EXPERIMENT NO.
Aim / Title: Implementation of 2-D array
1) Program to Find Transpose of a Matrix
2) Program to Multiply two Matrices
Problem Statement: To Implement of 2-D array
Objectives: To write and execute programs in C++ to solve problems using data structures such
as arrays in 2 dimension.
Outcomes: Implement operations like Multiply & transpose of given matrix.
Pre-requisite: Basic knowledge of C/C++ programming language
Hardware requirements: PC i3 and above.
Software requirements: software for C/C++ (any software like Turbo/Borland C complier. ,
DevC++, Codeblock etc)
Theory:
The simplest form of multidimensional array is the two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional
array is, in essence, a list of one-dimensional arrays. To declare a two-dimensional integer array
of size [x][y], you would write something as follows −
type arrayName [ x ][ y ];
Where type can be any valid C data type and arrayName will be a valid C identifier. A two
dimensional array can be considered as a table which will have x number of rows and y number
of columns. A two-dimensional array a, which contains three rows and four columns can be
shown as follows −
Thus, every element in the array a is identified by an element name of the form a[ i ][ j ], where
'a' is the name of the array, and 'i' and 'j' are the subscripts that uniquely identify each element in
'a'.
Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays
Multidimensional arrays may be initialized by specifying bracketed values for each row.
Following is an array with 3 rows and each row has 4 columns.
int a[3][4] = {
{0, 1, 2, 3} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */
{4, 5, 6, 7} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */
{8, 9, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2 */ };
The nested braces, which indicate the intended row, are optional. The following initialization is
equivalent to the previous example −
int a[3][4] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};
Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements
An element in a two-dimensional array is accessed by using the subscripts, i.e., row index and
column index of the array. For example −
int val = a[2][3];
Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays
Multidimensional arrays may be initialized by specifying bracketed values for each row.
Following is an array with 3 rows and each row has 4 columns.
int a[3][4] = {
{0, 1, 2, 3} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */
{4, 5, 6, 7} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */
{8, 9, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2 */ };
The nested braces, which indicate the intended row, are optional. The following initialization is
equivalent to the previous example −
int a[3][4] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};
Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements
An element in a two-dimensional array is accessed by using the subscripts, i.e., row index and
column index of the array. For example −
int val = a[2][3];
Instructions: To perform all other arithmetic operation like addition & subtraction in matrix.
Program:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define CORE 4
#define MAX 4
pthread_t thread[CORE * 2];
int mat_A[MAX][MAX], mat_B[MAX][MAX], sum[MAX][MAX],
sub[MAX][MAX];
void* addition(void* arg)
{
int i, j;
int core = (int)arg;
for (i = core * MAX / 4; i < (core + 1) * MAX / 4;
i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
sum[i][j] = mat_A[i][j] + mat_B[i][j];
}
}
}
void* subtraction(void* arg)
{
int i, j;
int core = (int)arg;
for (i = core * MAX / 4; i < (core + 1) * MAX / 4;
i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
sub[i][j] = mat_A[i][j] - mat_B[i][j];
}
}
}
int main()
{
int i, j, step = 0;
for (i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
mat_A[i][j] = rand() % 10;
mat_B[i][j] = rand() % 10;
}
}
printf("\nMatrix A:\n");
for (i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
printf("%d ", mat_A[i][j]); }
printf("\n");
}
printf("\nMatrix B:\n");
for (i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
printf("%d ", mat_B[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for (i = 0; i < CORE; i++) {
pthread_create(&thread[i], NULL, &addition,
(void*)step);
pthread_create(&thread[i + CORE], NULL,
&subtraction, (void*)step);
step++;
}
for (i = 0; i < CORE * 2; i++) {
pthread_join(thread[i], NULL);
}
printf("\n Sum of Matrix A and B:\n");
for (i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]); }
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n Subtraction of Matrix A and B:\n");
for (i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX; j++) {
printf("%d ", sub[i][j]); }
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Conclusion:
Sample Viva Questions and Answers:
1) What is the Logic of multiplication.
2) C Program to find Sum of all elements of each row of a matrix.
3) C Program to find sum and subtraction of two matrices.
4) When ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs?
5) If you do not initialize an array what will happen?
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