) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}

}
}

Question 12:
public class SecondASS12 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Create a Java program with a nested for loop to print a pattern of stars
in a right-angled triangle with 5 rows.
int row = 5;

for (int i = 0; i <= row ; i++) {

// Inner loop for stars in each row to iterate over it
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();

}
}
}
Question 13:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss13 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Implement a do-while loop to calculate compound interest for a principal
amount until it doubles, given an annual interest rate.

// now we are going to be creating a compound interest calculator simulator

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
// the values we are going to be dealing with
double CI; // this is the total final result to store the value of hte
compound interest
double Principal=0;// now this is the principal amount
double interestRate;
double finalRate = 0;// this is the rate converted to percentage format for
calculations
int compoundedInterestTime;
double time = 0;

// now the magic begins

System.out.println("------------------ Compound Interest Calculator:
------------------");

// begin
System.out.print("Enter the principal amount(investment loan): ");
Principal = scanner.nextDouble();

System.out.print("Enter the annual rate(in percentage): ");

interestRate = scanner.nextDouble();
// now to check the interstrate
if (interestRate < 0 || interestRate > 100){
System.out.println("Please enter a valid rate(0 - 100)");
System.exit(1);// so this causes the code to exist abruptly
}
else {
finalRate = interestRate / 100;
}

scanner.nextLine();

// Get and validate compounding frequency

System.out.print("Enter compounding times per year (1, 2, 4, 12): ");
compoundedInterestTime = scanner.nextInt();
if (compoundedInterestTime != 1 && compoundedInterestTime != 2 &&
compoundedInterestTime != 4 && compoundedInterestTime != 12) {
System.out.println("Error: Invalid compounding frequency. Must be 1, 2,
4, or 12.");
System.exit(1);
}

// Fix: Consume the leftover newline character

scanner.nextLine();
 System.out.print("Select the time period (m (Month) / y (Years)): ");
String selectTime = scanner.nextLine().toLowerCase();
if (!selectTime.equals("m") && !selectTime.equals("y")) {
System.out.println("Error: Please select 'm' or 'y' to proceed!");
System.exit(1);
}

if (selectTime.equals("m")) {
System.out.print("Please enter the number of months: ");
double calcTime = scanner.nextDouble();
time = calcTime / 12.0; // Convert months to years (as a double)
} else if (selectTime.equals("y")) {
System.out.print("Please enter the number of years: ");
time = scanner.nextDouble();
}

// now the magic and final calculation

CI = Principal * Math.pow(1 + (finalRate/compoundedInterestTime),
compoundedInterestTime * time);
// this is the final calculation by subtracting the principal from the CI
double CompoundInterst = CI - Principal;

// now to print out the compound interest

System.out.printf("Compound Interest: $% .2f\n", CompoundInterst);
double TotalAmount = Principal + CI;
System.out.printf("The total amount amassed is: $% .2f\n", TotalAmount);

// now to close
scanner.close();
}
}

Question 14:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss14 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Write a program using a while loop to find the factorial of a number,
handling cases where the input is negative or zero.
// factorial finder simulator

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int userInput;
// now accept user input
System.out.println("******************* Factorial Finder
*************************\n");
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
userInput = scanner.nextInt();

// now to handle and validate the input

if (userInput < 0){
System.out.println("Factorial doesn't exist for negative numbers.");
} else if (userInput == 0) {
System.out.println("Factorial of 0 is 1.");
 }else {
// here we are introduced to the long keyword to handle large
factorials
long factorial =1;
int index = userInput;

// now the while loop to execute the code

while (index > 0){
factorial *= index; // Multiply factorial by i
index--; // Decrement i
}

System.out.println("Factorial of " + userInput + " is: " + factorial);

}

scanner.close();
}
}

Question 15:
public class SecondAss15 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Use if/else statements within a for loop to separate even and odd numbers
from 1 to 100 and store them in two separate arrays.

// now we are going to create a n array container to store the two types
int[] evenNumbers = new int[50]; // since we are working with a range of
numbers from 1 - 100 half will be even and the other half odd
int[] oddNumbers = new int[50];

// now to track the even number

int evenIndex = 0;
int oddIndex = 0;

// we are going to creating a various loops

// this to iterate over the numbers 1 -100
for (int i = 1; i <= 100 ; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0){
evenNumbers[evenIndex] =i;// this is store the even numbers
evenIndex++;
}
else {
oddNumbers[oddIndex] = i; // to store the odd number
oddIndex++;
}
}

System.out.println("Even numbers (1-100): ");

// to iterate and print out the even numbers
for (int num : evenNumbers){
System.out.print(num + " ");
}

System.out.println("\n\nOdd numbers (1-100): ");

 // to iterate and print the odd numbers
for (int num : oddNumbers){
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
}
}

Question 16:
public class SecondAss16 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initialize an unsorted array
int[] arr = {5, 3, 8, 6, 2};

System.out.println("Original Array:");
printArray(arr);

// Call the bubble sort method

bubbleSort(arr);

System.out.println("\nSorted Array (Ascending Order):");

printArray(arr);
}

public static void bubbleSort(int[] arr) {

int n = arr.length;

// Outer loop: controls the number of passes through the array

// We need n-1 passes to ensure the array is fully sorted
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

// Inner loop: performs the pairwise comparisons

// After each pass, the largest unsorted element bubbles to the end,
// so we can reduce the range by i each time (n-i-1)
for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {

// Compare adjacent elements

if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
// Swap if they're in the wrong order
int temp = arr[j]; // Temporary variable for swapping
arr[j] = arr[j + 1]; // Move the smaller element left
arr[j + 1] = temp; // Move the larger element right
}
}

// Optional: Print array state after each pass (for debugging)

// System.out.println("After pass " + (i+1) + ":");
// printArray(arr);
}
}

public static void printArray(int[] arr) {

// Enhanced for loop to iterate through array elements
for (int num : arr) {
System.out.print(num + " ");
}
 System.out.println(); // Move to next line after printing
}
}

Question 17:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss17 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice;

// Main program loop

do {
System.out.println("\nPalindrome Checker Menu");
System.out.println("1. Check a number");
System.out.println("2. Exit");
System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
choice = scanner.nextInt();

// Process user choice

switch (choice) {
case 1:
checkPalindrome(scanner);
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Exiting program...");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid choice! Please try again.");
}
} while (choice != 2); // Continue until user chooses to exit

scanner.close();
}

// Method to check if a number is palindrome

private static void checkPalindrome(Scanner scanner) {
System.out.print("Enter a number to check: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
int original = number;
int reversed = 0;

// Reverse the number

while (number != 0) {
int digit = number % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit;
number /= 10;
}

// Check if palindrome
if (original == reversed) {
System.out.println(original + " is a palindrome!");
} else {
System.out.println(original + " is NOT a palindrome.");
}
 }
}

Question 18:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss18 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Using a while loop, write a program to convert a decimal number to its
binary representation without using built-in methods.
// the process

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int decimal;

System.out.println("************************ Decimal to Binary Program

***************************\n");
System.out.print("Enter a decimal number: ");
decimal = scanner.nextInt();

// Handle edge case: 0

if (decimal == 0) {
System.out.println("Binary: 0");
return;
}

// Convert decimal to binary

String binaryStr = "";
while (decimal > 0) {
binaryStr = (decimal % 2) + binaryStr; // Prepend remainder
decimal /= 2;
}

System.out.println("Binary: " + binaryStr);

scanner.close();
}
}

Question 19:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondAss19 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Implement a nested if/else structure to determine the type of triangle
(equilateral, isosceles, scalene) based on three side lengths, with input
validation.
// now to verify the type of triangle

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

 System.out.println("Enter three side lengths of a triangle:");

// now the container for the values

double side1, side2, side3;
// a while loop for the executions
while (true){
System.out.print("Side 1: ");
side1 = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Side 2: ");
side2 = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Side 3: ");
side3 = scanner.nextDouble();

// Check if all sides are positive

if (side1 <= 0 || side2 <= 0 || side3 <= 0) {
System.out.println("Error: All sides must be positive numbers. Try
again.");
continue;
}

// Check triangle inequality

if (side1 + side2 <= side3 ||
side1 + side3 <= side2 ||
side2 + side3 <= side1) {
System.out.println("Error: These sides violate triangle inequality.
Try again.");
} else {
break; // Valid input, exit loop
}
}

// now the final process

if (side1 == side2 && side2 == side3) {
System.out.println("This is an EQUILATERAL triangle (all sides
equal).");
}
else if (side1 == side2 || side1 == side3 || side2 == side3) {
System.out.println("This is an ISOSCELES triangle (exactly two sides
equal).");
}
else {
System.out.println("This is a SCALENE triangle (no sides equal).");
}

scanner.close();
}
}

Question 20:
public class SecondAss20{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Perfect numbers between 1 and 1000:");
 // Outer loop: Check each number from 1 to 1000
for (int num = 1; num <= 1000; num++) {
int sumOfDivisors = 0;

// Inner loop: Find proper divisors and sum them

for (int i = 1; i <= num / 2; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
sumOfDivisors += i;
}
}

// Check if the number is perfect

if (sumOfDivisors == num) {
System.out.println(num);
}
}
}
}