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FACTS Lab

The document outlines an experiment on load flow analysis incorporating a Static Var Compensator (SVC) at J.N.T.U. College of Engineering. It includes MATLAB code for calculating transmission line data, bus data, and the formation of impedance and admittance matrices, as well as the calculation of net powers, Jacobian matrix, and SVC power. The results display the impedance, admittance, and power calculations, indicating the status of buses and losses in the system.

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16 views44 pages

FACTS Lab

The document outlines an experiment on load flow analysis incorporating a Static Var Compensator (SVC) at J.N.T.U. College of Engineering. It includes MATLAB code for calculating transmission line data, bus data, and the formation of impedance and admittance matrices, as well as the calculation of net powers, Jacobian matrix, and SVC power. The results display the impedance, admittance, and power calculations, indicating the status of buses and losses in the system.

Uploaded by

divyasrivalmiki1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..

Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 1

Load Flow Incorporating SVC

Program :
clear all;

format short;

nbus=5;

ntrans=7;

tol=1;

count=0;

%Transmission Line data

transsend=[1;1;2;2;2;3;4];

transrecv=[2;3;3;4;5;4;5];

transrest=[0.02;0.08;0.06;0.06;0.04;0.01;0.08];

transreac=[0.06;0.24;0.18;0.18;0.12;0.03;0.24];

transcond=[0;0;0;0;0;0;0];

%Bus data

vmag(1)=1.06;vang(1)=0;

transsusc=[0.06;0.05;0.04;0.04;0.03;0.02;0.05];

vmag(2)=1.0;vang(2)=0;

vmag(3)=1.0;vang(3)=0;

vmag(4)=1.0;vang(4)=0;

vmag(5)=1.0;vang(5)=0;

%Generator Bus data

ngen=1;

genp(2)=0.4;

genq(2)=0;

genqmax(2)=3;
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

genqmin(2)=-3;

%Load bus

nload=4;

loadp(2)=0.2;

loadp(3)=0.45;

loadp(4)=0.4;

loadp(5)=0.6;

loadq(2)=0.2;

loadq(3)=0.15;

loadq(4)=0.05;

loadq(5)=0.1;

%SVC data

nsvc=1;

suscep(1)=0.02;

svcsend(1)=3;

losuscep(1)=-0.25;

hisuscep(1)=0.35;

desvol=1.0;

%Formation of Zbus

for k=1:ntrans

imp(transsend(k),transrecv(k))=transrest(k)+j*transreac(k);

imp(transrecv(k),transsend(k))=imp(transsend(k),transrecv(k));

susc(transsend(k),transrecv(k))=j*transsusc(k);

susc(transrecv(k),transsend(k))=susc(transsend(k),transrecv(k));

end

imp

%Formation of Ybus

for k=1:nbus
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

for l=1:nbus

if imp(k,l)==0

ybus(k,l)=0;

else ybus(k,l)=-1/imp(k,l);

end

end

end

for k=1:nbus

sum1=0;

sum2=0;

for l=1:nbus

sum1=sum1+ybus(k,l);

sum2=sum2+0.5*susc(k,l);

end

ybus(k,k)=sum2-sum1;

end

ybus

g=real(ybus);

h=imag(ybus);

%Calculation of net powers

netp=zeros(1,nbus);

netq=zeros(1,nbus);

for k=1:ngen+1

netp(k)=netp(k)+genp(k);

netq(k)=netq(k)+genq(k);

end

for k=2:nload+1

netp(k)=netp(k)-loadp(k);
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

netq(k)=netq(k)-loadq(k);

end

while tol>1e-08

%Calculation of Active and Reactive powers

pcal=zeros(1,nbus);

qcal=zeros(1,nbus);

for k=1:nbus

ptemp=0;

qtemp=0;

for i=1:nbus

ptemp=ptemp+vmag(k)*vmag(i)*(g(k,i)*cos(vang(k)-vang(i))+h(k,i)*sin(vang(k)-vang(i)));

qtemp=qtemp+vmag(k)*vmag(i)*(g(k,i)*sin(vang(k)-vang(i))-h(k,i)*cos(vang(k)-vang(i)));

end

pcal(k)=ptemp;

qcal(k)=qtemp;

end

for k=1:nbus

if netp(k)==0&&netq(k)==0

disp('slack bus')

elseif netp(k)<0

disp('load bus')

else

if (qcal(k)>genqmax(k))

net(k)=genqmax(k);

disp('generator bus becomes load bus')

delq(k-1)=netq(k)-qcal(k);

elaseif(qcal(k)<genqmin(k))

netq(k)=genqmin(k);
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

disp('generator bus becomes load bus')

delq(k-1)=netq(k)-qcal(k);

end

end

end

%Calculation of SVC power

for k=1:nsvc

qcal(svcsend(k))=qcal(svcsend(k))-vmag(svcsend(k))^2*suscep(k);

end

%Calculation of mismatch powers

dpq=zeros(1,2*(nbus-1));

dp=zeros(1,nbus);

dq=zeros(1,nbus);

dp=netp-pcal;

dq=netq-qcal;

for k=1:nbus

if(netp(k)==0&&netq(k)==0)

dp(k)=0;

dq(k)=0;

elseif netp(k)>0

dq(k)=0;

end

end

d1=dp';

d2=dq';

kk=1;

for k=2:nbus

dpq(kk)=d1(k);
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

dpq(kk+nbus-1)=d2(k);

kk=kk+1;

end

dpq'

tol=max(abs(dpq));

%Formation of Jacobian Matrix

jacob=zeros(2*(nbus-1),2*(nbus-1));

for k=2:nbus

temp1=0;

temp2=0;

temp3=0;

temp4=0;

for l=2:nbus

if l==k

for i=1:nbus

temp1=temp1+vmag(k)*vmag(i)*(g(k,i)*cos(vang(k)-vang(i))+h(k,i)*sin(vang(k)-vang(i)));

temp2=temp2+vmag(k)*vmag(i)*(g(k,i)*sin(vang(k)-vang(i))-h(k,i)*cos(vang(k)-vang(i)));

end

u(k-1,k-1)=-temp2-vmag(k)^2*h(k,k);

x(k-1,k-1)=temp1+vmag(k)^2*g(k,k);

w(k-1,k-1)=temp1-vmag(k)^2*g(k,k);

z(k-1,k-1)=temp2-vmag(k)^2*h(k,k);

else

u(k-1,l-1)=vmag(k)*vmag(l)*(g(k,l)*sin(vang(k)-vang(l))-h(k,l)*cos(vang(k)-vang(l)));

x(k-1,l-1)=vmag(k)*vmag(l)*(g(k,l)*cos(vang(k)-vang(l))+h(k,l)*sin(vang(k)-vang(l)));

w(k-1,l-1)=-x(k-1,l-1);

z(k-1,l-1)=u(k-1,l-1);

end
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

end

end

jacob=[u x;w z];

for k=1:nbus

if netp(k)>0

kk=2*k+1;

jacob(kk,:)=0;

jacob(:,kk)=0;

jacob(kk,kk)=1;

end

end

%SVC Jacobian Matrix

for k=1:nsvc

jacob(:,2*svcsend(k))=0;

jacob(2*svcsend(k),2*svcsend(k))=-vmag(svcsend(k))^2*suscep(k);

end

%Updating of statevariables

def=inv(jacob)*dpq';

i=1;

for k=2:nbus

vang(k)=vang(k)+def(i);

vmag(k)=vmag(k)+def(i+nbus-1)*vmag(k);

i=i+1;

end

%SVC state variables

for k=1:nsvc

vmag(svcsend(k))=desvol(k);

ii=suscep(k)*def(2*svcsend(k));
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

vv=def(2*svcsend(k));

if ii>0.1

vv=0.1/suscep(k);

elseif ii<-0.1

vv=-0.1/suscep(k);

end

suscep(k)=suscep(k)+suscep(k)*vv;

end

%Checking SVC limits

for k=1:nsvc

if suscep(k)>hisuscep(k)

suscep(k)=hisuscep(k);

elseif suscep(k)<losuscep(k)

suscep(k)=losuscep(k);

end

end

count=count+1;

end

count

%Calculation of losses

pqsend=zeros(1,ntrans);

pqrecv=zeros(1,ntrans);

pqloss=zeros(1,ntrans);

totalloss=0;

for ii=1:ntrans

vsend(ii)=(vmag(transsend(ii))*cos(vang(transsend(ii))))+vmag(transsend(ii))*sin(vang(transsend(ii))*j);

vrecv(ii)=(vmag(transrecv(ii))*cos(vang(transsend(ii))))+vmag(transrecv(ii))*sin(vang(transrecv(ii))*j);

impedance=transrest(ii)+j*transreac(ii);
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

current=(vsend(ii)- vrecv(ii))/impedance+vsend(ii)*(j*transsusc(ii))*0.5;

pqsend(ii)=vsend(ii)*conj(current);

current=(vrecv(ii)- vsend(ii))/impedance+vrecv(ii)*(j*transsusc(ii))*0.5;

pqrecv(ii)=vrecv(ii)*conj(current);

pqloss(ii)=pqsend(ii)+pqrecv(ii);

end

pqloss

vsend

vrecv

%Calculation of Active and Reactive Power

pqbus=zeros(1,nbus);

for ii=1:ntrans

pqbus(transsend(ii))=pqbus(transsend(ii))+pqsend(ii);

pqbus(transrecv(ii))=pqbus(transrecv(ii))+pqrecv(ii);

end

%Correcting Generator Contributions

for ii=1

pqbus(ii+1)=pqbus(ii+1)+loadp(ii+1)+j*loadq(ii+1);

end

p=real(pqbus);

q=imag(pqbus);

%Calculation of Reactive power inSVC

for k=1:nsvc

qsvc(k)=-vmag(svcsend(k))^2*suscep(k);

end

%Calculation of total loss

for k=1:7

totalloss=totalloss+pqloss(k);
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

end

vmag

vang=vang*180/pi

totalloss=totalloss*100

%Displaying Results

for i=1:nbus

j=1;

a(i,j)=i;

b(i,j)=vmag(i);

c(i,j)=vang(i);

d(i,j)=p(i);

e(i,j)=q(i);

end

for i=1:ntrans

j=1;

aa(i,j)=i;

bb(i,j)=pqloss(i);

end

display({'busno' 'vmag' 'vang' 'p' 'q'})

[a b c d e]

display({'transno' 'pqloss'})

[aa bb]

qsvc

suscep
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

With nsvc=1

imp =

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0200 + 0.0600i 0.0800 + 0.2400i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0200 + 0.0600i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0600 + 0.1800i 0.0600 + 0.1800i 0.0400 + 0.1200i

0.0800 + 0.2400i 0.0600 + 0.1800i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0100 + 0.0300i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0600 + 0.1800i 0.0100 + 0.0300i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0800 + 0.2400i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0400 + 0.1200i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0800 + 0.2400i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

ybus =

6.2500 -18.6950i -5.0000 +15.0000i -1.2500 + 3.7500i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

-5.0000 +15.0000i 10.8333 -32.4150i -1.6667 + 5.0000i -1.6667 + 5.0000i -2.5000 + 7.5000i

-1.2500 + 3.7500i -1.6667 + 5.0000i 12.9167 -38.6950i -10.0000 +30.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.6667 + 5.0000i -10.0000 +30.0000i 12.9167 -38.6950i -1.2500 + 3.7500i

0.0000 + 0.0000i -2.5000 + 7.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -1.2500 + 3.7500i 3.7500 -11.2100i

slack bus

load bus

load bus

load bus

ans =

0.5000

-0.3750

-0.4000

-0.6000

0.1500
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

0.0050

-0.0600

slack bus

load bus

load bus

load bus

ans =

0.0003

-0.0063

-0.0037

-0.0192

-0.0676

-0.0077

-0.0164

slack bus

load bus

load bus

load bus

ans =

1.0e-04 *

0.1656

-0.0358
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

0.0379

-0.4917

-0.0918

-0.0748

-0.4425

slack bus

load bus

load bus

load bus

ans =

1.0e-09 *

0.1220

-0.0037

0.0533

-0.3244

-0.0107

-0.0371

-0.3030

count = 4

pqloss =
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Columns 1 through 5

0.0244 + 0.0095i 0.0134 - 0.0130i 0.0040 - 0.0283i 0.0047 - 0.0258i 0.0115 + 0.0050i

Columns 6 through 7

0.0005 - 0.0184i 0.0006 - 0.0468i

vsend =

Columns 1 through 5

1.0600 + 0.0000i 1.0600 + 0.0000i 0.9994 - 0.0358i 0.9994 - 0.0358i 0.9994 - 0.0358i

Columns 6 through 7

0.9964 - 0.0845i 0.9904 - 0.0888i

vrecv =

Columns 1 through 5

1.0000 - 0.0358i 1.0000 - 0.0845i 0.9994 - 0.0845i 0.9938 - 0.0888i 0.9746 - 0.0988i

Columns 6 through 7

0.9908 - 0.0888i 0.9713 - 0.0988i


J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

vmag =

1.0600 1.0000 1.0000 0.9944 0.9752

vang =

0 -2.0533 -4.8379 -5.1073 -5.7975

totalloss =

5.9061 -11.7701i

'busno' 'vmag' 'vang' 'p' 'q'

1.0000 1.0600 0 1.3035 0.8287

2.0000 1.0000 -2.0533 0.3836 -0.7263

3.0000 1.0000 -4.8379 -0.4461 0.0699

4.0000 0.9944 -5.1073 -0.3924 -0.0256

5.0000 0.9752 -5.7975 -0.5895 -0.0644

'transno' 'pqloss'

1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0244 + 0.0095i

2.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0134 - 0.0130i

3.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0040 - 0.0283i

4.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0047 - 0.0258i

5.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0115 + 0.0050i

6.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0005 - 0.0184i

7.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0006 - 0.0468i

qsvc = -0.2047

suscep = 0.2047
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

With nsvc=0
Total loss =
5.9410 -11.3832i

'busno' 'vmag' 'vang' 'p' 'q'

1.0000 1.0600 0 1.3045 0.8847

2.0000 1.0000 -2.0612 0.3846 -0.5679

3.0000 0.9872 -4.6367 -0.4476 0.1398

4.0000 0.9841 -4.957 -0.3925 -0.0263

5.0000 0.9717 -5.7649 -0.5895 -0.0646

'transno' 'pqloss'

1.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0245 + 0.0097i

2.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0146 - 0.0088i

3.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0035 - 0.0291i

4.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0045 - 0.0261i

5.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0116 + 0.0055i

6.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0004 - 0.0183i

7.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0004 - 0.0467i

qsvc = 0

suscep = 0.0200
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 2

Voltage Profile Improvement Using STATCOM


Program :

%STATCOM(Static Synchronus Compensator)


%Clear the work space and command window
clear;
clc;
%System parameters
Vload_nominal=1.0;
Vload=0.9;
Qload=0.2;

%STATCOM Paramaters
Vstatcom=1.0;
Qstatcom=0.2;

%calculate STATCOM current injection


Istatcom=(Qload+Qstatcom)/Vstatcom;

%update load voltage with statcom compensation


Vload_compensated = Vload_nominal+1j*Istatcom;

%Display the results


disp('Load voltage without STATCOM:');
disp(Vload);
disp('Load voltage with STATCOM:');
disp(abs(Vload_compensated));

%Calculate voltage stability index(VSI) without STATCOM


VSI_without_STATCOM=abs(Vload_nominal-Vload)/Vload_nominal;

%Calculate voltage stability index(VSI) with STATCOM


VSI_with_STATCOM=abs(Vload_nominal-abs(Vload_compensated))/Vload_nominal;

disp('Voltage Stability Index (VSI) without STATCOM: ');


disp(VSI_without_STATCOM);
disp('Voltage Stability Index (VSI) with STATCOM: ');
disp(VSI_with_STATCOM);

%Plot the voltage phasors


figure;
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

hold on;
plot([0,real(Vload)],[0,imag(Vload)],'b','LineWidth',2);
plot([0,real(Vload_compensated)],[0,imag(Vload_compensated)],'r','LineWidth',2);
hold off;
axis equal;
xlim([-1.5,1.5]);
ylim([-1.5,1.5]);
xlabel('Real(pu)');
ylabel('Load Voltage without STATCOM','Load Voltage witn STATCOM','Location','Northeast');
title('Voltage Phasors with STATCOM compensation');
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

Load voltage without STATCOM:


0.9000

Load voltage with STATCOM:


1.0770

Voltage Stability Index (VSI) without STATCOM:


0.1000

Voltage Stability Index (VSI) with STATCOM:


0.0770
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 3

Evaluation of Real and Reactive power including Line Losses

Program :

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.1415
typedef struct complex
{
float r,i;
}complex;

int main()
{
complex
v,v1,v2,vi,zs,zLo,zLi,zLialpha,zLialpha2,I,SLo,S,zeq,S12,ztcsc,ztcscalpha,z12,dS12,dcp;
float f,L,Ls,Li,c,xs,xLi,xc,lamda,omega,alpha1,xtcsc,sigma;
float delta,delta1;
complex v12,v22;
int K,alpha,simga1;
printf("\n Give the data of v.r,v.i,zLi.r,SLo.r,SLo.i,zs.r \n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f%f%f",&v.r,&v.i,&zLi.r,&SLo.r,&SLo.i,&zs.r);
printf("\n Give the data of Ls.Li,f,c \n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f",&Ls,&Li,&f,&c);
printf("\n v.r = %2f \n",v.r);
printf("\n v.i = %2f \n",v.i);
printf("\n zLi.r = %2f , SLo.r = %2f , SLo.i = %2f , zs.r = %2f \n",zLi.r,SLo.r,SLo.i,zs.r);
printf("\n Ls=%3f,Li=%3f,f=%2f,c=%6f \n",Ls,Li,f,c);
// for uncompensated line
zs.i = 2 * PI * f * Ls;
printf ("\n zs.i = %2f \n",zs.i);
zLi.i = 2 * PI * f * Li;
printf ("\n zLi.i = %2f \n",zLi.i);
zLo.r = (v.r * v.r)/(SLo.r);
printf ("\n zLo.r = %2f \n",zLo.r);
zLo.i = (v.r * v.r)/(SLo.i);
printf ("\n zLo.i = %2f \n",zLo.i);
zeq.r =(zs.r+zLi.r+zLo.r);
printf ("\n zeq.r = %2f \n",zeq.r);
zeq.i =(zs.i+zLi.i+zLo.i);
printf ("\n zeq.i = %2f \n",zeq.i);
I.r = ((v.r * zeq.r)+(v.r * zeq.i))/((zeq.r * zeq.r)+(zeq.i*zeq.i));
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

I.i = ((v.i * zeq.i)-(v.r * zeq.r))/((zeq.r * zeq.r)+(zeq.i*zeq.i));


I.i=(-1)*I.i;
S.r=(v.r * I.r)-(v.i * I.i);
S.i=(v.i * I.r)+(v.r * I.i);
if(S.i >= 0.0)
{
printf("\n The power delivered to the load = %.2f + %.2fj",S.r,S.i);
}
else
{
printf("\n The power delivered to the load = %.2f + %.2fj",S.r,S.i);
}
}
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

Give the data of v.r,v.i,zLi.r,SLo.r,SLo.i,zs.r


11 0 5 25 50 0.01

Give the data of Ls.Li,f,c


0.001 0.023 50 0.000350

v.r = 11.000000

v.i = 0.000000

zLi.r = 5.000000 , SLo.r = 25.000000 , SLo.i = 50.000000 , zs.r = 0.010000

Ls=0.001000,Li=0.023000,f=50.000000,c=0.000350

zs.i = 0.314150

zLi.i = 7.225450

zLo.r = 4.840000

zLo.i = 2.420000

zeq.r = 9.850000

zeq.i = 9.959600

The power delivered to the load = 12.22 + 6.07j


J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 4

Real and Reactive power flow using UPFC

Program :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
#define PI 3.1415
//Program without controller
int main()
{
float Vs,Vr,X,delta,Po,Qo,delta1 ;
printf("\n Give the data of Vs,Vr,X, delta in degrees \n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f",&Vs,&Vr,&X,&delta);
delta1 = (PI * delta)/180.0;
Po= ((Vs * Vr)/X)*sin(delta1);
Qo=((Vs * Vr)/X)*(1-cos(delta1));
printf("The real power Po = %2f in w.p.u \n",Po);
printf("the reactive power Qo = %2f in p.u.VAR \n",Qo);
// with contorller
float Vpq,Xc,rho,rho1;
printf("\n Give data of Vpq \n");
scanf("%f",&Vpq);
printf("\n Give the value of Xc,rho \n");
scanf("%f%f",&Xc,&rho);
rho1 = rho * PI/180 ;
float Pc,Qc;
Pc = (((Vs*Vr)/Xc)*sin(delta1)-((Vs * Vpq)/Xc) * cos(delta1 /2.0 + rho1));
Qc = (((Vs*Vr)/Xc)*(1-cos(delta1))-((Vs * Vpq)/Xc) * sin(delta1 /2.0 + rho1));
printf("\n Pc = %2f \n",Pc);
printf("\n Qc = %2f \n",Qc);
}
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

Give the data of Vs,Vr,X, delta in degrees


1 1 1 30
The real power Po = 0.499987 in w.p.u
the reactive power Qo = 0.133967 in p.u.VAR

Give data of Vpq


0.25

Give the value of Xc,rho


0.5 15

Pc = 0.566957

Qc = 0.017940
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 5

Real and Reactive Power Enhancement Using Midpoint Voltage


Regulation For Line Segment

Program :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
#define PI 3.1415
int main()
{
// Program for without controller
float Vs,Vr,X,delta,Po,Qo,delta1;
printf("\nGive the data of Vs,Vr,X,delta In degree \n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f",&Vs,&Vr,&X,&delta);
delta1=(PI * delta)/180;
Po = ((Vs * Vr)/X)*sin(delta1);
Qo = ((Vs * Vr)/X)*(1-cos(delta1));
printf("\n The real power Po = %.2f in p.u.W \n",Po);
printf("\n The reactive power Qo = %.2f in p.u.VAR \n",Qo);
//with contoller using line segmentation VAR compensator
float Pp,Qp;
Pp = ((Vs * Vr)/(X/2.0))*sin(delta1/2.0);
Qp = ((Vs * Vr)/(X/4.0))*(1-cos(delta1/2.0));
printf("\n The real power after using VAR controller \n");
printf("Pp = %.2f \n",Pp);
printf("\n The reactive power after using VAR controller \n");
printf("Qp = %.2f \n",Qp);
}
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT:

Give the data of Vs,Vr,X,delta In degree


1 1 1 60

The real power Po = 0.87 in p.u.W

The reactive power Qo = 0.50 in p.u.VAR

The real power after using VAR controller


Pp = 1.00

The reactive power after using VAR controller


Qp = 0.54
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 6

Finding Maximum Power Without and With SSSC

Program :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define PI 3.1415
int main()
{
float Vs,Vr,Vq,X,delta,Po,Qo,delta1;
// program for uncompensated system.
printf("\n Give the data of Vs,Vr,Vq,X,delta in degrees \n ");
scanf("%f%f%f%f%f",&Vs,&Vr,&Vq,&X,&delta);
delta1 = PI * delta/180.0 ;
Po = ((Vs * Vr)/X) * sin(delta1);
Qo = ((Vs * Vr)/X) * (1-cos(delta1));
printf("\n The real power Po =%2f in p.u.W \n",Po);
printf("\n The reactive power Qo =%2f in p.u.W \n",Qo);
//program compensation through voltage injection
float Pq;
Pq = ((Vs * Vr)/X) * sin(delta1) + ((Vr * Vq)/X) * (cos(delta1)/2.0);
printf("\n The power due to voltage injection Pq = %.2f \n",Pq);
// program with degree of compensation of capacitor
float K,Pk;
printf("\n Give the data of K = \n");
scanf("%f",&K);
Pk = ((Vs*Vr)/(X*(1-K)))*sin(delta1);
printf("\n The power with k degree of compensation is = %.2f \n",Pk);
}
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

For K = 0.2

Give the data of Vs,Vr,Vq,X,delta in degrees


1 1 0.707 1 90

The real power Po =1.000000 in p.u.W

The reactive power Qo =0.999954 in p.u.W

The power due to voltage injection Pq = 1.00

Give the data of K =


0.2

The power with k degree of compensation is = 1.25

For K = 0.33

Give the data of Vs,Vr,Vq,X,delta in degrees


1 1 0.707 1 90

The real power Po =1.000000 in p.u.W

The reactive power Qo =0.999954 in p.u.W

The power due to voltage injection Pq = 1.00

Give the data of K =


0.33

The power with k degree of compensation is = 1.49


J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 7

Series Capacitive Compensation

Program :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
#define PI 3.1415
int main()
{
// Before compensation
float Vs,Vr,X,delta,delta1,Pom,Qom,K,Pcm,Qcm;
printf("\n Give the data of Vs,Vr,X,delta in degrees \n");
scanf("%f%f%f%f",&Vs,&Vr,&X,&delta);
delta1 = (delta * PI/180);
Pom = ((Vs * Vr)/X) * sin(delta1);
Qom = ((Vs * Vr)/X) * (1-cos(delta1));
printf("\n The max real power Pom = %.2f in p.u.W \n",Pom);
printf("\n The max reactive power = %.2f in p.u.VAR \n",Qom);
// After compensation
printf("\n Give the value of K= \n");
scanf("%f",&K);
Pcm = ((Vs * Vr)/(X*(1-K))) * sin(delta1);
Qcm = ((Vs * Vr)/X) * ((2*K)/((1-K)*(1-K))) * (1-cos(delta1));
printf("\n The real power after compensation = %.2f \n",Pcm);
printf("\n The reactive power after compensation = %.2f \n",Qcm);
}
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

For K =0.2

Give the data of Vs,Vr,X,delta in degrees


1 1 1 90

The max real power Pom = 1.00 in p.u.W

The max reactive power = 1.00 in p.u.VAR

Give the value of K=


0.2

The real power after compensation = 1.25

The reactive power after compensation = 0.62

For K = 0.4

Give the data of Vs,Vr,X,delta in degrees


1 1 1 90

The max real power Pom = 1.00 in p.u.W

The max reactive power = 1.00 in p.u.VAR

Give the value of K=


0.4

The real power after compensation = 1.67

The reactive power after compensation = 2.22


J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 8

Power System Stability Using STATCOM

Program :

s=tf('s');
X = input('Enter the value of X :');
k = input ('Enter the value of k :');
Td = input('Enter the value of Td :');
T1 = input('Enter the value of T1 :');
g = X/k*exp(-Td*s)/(1+T1*s)
T2 = input('Enter the value of T2 :');
h = 1/(1+T2*s)
T = feedback(g,h)
%stepplot(T)
bode(T)
[Gm,Pm,Wgm,Wpm]=margin(T)
if(Gm>0&&Pm>0)
disp('System is stable')
else
disp('System, is unstable')
end
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

For Strong System :

Enter the value of X :4.761


Enter the value of k :0.846
Enter the value of Td :0.0005
Enter the value of T1 :0.014

g=

5.628
exp(-0.0005*s) * -----------
0.014 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

Enter the value of T2 :0.004

h=

1
-----------
0.004 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

T=

a=
x1 x2
x1 -71.43 -250
x2 402 -250

b=
u1
x1 16
x2 0
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

c=
x1 x2
y1 25.12 0

d=
u1
y1 0

(values computed with all internal delays set to zero)

Internal delays (seconds): 0.0005

Continuous-time state-space model.

Gm =

7.8734

Pm =

87.9777

Wgm =

3.1668e+03

Wpm =

554.1341

System is stable
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

For Weak System :

Enter the value of X :9.552


Enter the value of k :0.846
Enter the value of Td :0.0005
Enter the value of T1 :0.014

g=

11.29
exp(-0.0005*s) * -----------
0.014 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

Enter the value of T2 :0.004

h=

1
-----------
0.004 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

T=

a=
x1 x2
x1 -71.43 -500
x2 403.2 -250

b=
u1
x1 32
x2 0

c=
x1 x2
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

y1 25.2 0

d=
u1
y1 0

(values computed with all internal delays set to zero)

Internal delays (seconds): 0.0005

Continuous-time state-space model.

Gm =

3.8954

Pm =

63.0026

Wgm =

3.1465e+03

Wpm =

998.3829

System is stable
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Strong System :
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

For Weak System


J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

Experiment No : 9

Power System Stability Using TSC/TCR ( SVC )

Program :

s=tf('s');
X = input('Enter the value of X :');
k = input ('Enter the value of k :');
Td = input('Enter the value of Td :');
T1 = input('Enter the value of T1 :');
g = X/k*exp(-Td*s)/(1+T1*s)
T2 = input('Enter the value of T2 :');
h = 1/(1+T2*s)
T = feedback(g,h)
%stepplot(T)
bode(T)
[Gm,Pm,Wgm,Wpm]=margin(T)
if(Gm>0&&Pm>0)
disp('System is stable')
else
disp('System, is unstable')
end
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

OUTPUT :

For Strong System:

Enter the value of X :4.761


Enter the value of k :0.846
Enter the value of Td :0.00555
Enter the value of T1 :0.035

g=

5.628
exp(-0.00555*s) * -----------
0.035 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

Enter the value of T2 :0.04

h=

1
----------
0.04 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

T=

a=
x1 x2
x1 -28.57 -100
x2 40.2 -25

b=
u1
x1 16
x2 0
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

c=
x1 x2
y1 10.05 0

d=
u1
y1 0

(values computed with all internal delays set to zero)

Internal delays (seconds): 0.00555

Continuous-time state-space model.

Gm =

1.8144

Pm =

38.2487

Wgm =

291.9238

Wpm =

175.7786

System is stable
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

For Weak System :

Enter the value of X :9.552


Enter the value of k :0.846
Enter the value of Td :0.00555
Enter the value of T1 :0.014

g=

11.29
exp(-0.00555*s) * -----------
0.014 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

Enter the value of T2 :0.004

h=

1
-----------
0.004 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

T=

a=
x1 x2
x1 -71.43 -500
x2 403.2 -250

b=
u1
x1 32
x2 0
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

c=
x1 x2
y1 25.2 0

d=
u1
y1 0

(values computed with all internal delays set to zero)

Internal delays (seconds): 0.00555

Continuous-time state-space model.

Gm =

1.7023

Pm =

-87.3694

Wgm =

1.4061e+03

Wpm =

524.3468

System, is unstable
J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

For Strong System


J.N.T.U. College of Engineering page no:…………..
Anantapur.

Date:………………

For Weak System

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