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Environment Status Report 2008-2009 MBMC

The Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation's Environmental Status Report for 2008-2009 aims to assess environmental trends and issues in the region, focusing on air, water, and land resources. The report provides an overview of the area's demographics, topography, climate, and land use patterns, highlighting the rapid urbanization and population growth in Mira-Bhayander. Additionally, it discusses water quality monitoring and pollution concerns affecting local water bodies, emphasizing the importance of environmental protection strategies.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

45 views85 pages

Environment Status Report 2008-2009 MBMC

Uploaded by

Shweta.bhangale

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation.

Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION OF MIRA-BHAYANDER
1.1 PURPOSE

The overall purpose of this study is to identify and assess future environmental trends in the
region and to evaluate alternative strategies for environmental protection. The Environmental
Status Report is a comprehensive study of the selected region and is intended to summarize and
synthesize existing information in order to identify key driving forc es and both current and future
environmental issues. More specifically, the goal of this report is to describe the causes of growth
and change, to assess the driving forces whic h create both benefits and environmental concerns for
the region, and to c haracterize the current status of environmental conditions related to air, water,
and land resources. The report will serve as a basic referenc e document and the results will help to
guide future study directions.

Initially Water, Air, Soil samples were collected form respective sites; also the noise levels
were recorded at various junctions. These samples were analysed in a laboratory and reports were
compiled. Following information about Mira-Bhayander was gathered, such as:

a) Topography,
b) Climate,
c) Population

1.2 INTRODUCTION

Mira-Bhayander is a city, in the district of Thane with an area 79 sq. km., in the western state
of Maharashtra, in India, located around 20 kms to the north of Mumbai on the Mumbai-
Ahmedabad highway. It extends between 18º42’ N to 20º20’ N latitude and 0º25’ E to 73º44’ E.

Mira-Bhayander area is situated at the northern threshold of Brihan Mumbai Metropolis

and has been identified as one of the growth centers. Mira-Bhayander has gradually developed into
an important residential locality due to its proximity to Mumbai and lower cost of living. Earlier
Bhayander was administrated by the Gram Panchayat system of local government. However
subsequently in accordance with recommendations of MMRDA Mira Bhayander Municipal
Corporation (MBMC) has been constituted for this area on 12 th June 1985. Khari, Ghoddeo,
Ghodbunder, Pen-pada, Mira, Kashi, Navghar, Bhayander and Mahajan wadi are the nine villages
under its jurisdiction. Adjoining villages of the limits of Municipal Corporation are also showing
trend of urbanization. Therefore govt. under its notification extended the limits of MBMC by
including following 10 villages: Chene, Varsave, Rai murdhe, Murdhe, Morva, Uttan, Dongri,
Tarodi Pali Chowk.

Bhayander is divided into two parts by the Mumbai suburban rail line - East and West. The
West was traditionally residential, and the East was predominantly an industrial area. Recent
population growth and a flurry of construction has blurred the boundaries between Bhayander and
neighbo ring Mira Road on the East side of the rail tracks, turning it into a populous suburb.
Government ow ned Salt Pans and marshland in W est Mira Road have restricted the southward

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

spread of Bhayander. Mira road is situated on the island of Salcette. A marshy creek divides Mira
Road from Mumbai. Earlier, Mira Road was divided into two main parts, Shanti Nagar and Naya
Nagar. In recent times, several new localities like Jangid, Silver Park, Beverly Park, and Evershine
Enclave have come up. Shanti Nagar is a cosmopolitan locality.

1.3 TOPOGRAPHY

It is located in the northern part of the Konkan region to the west of sahyadri hill ranges.
The who le town is on a plain level land. The vasai creek surrounds the city from east to north,
followed by the Arabian Sea, till the west. The Mumbai city is situated on the southwest. To the
south is the Sanjay Gandhi national park and on the southeast thane city. Geographically the city
falls in the Deccan lava terrain. Geologically the city falls in lava terrain. Uttan and Ghodbunder are
hilly regions. The plain terrain forms a wide area of water logged and marshy land.

Figure no. 1.1 Location Map

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

1.4 METEROLOGY
1.4.1 Climate

The climate in the month of October is wet and hot followed by cool and pleasant weather
from December to February and dry and hot weather from March to June. The climate of Mira-
Bhayander is typically coastal, sultry and not really hot. There are virtually two distinct seasons,
namely Monsoon and dry season. The later covers both summer and winter.

Table no. 1.1 Climatic Condition

Sr. Season Max. temp Min.

no. ºC temp ºC
1. Summer 34.57 32.37
2. Winter 20.5 17.6

1.4.2 Rainfall

The rainy season starts at the beginning of June and ends in the last week of September.
Annual mean rainfall of 2400 mm. the maximum rainfall is in the month of July averaging to 800
mm.

1.4.3 Humidity

The humidity ranges from 49% to 87% with the highest humidity in the month of July.

1.5 DEMOGRAPHY
1.5.1 Distribution of Population

In year 2008-2009 the population of Mira-Bhayander has been recorded app. 9,00,000. The
total male population is 55% of the total population i.e. 4,95,000 and the total female population is
4,05,000 (45%) of total population. In Mira-Bhayander 1,1 7,000 population is under 6 years of age
i.e. 13% of total population.

Table no. 1.2 : Distribution of Population

Sr. No. Particulars Study Area

1 Total Population 9,00,000
2 Male Population 4,95,000
3 Female Population 4,05,000
4 Population (0-6) 1,17,000

1.5.2 Literacy Level

Mira-Bhayander has an average literacy rate of 81% which is higher than the national
average of 59.5%. In this region, male literacy is found to be 81% of total male population i.e.
4,00,950 and female literacy is 74% i.e. 6,66,000 of total female population.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no. 1.3 : Literacy Level

Sr. No. Particulars Oservation

1 Total literates 7,29,000
2 Male literates 4,00,950
3 Female literates 6,66,000
4 Average literacy rate (%) 81%
5 Male literacy rate (%) 81%
6 Female literacy rate (%) 74%

1.6 LAND USE PATT ERN

The Mira- Bhayander Municipal Corporation area is 79.40sq.km. it was incurred in the
previous BMRDA development plan. The independent development of the plan was sanctioned by
the State Government as per the government rule dated 14 th May 1990. The planning was as
follows;

Table no. 1.4: Land use details of study area

SR. NO. LAND USE AREA (HECTARES)

I. Developed area 2034.36
1. Residential Area 1157.75
2. Industrial Area 138.29
3. Commercial area 53.91
4. Public Utility 251.49
5. Transportation 254.17
6. Open spaces (Playgrounds & gardens) 175.05
7. Graveyard 3.70
II. Undeveloped area 4554.77
1. Barren land & Salt pans 139.33
2. Forest and Mountain Area 1064.96
3. Water Logged Area 3350.48

Residential A rea
AREA (HECTARES)
Indust rial Area

Commercial area

Public utilty

Transportation

Open spac es (Playgrounds &

gardens)
Gravey ard

Barren land & Salt pans

Forest and Mount ain Area

Water Logged A rea

Figure no.1.2: Pie Diagram showing Land Use Pattern of Mira Bhayander

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Residential area: In last few years Mira-Bhayander has emerged as the fastest growing suburb of the
Mumbai City. Due to the increasing population pressure on Mumbai and easy communication facilities for
commuters going to and coming from Mumbai from Mira- Bhayander, the population has shifted toward s
the Mira-Bhayander region. As a result large housing complex have come up in this area. This has also lead
to the development of slum pockets in the area. At present, 13,182 no. of slum household have been
recorded in the area of which only 10,261 no. are authorized and 2,921 nos. are unauthorized.

Commercial area: Residential growth of the area has lead to the massive commercial establishment.
Earlier the commercial activities were limited mainly on Bhayander Uttan road form Bhayander station (W)
upto Municipal Corporati on offi ce and on east of Bhayander railway station activity was concentrated to
Balaram Patil road. In last year the area around Mira Bhayander road and Mira – Bhayander Bridge has
emerged as the largest commercial development of the region. Maxus Mall, Reliance Fresh, Spinach bank,
Restaurants, showrooms of fam ous brands like Reebok, Woodland, Vijay sales etc. have come up here.
Further, many banks such as, SBI, Corporation Bank etc. had also open their branches in this region.

Industrial area: This user covers around 1.59% of the total area. As per the latest records of MBMC there
are around 383 industrial esta tes wi th around 5000 indu strial galas are existing in the area. It is estimated
that around 20,000 workers are working in this industrial area.

Land under Public and Semi public Use : This category includes areas occupied by Educa tional
institutions such primary and secondary schools, Religious places such as temple, church, mosque etc,
Government and semi-government offices. It covers nearly 0.151% of the total area.

Land under open spaces: Mira-Bhayander is bounded by natural water tanks scattered in various parts of
the town. The municipal corporati on has developed three lakes enriched with proper landscaping viz.
MBMC Main Office Lake, Goddeo lake and Shivar lake wherein boating activity is also available for
citizens. The open spaces and recreational grounds are lungs of the town and they cater active and passive
recreation needs of the city.

There are several salt pans in Mira-Bhayander region. These Salt pans are shallow man-
made ponds designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large pans and water
is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested.

Figure no. 1.3 Salt pans at Morva gaon

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

CHAPTER - 2
WATER ENVIRONMENTS

2.1 INTRODUCTION
Water is a common chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. About
1,460 teratonnes (Tt) of water cover 71% of Earth's surface, with 1.6% of water below ground in
aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds, and precipitation. Saltwater oceans hold 97% of
surface water, glaciers and polar ice caps 2.4%; and other land surface water such as rivers and
lakes 0.025%. When toxic substances enter Lakes, Streams, Rivers, Oceans, and other water bodies,
they get dissolved or lie suspended in water or get deposited on the bed. This results in the
pollution of water whereby the quality of the water deteriorates, affecting aquatic ecosystems.
Pollutants can also seep down and affect the groundwater deposits.

Mira-Bhayander is having a variety of water bodies nearby such as Lakes, Borewell, Creek,
and Nallah. They are regularly monitored to c heck the pollution levels. Virtually all types of water
pollution are harmful to the health of humans and animals. Water pollution may not damage our
health immediately but can be harmful after long term exposure. Different forms of pollutants
affect the health of animals in different ways:

• Heavy metals from industrial processes can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These
are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat
them. Heavy metals can slow development; result in birth defects and some are
carcinogenic.
• Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic
animals and those who eat them. Some of the toxins in industrial waste may only have a
mild effect whereas other can be fatal. They can cause immune suppression, reproductive
failure or acute poisoning.
• Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life
and terrestrial life through drinking water. Microbial water pollution is a major problem in
the developing world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary
cause of infant mortality.
• Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from
the water column. This causes the suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms.
• Sulfate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and
lakes it contaminates, and can result in mortality.
• Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the
aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of
sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-
organisms.
• In order to assess the water quality in Mira- Bhayander corporation area three types of
water namely Nalla water, Industrial water, and Bore well water were collected from
different location and analysed

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2 WATER QUALITY

2.2.1 Municipal / Drinking Water Samples :

Municipal / Drinking water are sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are
listed below,

Average Municipal Water Analysis report is given in table 2.2 for the month of May 2008 to
April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.2 (a): Average Analysis results of Municipal / Drinking water samples from May 2008
– April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.37 7.25 7.89 7.62 7.55 6.97 6.6 7.14 8.56 8.05
TSS ppm < 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TDS ppm < 1000 25.01 24.87 28.68 35.74 34.96 34.65 40.45 42.75 48.37 50.91
Total Solids ppm <1500 25.01 24.87 28.68 35.74 34.96 34.65 40.45 42.75 48.37 50.91
BOD ppm < 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Hardness ppm < 250 150 128 132 147 150 162 155 140 106 140
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 38 50 24 70 59 50 48 36 25 22
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.008 0.01 0.004 0.005
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.0001 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.001 0.006 0.002
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.01
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.021 0.025 0.034 0.081 0.062 0.001 0.01 0.01
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.054 0.026 0.001 0.002 0.010 0.01 0.003 0.02
Ammonia - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nitrate - - 0.1 0.27 0.15 0.12 0.25 0.41 0.74 0.86 0.51 0.52
Inorganic 0 0 0.52 0.47 0.16 0.35 0.84 0.94 0.54 0.67
- -
Phosphate
Total - 0 0 1.02 0.96 0.5 0.75 1.05 1.45 1.1 1.2
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colony
F. Coli /100 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml
Colony
E. Coli /100 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results Of Municipal Water Samples

1500
Ph
1400

1300 ppm TSS

1200
ppm TDS
1100

1000 ppm TS

900
A n a ly s is R e s u lts

ppm BOD
800

700 ppm TH
600
ppm TA
500

400 ppm NH3

300
ppm Nitrate
200

100 ppm Inorg PO4

0
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ppm Total PO4
Sampling Locations
Figure – 2.1 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Municipal water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 – 10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.2 (b): Average Analysis results of Municipal / Drinking water samples from May 2008
– April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.59 8 6.69 6.86 6.53 7.56 7.48 7.89 7.16 6.94
TSS ppm < 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TDS ppm < 1000 25 34 38 69 46 37 47 55 53 49
Total Solids ppm <1500 25 34 38 69 46 37 47 55 53 49
BOD ppm < 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Hardness ppm < 250 97 126 150 148 113 160 142 130 128 152
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 129 154 140 159 128 156 144 124 140 146
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.01 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.034 0.01 0.025
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.024 0.065 0.095 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.003 0.041 0.075 0.003
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.002 0.001 0.01 0.082 0.006 0.005
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.003 0.01 0.03 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.065 0.023 0.045
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.021 0.052 0.068 0.001 0.003 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.050 0.091
Ammonia - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nitrate - - 0.52 0.15 0.36 0.48 0.59 0.75 0.85 0.94 0.54 0.26
Inorganic 0.11 0.35 0.45 0.62 0.31 0.94 0.79 0.83 0.29 0.87
- -
Phosphate
Total - 0.3 0.75 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.64 0.59 1.75
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colony
F. Coli /100 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml
Colony
E. Coli /100 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 10

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis of Municipal Water Samples

1600
Ph
1500

1400 ppm TSS

1300
ppm TDS
1200

1100 ppm TS
An aly sis Resu lts

1000

900 ppm BOD

800
ppm TH
700

600 ppm TA
500

400 ppm NH3

300
ppm Nitrate
200

100 ppm Inorg PO4

0
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ppm Total PO4
Sampling Locations
Figure – 2.1 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Municipal water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 – 20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.2 Borewell Water Samples

Borewell water is sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

Average Borewell Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.4 for the month of May
2008 to April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.4 (a): Average Analysis results of Borewell water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.24 7.59 7.38 7.64 7.3 7.57 6.81 6.76 6.85 6.92
TSS ppm < 100 52 24 26 36 59 85 65 74 12 45
TDS ppm < 1000 1135 1271 1422 1824 1874 1061 674 696 659 725
Total Solids ppm <1500 1584 1651 1741 1455 1362 1145 1126 1520 1145 1542
BOD ppm < 30 12 25 32 26 28 29 24 15 22 20
Total Hardness ppm < 250 121 115 128 134 142 157 129 133 138 145
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 118 121 101 129 114 125 85 78 91 96
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.003 0.002 0.024 0.054 0.01 0.02 0.009 0.01 0.024 0.015
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.0001 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.001 0.006 0.002
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.01
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.021 0.025 0.034 0.081 0.062 0.001 0.01 0.01
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.054 0.026 0.001 0.002 0.010 0.01 0.003 0.02
Ammonia - - 0.1 0.12 0.15 0.13 0.2 0.24 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.31
Nitrate - - 0.22 0.21 0.35 0.2 0.14 0.25 0.26 0.15 0.19 0.22
Inorganic 0.3 0.11 0.41 0.94 0.37 0.34 0.26 0.21 0.19 0.25
- -
Phosphate
Total - 0.96 0.51 0.87 1.73 0.72 0.64 0.43 0.34 0.25 0.54
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 12 14 16 17 16 24 19 21 22 3
Colony 4 2 6 8 2 1 5 8 7 9
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 10 13 15 19 20 17 15 18 12 10
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Average Yearly Analysis of Borewell Water Samples pH

1900
1800 ppm TSS
1700
ppm TDS
1600
1500 ppm TS
1400
ppm BOD
1300
A nalysis Results

1200 ppm TH
1100
ppm TA
1000
900
ppm NH3
800
700 ppm Nitrate

600
ppm Inorg PO4
500
400 ppm Total PO4
300
MPN
200
100 Colony / 100ml F.
Coli
0
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colony / 100ml E.
Sampling Locations Coli
Figure – 2.2 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Borewell water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 – 10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.4 (b): Average Analysis results of Borewell water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.59 8 6.69 6.86 6.53 7.56 7.48 7.89 7.16 6.94
TSS ppm < 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TDS ppm < 1000 25 34 38 69 46 37 47 55 53 49
Total Solids ppm <1500 25 34 38 69 46 37 47 55 53 49
BOD ppm < 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Hardness ppm < 250 97 126 150 148 113 160 142 130 128 152
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 129 154 140 159 128 156 144 124 140 146
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.01 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.034 0.01 0.025
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.024 0.065 0.095 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.003 0.041 0.075 0.003
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.002 0.001 0.01 0.082 0.006 0.005
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.003 0.01 0.03 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.065 0.023 0.045
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.021 0.052 0.068 0.001 0.003 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.050 0.091
Ammonia - - 0.24 0.12 0.15 0.13 0.2 0.1 0.19 0.25 0.22 0.31
Nitrate - - 0.52 0.15 0.36 0.48 0.59 0.75 0.85 0.94 0.54 0.26
Inorganic 0.11 0.35 0.45 0.62 0.31 0.94 0.79 0.83 0.29 0.87
- -
Phosphate
Total - 0.3 0.75 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.64 0.59 1.75
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colony
F. Coli /100 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml
Colony
E. Coli /100 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis of Borewell Water Samples pH

1600
1500 ppm TSS

1400 ppm TDS

1300
ppm TS
1200
1100 ppm BOD
A na ly s is Re s u lts

1000 ppm TH
900
ppm TA
800
700 ppm NH3

600 ppm Nitrate

500
ppm Inorg
400 P O4
300 ppm Total
P O4
200 MPN
100
Colony / 100
0 ml F. Coli
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Colony / 100
Sampling Locations ml E.Coli

Figure – 2.2 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Borewell water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 – 20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.3 Ground Water Samples

Water is such an excellent solvent it can contain lots of dissolved chemicals. Since ground
water moves through rocks and subsurface soil, it has a lot of opportunity to dissolve substances as
it moves. For that reason, ground water will often have more dissolved substances than surface
water will.

Even though the ground is an excellent mechanism for filtering out particulate matter, such
as leaves, soil, and bugs, dissolved chemicals and gases can still occur in large enough
concentrations in grou nd water to cause problems. Underground water can get contaminated from
industrial, domestic, and agricultural chemicals from the surface. This includes chemicals such as
pesticides and herbicides that many home owners apply to their lawns.

Naturally occurring contaminants are present in the rocks and sediments. As ground water
flows through sediments, metals such as iron and manganese are dissolved and may later be found
in high concentrations in the water. Industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, ground-
water pumpage, and disposal of waste all can affect ground-water quality. Contaminants from
leaking fuel tanks or fuel or toxic chemical spills may enter the ground water and contaminate the
aquifer. Pesticides and fertilizers applied to lawns and crops can accumulate and migrate to the
water table. Ground water is sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Average Borewell Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.6 for the month of May
2008 to April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.6 (a): Average Analysis results of Ground water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 8.02 7.72 7.86 8.41 7.54 8.62 8.98 8.15 7.63 7.28
TSS ppm < 100 145 110 124 116 131 129 120 99 128 120
TDS ppm < 1000 1028 921 398 375 691 508 356 264 322 550
Total Solids ppm <1500 1173 1031 522 491 822 637 476 363 450 670
BOD ppm < 30 39 48 27 15 42 36 21 33 21 27
Total Hardness ppm < 250 186 199 226 242 164 192 181 239 188 195
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 235 155 150 120 170 165 145 130 200 185
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.01 0.006 0.016 0.016 0.003 0.016 0.016 0.016 1.42 0
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.008 0.045 0.021 0.65 0.011 1.55 1.42 0.016 0 0
Zinc ppm <5 2.39 2.02 0.016 1.78 0.016 0.005 1.35 0.016 0.016 0.016
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.016 0.016 0.0 0.016 0.78 0.003 0.001 0.0 0.016 0.84
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.016 0.016 0.002 0.78 0.003 0.65 0.016 1.4 0.85 0.016
Ammonia - - 1.23 1.45 0.65 0.78 0.023 0.11 0.37 1.22 1.04 1.14
Nitrate - - 2.34 5.12 2.12 1.3 1.28 0.97 3.01 1.65 1.42 1.73
Inorganic 1.51 0.64 2.01 0.79 0.31 0.89 1.46 1.77 0.06 0.052
- -
Phosphate
Total - 1.98 1.34 3.12 1.64 0.85 1.03 1.55 2.2 0.67 0.88
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 36 40 44 22 64 60 78 41 39 25
Colony 2 9 8 3 1 7 6 2 5 8
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 17 23 24 33 34 48 45 29 33 37
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis of Ground Water Samples pH

1600

1500 ppm TSS

1400
ppm TDS
1300
ppm TS
1200

1100 ppm BOD

Analysis Results

1000 ppm TH
900
ppm TA
800
ppm NH3
700

600 ppm Nitrate

500
ppm Inorg
400 PO4
ppm Total
300
PO4
200 ppm MPN

100
Colony/100
0 ml Fcoli
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colony/100
Sampling Locat ions ml Ecoli

Figure – 2.3 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Ground water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 –10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.6 (b): Average Analysis results of Ground water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.59 8 6.69 6.86 6.53 7.56 7.48 7.89 7.16 6.94
TSS ppm < 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TDS ppm < 1000 25 34 38 69 46 37 47 55 53 49
Total Solids ppm <1500 25 34 38 69 46 37 47 55 53 49
BOD ppm < 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Hardness ppm < 250 97 126 150 148 113 160 142 130 128 152
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 129 154 140 159 128 156 144 124 140 146
Copper ppm < 0.05 0..35 0.016 0.016 0.016 2.39 0.02 0.016 0.078 0.040 0.052
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.021 0.027 0.021 0.016 0.010 0.011 0.024 0.018
Zinc ppm <5 0.02 0.018 0.025 0.022 0.014 0.030 21 0.06 0.03 0.02
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.001 0.008 0.05 0.012 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.007
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.001 0.002 0.0006 0.001 0.004 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.010 0.020
Ammonia - - 1.25 1.36 0.75 0.31 0.054 0.15 0.39 1.25 1.04 1.12
Nitrate - - 0.52 0.15 0.36 0.48 0.59 0.75 0.85 0.94 0.54 0.26
Inorganic 0.11 0.35 0.45 0.62 0.31 0.94 0.79 0.83 0.29 0.87
- -
Phosphate
Total - 0.3 0.75 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.64 0.59 1.75
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colony
F. Coli /100 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml
Colony
E. Coli /100 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Ground Water Samples

1600 pH

1500 ppmTSS
1400
ppm TDS
1300
ppm TS
1200

1100 ppm BOD

A n aly s is R e s u lts

1000 ppm TH
900
ppm TA
800
ppm NH3
700
ppm Nitrate
600

500 ppm Ing PO4

400 ppm Total PO4

300
MPN
200
Colony/100ml Fcoli
100

0 Colony/100ml Ecoli
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sampling Locations Colony/100ml Ecoli

Figure – 2.3 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Ground water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 –20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.4 River Water Samples

River water is sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

Average River Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.8 for the month of May 2008
to April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.8 (a): Average Analysis results of River water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 6.62 6.59 7.23 7.15 8.24 8.16 7.63 7.54 7.32 7.48
TSS ppm < 100 42 35 74 82 75 60 78 77 46 35
TDS ppm < 1000 150 162 167 123 140 155 128 146 117 147
Total Solids ppm <1500 514 635 545 701 496 850 749 457 626 486
BOD ppm < 30 24 19 26 15 24 34 30 21 20 25
Total Hardness ppm < 250 117 122 108 100 142 138 133 112 105 114
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 196 103 119 177 172 121 218 191 184 120
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.010 0.01 0.003 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.054 0.026
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.0001 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.001 0.006 0.002
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.01
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.021 0.025 0.034 0.081 0.062 0.001 0.01 0.01
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.054 0.026 0.001 0.002 0.010 0.01 0.003 0.02
Ammonia - - 1.23 1.45 0.65 0.78 0.23 0.21 0.37 1.22 1.04 1.42
Nitrate - - 2.15 2.21 2.13 3.1 1.8 1.99 2.15 1.21 1.42 1.27
Inorganic 1.51 0.84 2.01 0.79 0.31 0.89 1.46 1.77 0.6 0.53
- -
Phosphate
Total - 1.98 1.04 3.12 1.64 0.85 1.3 1.55 2.21 0.67 0.88
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 28 40 44 22 64 60 78 41 39 25
Colony 8 5 2 6 7 1 3 8 9 2
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 17 23 24 33 34 48 45 29 33 37
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis of River Water Samples pH

1600

1500 ppm TSS

1400
ppm TDS
1300
ppm TS
1200

1100 ppm BOD

Analysis Results

1000
ppm TH
900
ppm TA
800

700 ppm NH3

600
ppm Nitrate
500
ppm Inorg PO4
400

300 ppm Total PO4

200
ppm MPN
100
Colony/100ml
0 Fcoli
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colony/100ml
Sampling Locations Ecoli

Figure – 2.4 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of River water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 –10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.8 (b): Average Analysis results of River water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.85 7.72 7.08 7.34 7.31 7.22 7.16 8.24 7.34 6.94
TSS ppm < 100 52 45 56 61 57 49 43 32 26 28
TDS ppm < 1000 78.22 70.12 50.8 63.38 55.49 152.4 162 171.2 162.8 156.4
Total Solids ppm <1500 130.22 115.12 106.8 124.38 112.49 201.4 205 203.2 188.8 184.4
BOD ppm < 30 75 81 90 45 108 120 150 75 81 90
Total Hardness ppm < 250 65.25 50.19 45.78 50.27 54.76 55.2 56.75 51.3 55 47.3
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 75 65 40 55 50 75 90 150 120 140
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.050 0.019 0.044 0.001 0.050 0.037 0.091 .72 2.53 2.85
Lead ppm < 0.1 1.50 1.13 1.78 1.45 1.21 1.34 0.91 1.64 1.27 1.31
Zinc ppm <5 2.35 1.04 1.73 0.46 0.79 1.67 1.43 1.30 2.13 2.23
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.03 0.054 0.069 0.02 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.36 0.087 0.001
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.098 0.065 0.045 0.098 0.021 0.025 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.005
Ammonia - - 130.4 126.5 124.2 128.6 1314 142.6 162.6 112.5 134.3 122.7
Nitrate - - 25.7 12.6 24.3 21.5 23.6 26.3 24.3 26.6 27.8 21.2
Inorganic 31.6 45.6 42.3 56.3 53.8 54.2 64.6 55.9 53.1 40.6
- -
Phosphate
Total - 131.2 126.4 122.4 126.3 123.2 116.6 130.2 123.6 141.4 132.7
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 16 18 12 17 22 15 12 32 16 32
Colony 7 8 9 6 2 3 4 6 4 9
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 9 3 5 6 4 7 6 7 6 1
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results of River Water Samples pH

1600

1500 ppm TSS

1400
ppm TDS
1300
ppm TS
1200

1100 ppm BOD

A n al ysi s R esu l ts

1000 ppm TH
900
ppm TA
800
ppm NH3
700

600 ppm Nitrate

500
ppm Inorg
400 PO4
ppm Total
300
PO4
200 MPN

100
Colony/100ml
0 Fcoli
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Colony/100ml
Sampling Locations Ecoli

Figure – 2.4 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of River water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 –20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.5 Creek Water Samples

Creek water is sampled 20 tim es per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

Average Creek Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.10 for the month of May
2008 to April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.10 (a): Average Analysis results of Creek water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 8.04 7.93 7.2 7.8 7.14 8.5 7.4 6.2 8.3 7.5
TSS ppm < 100 78 110 74 65 85 73 96 87 94 83
TDS ppm < 1000 258 423 472 654 536 763 542 612 425 519
Total Solids ppm <1500 678 647 861 651 482 532 941 703 541 622
BOD ppm < 30 28 21 25 22 19 20 29 31 15 21
Total Hardness ppm < 250 214 167 225 212 186 191 184 237 241 220
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 118 188 232 196 157 172 184 124 150 196
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.008 0.01 0.004 0.005
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.0001 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.001 0.006 0.002
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.01
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.021 0.025 0.034 0.081 0.062 0.001 0.01 0.01
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.054 0.026 0.001 0.002 0.010 0.01 0.003 0.02
Ammonia - - 15 20 34 24 27 30 15 29 30 32
Nitrate - - 40 42 50 54 65 60 68 70 76 80
Inorganic 10 9 12 16 12 11 10 8 17 10
- -
Phosphate
Total - 20 29 22 26 22 21 20 28 27 20
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 26 25 20 30 32 34 35 32 31 20
Colony
F. Coli /100 10
ml 2 1 6 2 6 5 2 3 2 1
Colony
E. Coli /100 15
ml 16 15 10 12 13 14 15 12 11 12

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

1600
Yearly Average Analysis Results of Creek Water Samples pH

1500 ppm TSS

1400
ppm TDS
1300
ppm TS
1200

1100 ppm BOD

1000 ppm TH
A n a ly s is R e s u lts

900
ppm TA
800
ppm NH3
700

600 ppm
Nitrate
500
ppm Inorg
400 PO4
ppm Total
300 PO4
200 MPN

100 Colony/100
ml Fcoli
0
Colony/100
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sampling Locations ml Ecoli

Figure – 2.5 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Creek water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 –10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.10 (b): Average Analysis results of Creek water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.04 7.11 7.78 8.22 8.18 7.96 7.35 8.49 7.32 7.81
TSS ppm < 100 64 79 60 85 64 74 82 69 45 56
TDS ppm < 1000 654 628 623 649 716 676 714 761 692 743
Total Solids ppm <1500 529 572 596 642 624 684 769 675 647 811
BOD ppm < 30 29 32 40 49 37 35 38 30 24 41
Total Hardness ppm < 250 120 175 167 125 102 143 158 146 98 87
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 158 170 150 175 130 112 120 105 113 102
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.054 0.062 0.25 0.036 0.014 0.065 0.36 0.20 0.003 0.002
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.85 0.020 0.64 0.20 0.30 0.01 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.005
Zinc ppm <5 0.58 0.54 0.02 0.001 0.065 0.054 0.02 0.001 0.002 0.003
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.25 0.36 0.85 0.64 0.25 0.14 0.025 0.65 0.054 0.25
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.008 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.026 0.098 0.026 0.025 0.014 0.002
Ammonia - - 1. 32 1.6 1.55 1.6 1.96 1.24 1.76 1.48 1.42 1.27
Nitrate - - 1.73 1.57 1.15 1.41 1.6 1.62 2.08 2.59 2.45 1.48
Inorganic 0.54 0.67 0.85 0.94 0.73 0.92 0.64 0.67 0.53 0.48
- -
Phosphate
Total - 0.61 0.72 0.93 1.12 1.35 1.64 0.75 0.95 1.76 1.85
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 10 12 9 5 17 4 15 16 19 20
Colony 8 9 5 16 5 21 8 6 9 3
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 5 2 19 15 20 24 18 2 9 21
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Creel W ater Samples pH

1600
1500 ppm TSS

1400 ppm TDS

1300
ppm TS
1200
1100 ppm BOD
An a lys is Re s ult s

1000 ppm TH
900
ppm TA
800
700 ppm NH3
600
ppm Nitrate
500
ppm Inorg PO4
400
300 ppm Total PO4
200
MPN
100
0 Colony/100ml
Fcoli
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Colony/100ml
Sampling Locations Ecoli

Figure – 2.5 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Creek water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 –20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.6 Nallah Water Samples

Nallah water is sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

Average Nallah Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.1 2 for the month of May
2008 to April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.12 (a): Average Analysis results of Nallah water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 9.05 8.87 8.42 7.56 8.12 6.58 8.05 7.81 7.64 9.2
TSS ppm < 100 1123 897 556 578 2231 1025 1187 3014 741 625
TDS ppm < 1000 981 1241 2045 645 4120 553 991 2500 378 4512
Total Solids ppm <1500 2104 2138 2601 1123 6351 1578 2178 5514 1119 5137
BOD ppm < 30 96 75 81 66 105 63 78 117 63 222
COD ppm <250 312.4 215.7 199.8 212.4 316.9 202.6 214.2 332.6 216.1 670
Total Hardness ppm < 250 120 320 240 180 175 125 160 185 210 960
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 280 220 175 150 250 200 180 160 185 550
MPN - 50 62 83 74 59 96 77 127 124 134 76
Colony
F. Coli /100 10 26 43 62 39 55 38 82 105 62 37
ml
Colony
E. Coli /100 15 20 26 27 17 22 32 29 18 24 27
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Analysis Results of Nallah Water Sam ples

6750
6500 pH
6250
6000
ppm TSS
5750
5500
5250 ppm TD S
5000
4750
ppm TS
4500
4250
A nalysis Resu lts

4000 ppm B OD
3750
3500
ppm C OD
3250
3000
2750 ppm TH
2500
2250 ppm TA
2000
1750
MPN
1500
1250
1000 Colony/100ml
750 Fcoli
500
Colony/100ml
250
Ecoli
0
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sampling Locations

Figure – 2.6 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Nallah water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 – 10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.12 (b): Average Analysis results of Nallah water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.4 8.42 7.28 7.26 7.75 7.64 7.62 8.15 8.9 7.4
TSS ppm < 100 275 330 382 269 236 225 362 428 530 286
TDS ppm < 1000 1256 1180 1026 870 786 681 580 640 963 1121
Total Solids ppm <1500 1531 1510 1408 1139 1022 906 942 1068 1493 1407
BOD ppm < 30 34 38 41 29 28 32 52 42 16 25
COD ppm <250 125 186 141 102 142 194 298 262 120 148
Total Hardness ppm < 250 150 190 126 100 167 198 243 261 175 297
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 218 188 248 283 236 250 273 180 235 280
MPN - 50 51 56 66 40 70 78 44 55 60 57
Colony 16 22 17 20 19 33 29 15 21 25
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 26 22 28 20 19 30 15 32 18 35
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Analysis Results of Nallah Water Samples

1750
pH

1500
ppm TSS

ppm TDS

1250
ppm TS
A nalysis R esults

ppm BOD
1000

ppm COD

750
ppm TH

ppm TA
500

MPN

250
Colony/100ml
Fcoli
Colony/100ml
0 Ecoli
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sampling Locations

Figure – 2.6 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Nallah water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 – 20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.7 Industrial Water Samples

Industrial water is sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

Average Industrial Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.13 for the month of
May 2008 to April 2009.

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.14 (a): Average Analysis results of Industrial water samples from May 2008 – April
2009

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Analysis Results of In dustrial Water Samples

6500

6250 pH
6000

5750
ppm TSS
5500

5250
ppm TDS
5000

4750

4500 ppm TS
4250

4000
Analysis Results

ppm BOD
3750

3500

3250 ppm COD

3000

2750 ppm TH
2500

2250
ppm TA
2000

1750
1500 MPN
1250
1000
Colony/10 0
750 ml Fc oli
500
Colony/10 0
250
ml Ecoli
0
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sampling Locations

Figure – 2.7 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Industrial water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 – 10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.14 (b): Average Analysis results of Industrial water samples from May 2008 – April
2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.39 7.59 7.12 8.37 8.18 7.96 7.62 8.01 7.36 7.88
TSS ppm < 100 123 285 170 158 169 298 385 358 451 514
TDS ppm < 1000 255 285 270 364 312 248 188 207 184 252
Total Solids ppm <1500 2561 1532 1351 2620 1772 1627 1314 2989 1417 1456
BOD ppm < 30 50 37 43 75 64 56 42 69 63 72
COD ppm <250 80 59 72 104 91 67 58 86 82 92
Total Hardness ppm < 250 220 251 270 381 371 401 259 210 230 397
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 215 350 278 446 325 374 480 390 512 520
MPN - 50 37 56 60 38 53 63 32 47 52 62
Colony 27 22 24 10 17 26 18 10 15 21
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 12 10 14 18 17 22 25 28 22 23
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Industrial Water Samples pH

3000

2750 ppm TSS

2500
ppm TDS
2250
A na lys is R es ults

ppm TS
2000

1750 ppm BOD

1500
ppm COD
1250
ppm TH
1000

ppm TA
750

500 MPN

250
Colony/100ml
0 Fcoli
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Colony/100ml
Sampling Locations Ecoli

Figure – 2.7 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Industrial water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 – 20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

2.2.8 Lake Water Samples

Lake is a low-lying part of the Earth's surface in whic h rainwater, surface water run-off,
outflow from a river, and water from other sources accumulates. Almost half of the world's lakes
are degraded, depleted, and contaminated mainly by human activities. The main causes are inflow
of domestic sewage, agricultural run-off, discharge of industrial effluents, over-fishing,
introduction of exotic species and habitat degradation from population growth, expansion of cities.

Murdha Ram Mandir lake Uttan Moh Lake

Lake water is sampled 20 times per month. The sampling locations are listed below,

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

17. Moha lake Uttan

18. Goddeo lake.
19. Mira Goanthan lake
20. Mandali lake

Average Lake Water Sample Analysis report is given in table 2.15 for the month of May
2008 to April 2009.

Table no.2.16 (a): Average Analysis results of Lake Water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.62 8.23 7.29 7.37 7.58 7.56 7.74 8.78 7.56 7.2
TSS ppm < 100 267 129 255 280 115 268 28 194 81 70
TDS ppm < 1000 419 453 391 936 821 360 240 585 220 156
Total Solids ppm <1500 686 582 646 1216 936 628 268 779 301 226
BOD ppm < 30 120 130 108 111 171 99 30 78 45 39
COD ppm <250 410 435 357 374 551 294 122 213 140 123
Total Hardness ppm < 250 334 378 210 248 275 230 150 305 175 150
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 95 111 165 269 147 200 250 326 120 100
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.65 0.87 0.65 0.008 0.010 0.65 0.95
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.005 0.008 0.006 0..10 0.65 0.47 0.06 0.020 0.25 0.65
Zinc ppm <5 0.002 0.005 0.008 0.25 0.68 0.25 0.008 0.032 0.005 0.04
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.003 0.006 0.005 0.65 0.85 0.94 0.005 0.05 0.002 0.04
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.007 0.001 0.025 0069 0.25 0.20 0.002 0.08 0.001 0.01
Ammonia - - 2.31 1.39 2.14 0.56 1.1 2.37 1.78 0.67 0.96 1.35
Nitrate - - 2.56 3.78 1.89 2.37 5.71 8.37 10.32 1.51 1.11 0.67
Inorganic
- - 0.35 1.38 0.23 0.71 0.64 0.96 2.3 1.22 0.56 0.61
Phosphate
Total -
- 1.03 1.98 1.34 2.35 0.88 1.37 3.51 2.23 1.09 1.18
Phosphate
MPN - 50 29 30 47 36 65 71 52 49 34 27
Colony
F. Coli /100 10 3 14 15 22 38 25 13 27 16 18
ml
Colony
E. Coli /100 15 66 52 71 58 35 64 28 54 25 31
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Ye arly Average Analysis Results of Lake W ater Samples

1600 pH

1500 ppm TSS

1400
ppm TDS
1300
ppm TS
1200
ppm BOD
1100

1000 ppm COD

Analysis Results

900 ppm TH

800
ppm TA
700
ppm NH3
600
ppm Nitrate
500

400 ppm Inorg PO4

300 ppm Total PO4

200
MPN
100
Colony/1 00ml
0 Fcoli
std 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colony/1 00ml
Sampling Locations Ecoli

Figure – 2.8 (a) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Lake Water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 1 – 10: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Table no.2.16 (b): Average Analysis results of Lake Water samples from May 2008 – April 2009

STD
PARAMETERS UNITS LIMITS 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
pH - 6.5 – 9.2 7.22 8.45 7.56 7.81 6.53 7.64 7.92 8.64 8.05 7.79
TSS ppm < 100 110 200 135 147 153 210 88 123 198 196
TDS ppm < 1000 569.3 451.2 332.8 119.9 135.7 564.9 325.8 433.7 314 537
Total Solids ppm <1500 679.3 651.2 467.8 266.9 288.7 774.9 413.8 556.7 512 678
BOD ppm < 30 18 12 33 27 30 36 15 42 45 39
COD ppm <250 56.3 37.4 100.7 84.6 91.6 120.7 50.5 122.8 130.2 159
Total Hardness ppm < 250 150 175 255 200 135 140 210 220 130 418
Total Alkalinity ppm < 250 120 145 200 195 125 130 175 180 110 194
Copper ppm < 0.05 0.003 0.002 0.024 0.054 0.01 0.02 0.009 0.01 0.024 0.015
Lead ppm < 0.1 0.0001 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.001 0.006 0.002
Zinc ppm <5 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.01
Cadmium ppm < 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.021 0.025 0.034 0.081 0.062 0.001 0.01 0.01
Chromium ppm < 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.054 0.026 0.001 0.002 0.010 0.01 0.003 0.02
Ammonia - - 0.026 0.041 0.084 0.072 0.96 0.025 0.006 0.58 0.06 0.37
Nitrate - - 0.41 0.27 0.25 0.18 0.26 0.63 0.41 0.91 0.58 0.38
Inorganic 0.63 0.68 0.82 0.5 0.48 0.65 0.72 0.7 0.82 0.96
- -
Phosphate
Total - 1.15 1.1 2.37 2.36 2.21 2.17 2.14 2.39 3.48 1.2
-
Phosphate
MPN - 50 22 31 26 27 24 26 30 22 36 21
Colony 12 9 5 4 8 3 11 12 13 10
F. Coli /100 10
ml
Colony 22 26 24 20 29 27 31 24 26 32
E. Coli /100 15
ml

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Lake Water Samples pH

1600

1500 ppm T SS

1400
ppm T DS
1300
ppm T S
1200
ppm BOD
Analysis Results

1100

1000
ppm COD

900 ppm T H

800
ppm T A
700
ppm NH3
600
ppm Nitrate
500

400 ppm Inorg PO4

300 ppm T otal PO4

200
MPN
100
Colony/100ml
0 Fco li
std 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Colony/100ml
Sampling Locations Ecoli

Figure – 2.8 (b) Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis results of Lake Water samples

Note:
Std: Standard limit for Parameter prescribed by MPCB; 11 – 20: Sampling Locations

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

CHAPTER - 3
ATMOSPHERE
3.1 AIR ENVI R ONMENT

Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of one or more contaminants in such quality
and for such duration as is injurious, or tends to be injurious, to human health or welfare, animal or
plant life. It is the contamination of air by the discharge of harmful substances. Air pollution can
cause health problems and it can also damage the enviro nment and property. It has caused
thinning of the protective ozone layer of the atmosphere, whic h is leading to climate change.
Modernization and progress have led to air getting more and more polluted over the years.
Industries, vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the major factors
responsible for air pollution.

In Mira-Bhayander air monitoring is done at various locations it includes residential area,

commercial area and solid waste disposal site.

3.2 SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

Air pollutants consist of gaseous pollutants, odours, and SPM, (suspended particulate
matter) such as dust, fumes, mist, and smoke. The concentration of these in and near the urban
areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings. The largest sources of human-created air
pollution are energy generation, transportation, and industries that use a great deal of energy
sources. Depending on their source and interactions with other components of the air, they can
have different chemical compositions and health impacts. Since these pollutants are generally
concentrated in and around urban areas, the outdoor urban pollution levels are far higher than in
the rural areas. Fires are another major source of air pollution and can lead to severe problems if the
smoke is inhaled for a period of time. These fires can either be forest fires, oil well fires, burning of
leaves in the backyard or as in the case of rural areas, large-scale burning of agricultural waste.
Other sources include industries and power plants located in these areas.

Table no. 3.1 -Common atmospheric pollution sources and their pollutants

Category Source Emitting pollutants

Agriculture Open burning Suspended particulate matter, carbon
monoxide, volatile organic compounds
Mining and Coal mining; crude oil and Suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
quarrying gas production; stone oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds
quarrying
Power Electricity; gas; steam Suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
generation oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, volatile
organic compounds, sulphur trioxide, lead
Transport Combustion engines Suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, volatile
organic compounds, lead
Community Municipal incinerators Suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
service oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, volatile

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organic compounds, lead

Indoor air pollution can be particularly hazardous to health as it is released in close

proximity to people. It is stated that a pollutant released indoors is many times more likely to reach
the lung than that released outdoors. In the developing countries a fairly large portion of the
population is dependent on biomass for their energy requirements. These include wood, charcoal,
agricultural residue, and animal waste. Open fires used for cooking and heating are commonly
found in the household both in the rural and the urban areas. The stove is often at floor level,
adding to the risk of accident and the hygiene factor. In addition, they are often not fitted with a
chimney to remove the pollutants. In such households the children and women are most likely to
be affected, as they are the group that spends more time indoors. The main pollutant in this
environment is the SPM. In fact, death due to indoor air pollution, mainly particulate matters, in the
rural areas of India is one of the highest in the world. Many of the deaths are due to acute
respiratory infections in children; others are due to cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and
chronic respiratory diseases in adults. If emissions are high and ventilation is poor, household use
of coal and biomass can severely affect the indoor air quality.

Pollutant emis sions per meal are also very high compared to those of other fuels. Household
use of fossil fuel is also fairly common in the developing countries, particularly coal. These are
particularly damaging as they burn inefficiently and emit considerable quantities of air pollutants.
If emissions are high and ventilation poor, then the exposure levels to the gases emitted are far
higher. The most harmful of the gases and agents that are emitted are particulate matter, carbon
dioxide, polycyclic organic matter, and formaldehyde. The indoor concentrations of these are far
higher than the acceptable levels and are cause for concern in rural areas.

3.3 HEALTH IMPACT OF SPECIFIC AIR POLLUTANTS

Some of these gases can seriously and adversely affect the health of the population and
should be given due attention by the concerned authority. The gases mentioned below are mainly
outdoor air pollutants but some of them can and do occur indoor depending on the source and the
circumstances.

Tobacco smoke: Tobacco smoke generates a wide range of harmful chemicals and is a major
cause of ill health, as it is known to cause cancer, not only to the smoker but affecting passive
smokers too. It is well-known that smoking affects the passive smoker (the person who is in the
vicinity of a smoker and is not himself/herself a smoker) ranging from burning sensation in the
eyes or nose, and throat irritation, to cancer, bronchitis, severe asthma, and a decrease in lung
function.

Biological pollutants: These are mostly allergens that can cause asthma, hay fever, and other
allergic diseases.

Volatile organic compounds: Volatile compounds can cause irritation of the eye, nose and
throat. In severe cases there may be headaches, nausea, and loss of coordination. In the longer run,
some of them are suspected to cause damage to the liver and other parts of the body.
Formaldehyde: Exposure causes irritation to the eyes, nose and may cause allergies in some
people.

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Lead: Prolonged exposure can cause damage to the nervous system, digestive problems, and in
some cases cause cancer. It is especially hazardous to small children.

Radon: A radioactive gas that can accumulate inside the house, it originates from the rocks and
soil under the house and its level is dominated by the outdoor air and also to some extent the other
gases being emitted indoors. Exposure to this gas increases the risk of lung cancer.

Ozone: Exposure to this gas makes our eyes itch, burn, and water and it has also been associated
with increase in respiratory disorders such as asthma. It lowers our resistance to colds and
pneumonia.

Oxides of nitrogen: This gas can make children susceptible to respiratory diseases in the
winters.

Carbon monoxide: CO (carbon monoxide) combines with haemoglobin to lessen the amount of
oxygen that enters our blood through our lungs. The binding with other haeme proteins causes
changes in the function of the affected organs such as the brain and the cardiovascular system, and
also the developing foetus. It can impair our concentration, slow our reflexes, and make us
confused and sleepy.

Sulphur dioxide: SO 2 (sulphur dioxide) in the air is caused due to the rise in combustion of fossil
fuels. It can oxidize and form sulphuric acid mist. SO2 in the air leads to diseases of the lung and
other lung disorders such as wheezing and shortness of breath. Long-term effects are more difficult
to ascertain as SO2 exposure is often combined with that of SPM.

SPM (suspended particulate matter): Suspended matter consists of dust, fumes, mist and smoke.
The main chemical component of SPM that is of major concern is lead, others being nickel, arsenic,
and those present in diesel exhaust. These particles when breathed in, lodge in our lung tissues and
cause lung damage and respiratory problems. The importance of SPM as a major pollutant needs
special emphasis as a) it affects more people globally than any other pollutant on a continuing
basis; b) there is more monitoring data available on this than any other pollutant; and c) more
epidemiological evidence has been collected on the exposure to this than to any other pollutant.

3.4 RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATT ER

Particulate matter is characterized according to size - mainly because of the different health
effects associated with particles of different diameters. Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture
of tiny particles that consists of dry solid fragments, solid cores with liquid coatings, and small
droplets of liquid. It includes aerosols, smoke, fumes, dust, ash and pollen. These particles vary
greatly in shape, size and chemical composition, and can be made up of many different materials
such as metals, soot, soil, and dust. Particles 10 microns or less in diameter are defined as
"Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter". Respirable particulates, lodge in the lung capillaries and
alveoli, causing adverse health effects. The composition of particulate matter varies with place,
season and weather conditions.

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3.5 SULPH UR DIOXIDE

Sulfur dioxide, or SO 2 , belongs to the family of sulfur oxide gases (SOx). These gases
dissolve easily in water. Sulfur is prevalent in all raw materials, including crude oil, coal, and ore
that contains common metals like aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, and iron. SOx gases are formed
when fuel containing sulfur, such as coal and oil, is burned, and when gasoline is extracted from
oil, or metals are extracted from ore. SO 2 dissolves in water vapor to form acid, and interacts with
other gases and particles in the air to form sulfates and other products that cab be harmful to
people and their environment.

3.6 NITROGEN OXIDES

A nitrogen oxide, or NOx, is the generic term for a group of highly reactive gases, all of
which co ntain nitrogen and oxygen in varying amounts. Many of the nitrogen oxides are colorless
and odorless. However, one common pollutant, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) along with particles in the
air can often be seen as a reddish-brown layer over many urban areas. Nitrogen oxides form when
fuel is burned at high temperatures, as in a combustion process. The primary manmade sources of
NOx are motor vehicles, electric utilities, and other industrial, commercial, and residential sources
that burn fuels. NOx can also be formed naturally.

3.7 SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sampling of air is done every month from 11 sampling locations. Ambient air quality monitoring
locations are listed below,

Table No. 3.2 Sampling Locations

Sr.No. Sampling Locations name

1 Kashimira Chowk near Chatrapathi Shivaji statue.
2 Junction near Bhayander Police station
3 Mira road railway station.
4 Bhayander East, Cabin road
5 Bhayander East, B.P. road.
6 Bhayander East, Navghar station road
7 Bhayander West, Railway Station
8 S.K. Stone Chowk
9 Uttan naka, (Bus Stop Chowk)
10 Near Pali, St Andrew Chowk
11 Kanakia Police station Mira Road

Yearly Average Analysis report of ambient air samples is given in table 3.3 for the month of May
2008 to April 2009.

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Table No. 3.3 Average Analysis Results of Ambient Air Samples from May 2008 – April 2009

CONCENTRATIONS (µ
µ g/cum)
SAMPLING
SAMPLING SITES RSPM SOx NOx
PERIOD (hrs)
(100µ
µ g/cum)* (80µ
µ g/cum)* (80µ
µ g/cum)*
Kashimira Chowk near Chatrapathi
12 73.2 25.3 18.5
Shivaji statue.
Junction near Bhayander Police station 12 75.4 24.7 10.1

Mira road railway station. 12 66.8 26.4 18.3

Bhayander East, Cabin road 12 89.3 23.7 14.24

Bhayander East, B.P. road. 12 111.2 24.22 15.17

Bhayander East, Navghar station road 12 99.6 29.4 14.22

Bhayander West, Railway Station 12 93.2 27.6 11.56

S.K. Stone Chowk 12 74.6 20.9 18.2

Uttan naka, (Bus Stop Chowk)
12 77.1 23.5 20.3
Near Pali, St Andrew Chowk
12 75.4 29.7 11.6

Kanakia Police station Mira Road 12 55.7 27.3 13.4

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Fi g 3 .1 Bar –Char t sh owi n g Ye ar l y Ave r a ge An al ysi s Re sul t s of Am bi e nt Ai r S am p le s

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Ambient Air Samples

120

100
Analysis Re sults

RSPM(µg
80 /cum)

60 SOx
(µg/cum)
40

NOx
20 (µg/cum)

0
STD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sampling Locations

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C H APT E R - 4
SOIL E NVIR ONMENT
4.1 SOI L ENVI R ONMENT
DEFINITION:

Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts,
radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and
animal health.

4.2 SOURCE OF SOIL POLLUTION

There are various means of soil pollution. Soil pollution in Mira – Bhayander is increasing
day by day resulting in poor crop stand along with health hazards of human beings and animals.
Major sources of soil pollution in Mira – Bhayander are as follows:

1. Industrial effluents
2. Sewage Sludge
3. Fertilizers and pesticides application.
4. Non - degradable Solid Waste
5. Bio- medical Waste.

4.3 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION

Soil Sampling is done quaterly i.e, thrice a year from three sampling locations . Soil
sampling location of Mira – Bhayander is as follows

1) Jesal Park
2) Creek Sediments
3) Near Mira Road railway station

4.4 SOIL ANALY SIS REPORT

Yearly Average Soil analysis report from May – 2008 to April -2009 is as follows,
ORGANIC ORGANIC
SAMPLING pH( 20% EC
CARBON P 2 O5 % K2O % MATTER
SITES suspension) mS/cm
% % per gram
Jesal Park 8.12 0.010 2.61 5.25 10.10 2.61
Creek sediments 7.89 0.12 3.24 6.42 9.8 3.24
Near Mira road
7.69 0.67 2.94 7.54 14.75 2.94
railway station

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

Fig – 4.1 Barchart showing Yaerly Average Analysis Results of Soil samples from May 2008 to
April 2009

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Soil Samples

25
Analysis Results

0
1 2 3
Sampling Locations
pH( 20% suspension) EC mS/cm
ORGANIC CARBON % P2O5 %
K2O% ORGANIC MATTER % per gram

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C H APT E R - 5
NOISE E NVIR ONMENT

5.1 NOI SE ENVI R ONMENT

Noise pollution is displeasing human or machine created sound that disrupts the
environment. The overarching source of most noise worldwide is generated by transportation
systems, principally motor vehicle noise, but also including aircraft noise. Besides transportation
noise, other prominent sources are office equipment, factory machinery, appliances, power tools
and audio entertainment systems.

In Mira-Bhayander noise levels are monitored in different sectors such as Residential &
commercial area and Industrial area. In each month noise levels are recorded with the help of
Noisemeter.

5.2 NOISE SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Table 5.1 Sampling Locations for measuring Noise levels

Sr.No. Sampling Locations name

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Table no. 5.2. – Yearly Average Noise levels measured during May 2008 to April 2009

Yaerly Average Analysis Results of Noise Levels

70
Noise levels Measured

50
NOISE
40 LEVELS
(dB)
30

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sampling Locations

Figure no. 5.1 Barchart showing Yearly Average Analysis of Noise levels from May 2008 to April
2009

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C H APT E R – 6
COMP AR A T IV E ST UDIE S

In comparative study the objects are specimens or cases which are similar in some respects
but they differ in some respects. These differences become the focus of examination. The goal is to
find out why the cases are different to reveal the general underlying structure which allows and
generates such a variation.

In this section pollution load of 07-08 and 08-09 is compared. This is done to keep a check on
the pollution levels so that the proper measures can be taken.

6.1 C OMPAR ATI VE STUDY OF WATER SAMP LES

6.1.1 Annual Comparative Study of Minicipal / Drinking Water Samples

Table no. 6.1 Comparison between Municipal Water Samples

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH 7.77 7.39
TSS 0 0
TDS 74.88 40.96
TS 52.63 40.96
BOD 0 0
TH 120.47 137.8
TA 85.6 92.1
NH3 0 0
Nitrate 0.38 0.47
Inorganic PO4 0.63 0.50
Total PO4 0.84 0.93
MPN 0 0
F. Coli 0 0
E. Coli 0 0

Municipal water analysis results of previous year and this year are compared, shown in following
graph.

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Comparisio n o f Mu nicipal Water Samples

145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
Analysis Results

85
80
75
70 2007-
65 2008
60
55
2008-
50
2009
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
4

li
e
D

PN
S

li
3
H

TA
S

Co
at
TD

H
TS

T
O
P

C
P
itr
N

M
B

E.
N

ot
g

T
or
In

Parameters

Figure no. 6.1 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Municipal Water
Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are slightly on higher
side than the previous year.

6.1.2 Annual Comparative Study of Borewell Water Samples

Table no.6.2 Comparison between Borewell Water

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH 7.24 7.41
TSS 67.21 54.85
TDS 462.7 598.1
TS 625.31 799.85
BOD 20.69 22.65
TH 241.20 125.6
TA 96.58 108.7
NH3 0.10 0.16
Nitrate 0.30 0.22
Inorganic PO4 0.25 0.30

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Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

Total PO4 7.54 8.51

MPN 3 5
F. Coli 5 5
E. Coli 8 10.2

Borewell water analysis results of previous years and this year are compared, shown in following
graph.

Comparision of Analysis Results of Borewell Samples

850
800
750
700
650
600
An alysis Results

550
500
450
2007-2008
400
350
300 2008-2009
250
200
150
100
50
0
i

i
H

D
TH

N
H3

4
SS

ol
O

PO
TD
P

P
O
a

.C
C
T

M
B

itr

F.
l
N

E
c
ta
ni
To
ga
or
In

Parameters

Figure no. 6.2 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Borewell Water
Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are slightly on higher
side than the previous year.

6.1.3 Annual Comparative Study of Ground Water Samples

Table no. 6.3 Comparison between Ground Water

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH 7.25 7.8
TSS 65.23 90.5
TDS 325.41 409.5
TS 476.21 569.05
BOD 25.14 27.15

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TH 100.45 191.3
TA 142.69 163.35
NH3 0.31 0.40
Nitrate 5.36 7.54
Inorganic PO4 0.36 0.53
Total PO4 0.63 1.06
MPN 24 34
F. Coli 25 17
E. Coli 30 24

Ground water analysis results of previous years and this year are compared, shown in following
graph.

Comparision of Analysis Results of G round Water Samples

600
550
500
450
400
Analysis Results

350
300 2007-
2008
250
2008-
200 2009
150
100
50
0
4

4
O

i
D

PN
3

an e
PH

TA
S

ol
TH

rg rat
TS

P
O
T
TD

C
lP
N

M
B

ic
it

E.
F
N

ta
To
o
In

Parameters

Figure no. 6.3 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Ground Water
Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are slightly on higher
side than the previous year.

6.1.4 Annual Comparative Study of River water Samples

Table no.6.4 Comparison between River water

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH 7.00 7.41
TSS 50.2 52.7
TDS 114.62 127.3
TS 355.7 381.5

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BOD 45.91 57.70

TH 84.67 86.14
TA 98.48 123.05
NH3 156.9 125.4
Nitrate 26.94 12.70
Inorganic PO4 26.42 25.44
Total PO4 49.31 64.50
MPN 21 32
F. Coli 8 6
E. Coli 22 19

River water analysis results of previous year and this year are compared, shown in following
graph.

Comparision of Average Analysis Results of River Water Samples

450

400

350

300
Analysis Results

250 2007-
2008
200

150 2008-
100
2009

0
e

i
3
H

N
S

ol
ol
O

O
H

at
O
D
P

P
T

.C
P

lP
r
N

M
T

F.
ic

E
ta
N

To
rg
o
In

Parameters

Figure no. 6.4 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Ground Water
Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are slightly on higher do
not show much difference.

6.1.5 Annual Comparative Study of Creek Water Samples

Table no. 6.5 Comparison between Creek Water

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH 6.89 7.66
TSS 68.26 76.15
TDS 501.84 603
TS 641.61 660.35
BOD 25.68 29.3
TH 100.58 169.9

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TA 56.94 152.6
NH3 8.67 14.20
Nitrate 29.37 31.13
Inorganic PO4 10.84 6.10
Total PO4 12.48 12.33
MPN 30 21
F. Coli 8 6
E. Coli 10 13

Comparison of Average Analysis Results of Creek Water Samples

700
650
600
550
500
450
Analysis Results

400
350 2 007-
300 2 008
250 2 008-
200 2 009
150
100
50
0

i
te

i
PH

PN
H3
S

ol
PO

O
O
TD

tr a
TS

C
lP
N

M
B

E.
ic
Ni

F.
ta
an

To
rg o
In

Para me ters

Figure no. 6.5 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Creek Water Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are slightly on higher do
not show much difference.

6.1.6 Annual Comparative Study of Nallah Water Samples

Table no. 6.6 Comparison between Nallah Water

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH 6.5 7.9
TSS 520 765
TDS 823 1354
TS 731 2114
BOD 41.09 65.15
COD 50.8 230.54
TH 106.7 229.10
TA 134.6 237.05

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MPN 30 75
F. Coli 10 23
E. Coli 12 25

Comparision of Average Analysis Results of Nallah Water Samples

2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
Analysis Results

1300
2007-
1200 2008
1100
1000 2008-
2009
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
PH TSS TDS TS BOD COD TH TA MPN F. C oli E. Coli
Parameters

Figure no. 6.6 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Nallah Water
Samples
The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are on higher side than
the previous year.

6.1.7 Annual Comparative Study of Industrial Water Samples

Table no. 6.7 Comparison between Industrial Water
Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009
PH 6.18 7.94
TSS 412 744
TDS 726 1027
TS 1264 2424
BOD 50.94 76.85
COD 103.96 184.20
TH 140 283.25
TA 236 312
MPN 52 71
F. Coli 36 24
E. Coli 14 22

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Comparision of Average Analysis Results of Industrial Water Samples

26 00
25 00
24 00
23 00
22 00
21 00
20 00
19 00
18 00
Analysis Results

17 00
16 00
15 00
14 00 2007 -
13 00 2008
12 00
11 00 2008 -
10 00 2009
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
PH TSS TDS TS BOD COD TH TA MPN F. Coli E. Coli
Parameters

Figure no. 6.7 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Industrial Water
Samples
The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are on higher side than
the previous year.

6.1.8 Annual Comparative Study of Lake Water Samples

Table no. 6.8 Comparison between Lake Water
Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009
PH 7.01 7.73
TSS 103.72 162.35
TDS 287.26 418.27
TS 326 578
BOD 38 61
COD 96 199
TH 115 224
TA 84 158
NH3 0.24 0.84
Nitrate 0.91 2.13
Inorganic PO4 0.31 0.80
Total PO4 0.42 1.88
MPN 24 35
F. Coli 10 14
E. Coli 26 38

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Compar ision between Average Analysis Results of Lake Water Samples

700

600

500
Analysis Results

400
2007-
300 2008

200 2008-
2009
100

li
H3

O4
PH

PN
S

Co
CO
TD
TS

tra

lP
N

M
B

E.
Ni

F.
ic

ta
an

To
rg o
In

Parameters

Figure no. 6.8 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Lake Water Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are on higher side than
the previous year.

6.2 C OMPAR ATI VE STUDY OF SOI L SAMPLES

In this section pollution load of 07-08 and 08-09 on Soil is compared. This is done to keep a
check on the pollution levels so that the proper measures can be taken.

6.2.1 Annual Comparative Study of Soil Samples

Table no.6.9 Comparison between Soil Samples

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

PH ( 20%
6.3 7.9
suspension)
EC mS/cm 0.15 0.27
ORGANIC
0.93 2.93
CARBON %
P2 O5 % 1.3 6.9
K2 O % 9.7 17.17
ORGANIC
1.63 2.93
MATTER%

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Comparision of Average Analysis Results of Soil Samples

14
Analysis Results

12
2007-
10 2008
8 2008-
6 2009
4

0
PH EC ORGANIC P2O5 K2O ORGANIC
CARBON MATTER
Parameters

Figure no. 6.9 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Soil Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are on higher side than
the previous year.

6.3 C OMPAR ATI VE STUDY OF AMBI ENT AI R SAMPL ES

6.3.1 Annual Comparative Study of Ambient Air Samples

Table no.6.10 Comparison between Soil Samples

Parameters 2007-2008 2008-2009

RSPM 83 95
SOx 30 65
NOx 21 32

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Comparsion of Average Analysis Results of Ambient Air Samples

100
90
80
Analysed Values

70
60 2007-
50 2008
40 2008-
30 2009
20
10
0
RSPM SOx NOx
Pa ramete rs

Figure no. 6.10 Barchart showing Comparision between Analysis Results of Soil Samples

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are on higher side than
the previous year.

6.4 C OMPAR ATI VE STUDY OF NOI SE LEVELS

6.4.1 Annual Comparative Study of Noise Levels

Table no.6.11 Comparison between Noise Levels

Sampling Location 2007-2008 2008-2009

1 68 59
2 42 58
3 40 45
4 53 65
5 80 78
6 63 78
7 56 65
8 45 56
9 50 54
10 69 78
11 59 68

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Comparision between Average Analysed Noise Levels

90
80
Noise Levels Measured

70
60
50 2007-
2008
40
2008-
30 2009

20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sampling Locations

Figure no. 6.11 Barchart showing Comparision between Average Analysed Noise Levels

The graphical representations shown that the analysed values for this year are on higher side than
the previous year.

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CHAPTER – 7
FACILITIES

7.1 WATER SUPPLY SY STEM

Mira-Bhayander region has population of about 9 lakhs. Mira - Bhayander gets 86MLD from
Shahad Temghar Management (STEM) while 30MLD as sanctioned amount. But present water
supply from MIDC is average 9MLD. But water requirement of Mira – Bhayander area is arround
105MLD, thus having defecieny of from MIDC is surrounded by several water bodies such as
Lakes, Creek etc. but the water requirement of the population is fulfilled by Municipal treated
water and bore well water. MBMC has also undertaken Rain Water Harvesting project. This has
helped to reduce the pressure on bore well water usage. To fulfill the water requirements of the
ever increasing population, 10 MLD extra water pipeline was sanctioned from 1995-96 onwards.
Accordingly, Rs. 110 crore project was carried under Maharastra Jeevan Pradhikaran for 86 MLD
additional water supply. This project was implemented from 2002, the project is now looked after
by STEM. A sanction scheme of 30 MLD water from MIDC is also a support source, but at present
only 8.00 MLD is actually supplied from this scheme.

The avoid leakage in water piping system many programmes are undertaken. One from
these is replacement of craking cement pipes carring water. And also it is made sure that each and
every part of Mira – Bhayander has water connection. Thw Water Tax during 2008 – 2009 is 90%
which comes around to Rs.2563.30 la kh while from this Rs. 2321.48 lakh is recovered. Thus this year
90.57% tax is recovered. There are 29372 water connections in Mira Bhayander area of which 26979
connection are for residential purpose and 2393 water connections are for commercial purposes.

Table No. 7.1 Water Supply

Year Population Water Permissible Present Water Defficiency

Requirement water supply
(MLD) Amount
2009 9 lakh 120 STEM – 86 STEM – 83 27MLD
MIDC – 30 MIDC - 7 Defficient
TOTAL - 116 TOTAL - 93
2011 9.83 lakh 147 STEM – 86
MIDC – 30
SURYA DAM
WATER
SUPPLY – 100
TOTAL - 213
2021 14.74 lakh 221 - do -
2031 22.11 lakh 331 - do -

7.2 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

The suburb is very close to the city and despite being situated in Thane district, it enjoys all
the facilities provided by the Mira-Bhayander Municipal Corporation (MBMC) including power
from Reliance, telecom facilities from MTNL. These factors have been instrumental in people
choosing to live in Mira-Bhayander. There are 8948 street lights pole and total electricity

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consumption is 60 lakh kWh per annum. In Municipal Corporation Head Office Garden, Rai
Smashan Bhoomi, area stands on solar panel system.

7.3 TRANSPORTATION
The Western Railway Suburban local train service is the primary means of transport and
commute to Mumbai. At present the Borivali- Virar railway track is four lanes and many new trains
had been started to cater the increasing commuter in the region. The government has further plans
to have more trains running between Virar and Borivali. This should somewhat ease the commute
to and from Mira-Bhayander. A railway yard has also in pipeline in the Bhayander area. This is just
the start and if the development continues then Mira road and Bhayander will be the most
important stations in the Western Railway circuit.

Mr. Ganes h Naik, Environmental Minister has inaugurated the Mira-Bhayander

transportation program on 15 th Sep. 2005 and hence forth the Mira-Bhayander bus service was
started. Currently 50 busses are running o n 15 routes under MBMC’s transportation program.
Mira-Bhayander has well connected network of roads and flyovers, designed to cater to the ever
increasing number of vehic les and public transport. Over years, several new roads have been added
and many existing roads widened. Most of the roads now have sufficiently wide foot paths. The
only road route to Bhayander is through Mira Road which in turn connects to Mumbai through the
Western Express Highway (NH - 8). Existing developed roads area is 154.91 sq.km. There are 12
signals to control smooth traffic run. There is o nly o ne existing road connecting NH – 8 and ROB.
This is not sufficient ot catter increasing traffic. There fore, necessities to develop ring route of
roads. Under ring route project 11 roads are proposed of which 9 are still be completed.

State Transport (S.T.) and Thane Municipal Transport (T.M.T.) buses have started running
between Mira Road and Thane. Recently, MBMT (Mira Bhayander Transport Corporation) buses
have started running between Mira Road and Bhayander. Frequencies of these buses are being
increased to ease the travel a bit. The Mira Road-Bhayander Link Road and the two new railway
lines which are soon to become the USPs for Mira-Bhayander. Western Railways and BEST provide
the transportation needed by the suburb. There are also private buses and auto-rickshaws that
make life easier. MBMT is also granting concession for students and commuters under monthly, 2
monthly and quarterly pass schemes also free transportation facility is given to the soldiers.

7.4 FIRE BRIGADE & EMERGENCY SERVICE CENTER

MBMC’s Fire brigade and Emergency servic e centre is functioning 24 hrs. for benefit of the
citizens. The department is always working to avoid deaths during accidents and natural
calamities. To make citizens more alert during such situation they are giving primary training by
arranging demonstration programs in schools, colleges, police stations etc. The department is not
only working for Mira-Bhayander but also helping the regio ns nearby. Presently there is one fire
brigade station at 60 ft. road, Bhayander (W.)

7.5 HEALTH & MEDICAL FACILITIES

The city has both private as well as municipal primary health care centers are operating in
Mira – Bhayander Corporation area. There are about 2026 no. of vaccination programs conducted
per month. Medical health centre of MBMC provides medical facility and distributes medicines for

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epidemic diseases such as Gastro, Cholera, jaundice, Polio, Typhoid etc. Ambulance and Mobile
clinic service are made available 24 hrs for the citizens.

Table No. 7.2 Health & Medical Facilities

SR. NO. TYPE OF FACILITY TOTAL NO.

1. Private Hospitals 44
2. Maternity Hospital 31
3. Government Veterinary Hospital 01
4. Pathology lab 28
5. Dispensaries 369
6. Ambulance Services 03

Birth and Death centre of MBMC is working according to Birth-Death Registration rule
1969, Maharashtra Birth-Death Registration rule 2000 and Mumbai regional municipal corporation
rule 1949 under section 263 to 271. MBMC’s new and advanced Public care center has been started
on 31.01.05 this centre issues birth and death certificates. In year 2007; 58 Dengue cases were
registered along with 173 Maleria cases. In year 2008, 143 Malerial cases were observed with 1
death due to Dengue. In year 2009, uptill know 23 Malerial cases are registered with no deaths.

7.6 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Education has become the basic right and necessary of each and every individual. It not only
facilitates good culture but also helps in the overall sustenance of the individual in this competitive
world. MBMC has excellent facilities and infrastructure with the help of which it is providing
exceptional quality of education.

Literacy level of Mira-Bhayander is 81%. There are 34 Municipal Corporation schools, 20

schools are government affiliated and 131 no. of private schools. These schools and colleges are for
both poor and medium class children. Good level of teaching is developed and is maintained. There
are separate scholarships and funds given to the poor students.

The medium of instruction are varied from Marathi, Hindi, Guja rati and Urdu. At present
202 Teachers are teaching in municipal scholls in this corporation jurisdiction.

7.7 GARDENS AND PARKS

In Mira-Bhayander plantation program is carried on a large scale and varieties of plants are
being planted. At present, there are approximately 1,89,8 42 number of trees, according to 2005 –
2006 census. Two nurseries have been developed by MBMC whic h consists of plants of various
species. These plants are given free to the citizens/organizations as per the requirement. Tulsi
plants are developed and are gifted to the students on various occasions and they are also
encouraged to carry out the plantation.

Gardens and open spaces provide recreational areas for people and children of the city.
Large variety of trees are planted on road side, in open spaces, in gardens etc.

World Environment Day is celebrated on 5 th June and 16 June Tree Plantation Day is
celebrated in Municipal Corporation by organizing rallies at 4 places in 4 departments. All the

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offisers and administratives are present for thses function.. Large no. of trees are planted on this
day to reduce the pollution level, to increase the green zone, to protect the old trees as well as to
plant new ones. People with Botanical knowledge who help conserve the greenery and
surrounding are awarded with symbol of Sal & Coconut.

MBMC provides special attention to stop the tree cutting. MBMC has developed and
decorated 32 gardens, 3 playgrounds, 2 seashores, 13 graveyards.

Figure No. 7.1 Plantation at Velankini Church Uttan, Bhate

All gardens and parks are well maintained. The Shivar lake and Navghar udyan are used
for recreational purpose, gardens are provided with swings, see-saws etc. to maintain cleanliness in
the park, they are provided with dustbins, toilets and drinking water. Lawns and Joggers Park
provided for morning walk.

Work done by the forest department for the advancement of Mira-Bhayander:

1. Navghar old lake, Navghar Lake has been very nicely developed not only for the children but
for the people form all age groups.
2. Playground outside the Penkarpada is decorated.
3. Landscaping of Raai Gandhi Lake is done and is made available to children.
4. Landscaping of Chimaji Appa Udyan is done and has become a favorite tourist spot.
5. Navghar graveyard is decorated through plantation.
6. Morning walk track is developed on Navghar Marathi school’s ground.
7. Landscaping of Nana - Nani park at Mira road sector no. 1 is done and is well decorated.
8. Traffic gardens are developed and well maintained at Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj road
Kashimira.
9. Murdha graveyard is converted into Nani-Nani Park and jogging track is also constructed
there.
10. Same Raai graveyard is also decorated through landscaping.

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Figure no. 7.2 Mira Saibaba Park Figure no. 7.3 Muradha Baludhyan

Following list of plants which are observed within corporation area:

a) Wild Varieties : Raintree, Gulmohor, Kadam, Accacia, Asoka, Saptaparni, Badam,

Peltophorum, Coconut, Bottle – Base Palm. Vad, Peeple,Umbar etc.

b) Medicinal Varieties : Kaduneem, Bel, Aritha, Rakgota, Asagandha, Berda, Hirda, Awla, Sabja
etc.

c) Decorative Varieties : Golden Duranta, Areca Palm, Kaneri, Kardal, Croton, Acacia,
Acalypha, Tulsi, Bougan villa, Lalbadshah, Parijatak, etc.

7.8 ENTERTAINMENT CENTERS

A large no. of shops, showrooms, restaurants has been opened in the Municipal area.
Multiplexes, shopping centers, malls etc. have started here. The local authority maintains a record
of the number of shops, Commercial establishments, Theatres etc. registered or cancelled for year to
year with number of employees in respective establishments.

7.9 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

Gorai is also popular for its beach and nearby Manori beach and is a popular weekend
getaway for Bhayander residents. These beaches are generally safe to swim except during the
monsoons.

Mira-Bhayander is a historical city and an important business port. The Ghodbunder fort is
notified in the gazette of the archeological survey of India. The fort was established in the Maratha
era to protect the Bassain fort. The Daravi fort was also established in the Maratha era by Chimaji
Appa in 1663, to protect the Bassien fort. Bhayander fort was established by Peshwas.

Essel World has a special place in the hearts of Mumbaikars and also people across the
country. This is because it is the oldest amusement park in the city. Though being one of the first
Amusement Parks, it is new in style and concept. Essel world is an international-style theme park

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and amusement park that has defined the parameters of modern fun. It is located just a few
Kilometers outside city limits at Gorai, it is situated on a green landscaped, island on an area of 64
acres. It can be reached by ferry from Gorai creek or Marve Beach.

7.10 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

A sewage treatment plant is meant for the purification of sewage originating from
residential & commercial areas of Mira-Bhayander town of Maharashtra state. The domestic sewage
bears large amount of suspended solids of various origins. Sewage treatment, or domestic
wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and
domestic. It includes processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its
objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge which is
suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment.

In Mira-Bhayander STP is located at following places:

Table no.7.3 : Name & Capcity of STP in Mira - Bhayander

Sr. no. Name of STP Capacity

1. Jesal park STP 2.0 MLD
2. Srushti STP 2.0 MLD
3. Shanti Nagar sector 5.0 MLD
No. 10 STP
4. Shanti Park STP 2.0 MLD
5. R.N.A STP 1.5 MLD

Figure 7.4 - STP at Jesal Park

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Table no.7.4 List of MBR, ESR, & GSR

Sr. Name of ESR/SUMP Capacity in lakh

no. liters
1. Dongri MBR 7.60
2. Chene ESR 1.00
3. Versave ESR 0.80
4. Kashi ESR 2.50
5. Mira ESR 3.00
6. Fathak ESR 3.80
7. Goddev ESR 12.50
8. Kamala Park ESR 17.50
9. Morva ESR 5.00
10. Uttan ESR 10.00
11. Light House ESR 0.80
12. Navghar School ESR 25.00
13. Kanakiya ESR 12.50
14. Sudama Nagar ESR 8.00
15. Survey No. 777 ESR 20.00
16. Silver Park ESR 20.00
17. Asmita Park ESR 20.00
18. MIDC (LL) ESR 20.00
19. MIDC (HL) ESR 6.00
20. Jesal Park ESR 4.00
21. Shanti Nagar Sec.7 ESR 1.10
22. Shanti Nagar Sec. 11 ESR 0.87
23. Kashi Janata Nagar GSR & 2.50
Pumping Station
24. Dongri Sump & Pumping 1.20
25. Asmita Park Sump & Pumping 10.00
26. MIDC Sump & Pumping 20.00
27. Shanti Nagar Sec. 7 Sump & 1.10
Pumping
28. Shanti Nagar Sec. 11 Sump & 1.07
Pumping
TOTAL 237.84 lakh liters

7.11 UNDERGROUND SEWERAG E SCHEME UNDER JNNRUM

1) Name of the project : Design, Buid & Operate Under Ground Sewerage Scheme for Mira
– Bhayander Municipal Corporation.

2) A.A. : Hon. General Body Resolution No. 59 Date 18/12/04.

3) Cost of the project : 349.18 Crore

Mira – Bhayander Corporation plans to treat total 110 MLD Sewerage under phase – I and for
ultimate stage it will be 306 MLD in total three phases. Due to acute shortage of land and to
avoid Railway Crossing and Highway Crossing, Corporation has made 10 zones during 1 st
phase. Zonewise capacity of STP is as given below;

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Table No. 7.5: Zonewise capacity of STP

Zone Capacity
1 14 MLD
2 8 MLD
3 17 MLD
4 12 MLD
5 7 MLD
6.A 13 MLD
6B 7 MLD
6C 11 MLD
7 12 MLD
8 9 MLD

The project planned to execute satisfactory commisioning of underground sewerage scheme

to Mira – Bhayander city.

4) Collection & Conveyance System :

Providing and Laying of 89km Np – 4 & Np – 3 RCC/HDPE pipes having diameters ranging
from 150mm to 1200mm and RCC manholes having depths rangign from 1.5 m to 9m along
with allied items & works.

5) STP’s & Pumping Stations :

Since the Scheme is based on de – centralised waste water system the Sewerage Treatment
Plants proposedare packaged Treatment Plants. There are total 10 STP proposed in 9 zones
having treatment capacity ranging from 7 MLD to 17 MLD. Total capacity is 100MLD.
6) Flow Measurements :

It is proposed to install total 18 nos. of full bore Electromagnetic flow meters with GSM capacity
to measure the inflow to the system and flow from STP.

7) Out Fall Sewer :

The treated sewage from each Sewerage Treatment Plant is to be pumped to the nearest nallah
through GRP pipes ranging from 400mm to 600mm dia and length 200m to 2000m.

8) SCADA for complete Network :

Since the entire system is working under different sub systems and the treated water is intenetd
to use for non – portable uses, there is need for continuous monitoring of treated water quality
and analysis of various scenarious which is proposed through SCADA.

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10) Capital contribution and Inflow for Project

Source Total Contribution Actual Amount Utilization

(Cores) Releated
G.O.I 115.99 28.99 -
State 49.71 12.42 -
ULB 165.71 - -
TOTAL 331.42 Crore 41.42 Crore 49.19 Crore

11) Present Position :

Survey work of all sites is completed. Collection system design of zone no. 4 is completed. 1km
pipes has been supplied by agency. STP design and collection system of remaing zones is under
progress. Supply of pipes is under progress. Establishment of offices is also under progress.

In this project treated sewage is reused for gardens farm, flushing and industry. Because of
this lot of water will be saved. In this project package treatment plan STP is included and Eco
sanitation and Decentralized is used.

Sewage is created by Residences, Institutions, and Commercial and Industrial

establishments. It can be treated close to where it is created or collected and transported via a
network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant. Sewage collection and
treatment is typically subject to local and state regulations and standards. Industrial sources of
wastewater often require specialized treatment processes.

The raw sewage mainly contains dissolved and suspended organic matters. This treatment
facility involves separation of suspended solids followed by its stabilization, by the action of
microorganisms, under anaerobic conditions. The anaerobically digested sludge is disposed off.
The clarified sewage emanating from the settling tanks is chlorinated, before being disposed off.

The salient features of the treatment process adopted in this plant are:

a. Plain sedimentation of raw sewage in settling tanks.

b. Sludge digestion in digesters.
c. Chlorination of settled sewage before disposal.

The units are designed for maximum efficiency within the design flo w range and sewage
characteristics close control. Co-ordination in operation of different units is to be exercised for
efficient plant operation. The sewage treatment facility comprises of,

1. Screen Channel: AS the sewage passes through the screen bar, the screen arrests the floating
materials and other debris. The screenings are manually raked out and disposed off to a suitable
location by using wheelbarrow. There are two screens, one working and the other standby, and are
manually operated.

2. Grit Chamber: The screened sewage is conveyed to the grit chamber by gravity. However, the
entire sewage can be bypassed directly into the partial flume through the bypass channel. As the
sewage passes through the grit chamber, materials having higher density, like sand, settle down due
to the reduction in the velocity of flow. The settled grit is swept by a mechanical scrapping device
into a peripheral pit at one side of the tank from where it is lifted continu ously with the help of rake

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classifier and conveyed to a standing trolley. The de - gritted sewage overflows the grit chamber and
is conveyed to the flow measurer.

3. Flow Measurer: Raw sewage from the grit chamber enters the flow measurer for fl ow
measurement. This unit is suitable for measuring the flow in an open channel with a contracti on,
which gives level variation for different flows. The level measurement actually indicates the rate of
flow. Flow is measured locally by a float-operated indicator moving on a calibrated scale.

4. Primary Settling Tank : The de-gritted sewage after the flow measurement is received in the
primary settling tank by gravity. The entire raw sewage can be bypassed directly to the chlorine
contact chamber through distribution chambers at the inlet of settling tank no. 1. The primary settling
tanks are circular sedimentation tanks wi th a central inlet chute and a peripheral overflow launder.
The settlement of suspended solid s is due to gravity. The sewage is received in the settling tank
through a central feed pipe, which delivers into a circular M.S. inlet chute, which distributes the flow
equally in all directions, thus, utilizing its capacity to the fullest. The clarified sewage overflows the
peripheral overflow launder and is collected over the launder channel from where it is conveyed to
the chlorine contact by gravity. The scraper arm suspended from the rotating bridge pushes the
sludge settled at the bottom, into the central sludge zone. A scum board is fixed to the bridge for the
purpose of removing the floating scum. The settled sludge collected at the central sludge zone is
withdrawn periodically into the sludge sump and dumped out to the thickener for further treatment.

5. Raw Sludge Sump & Pump House: The settled sludge from the primary settling tank is received
in the raw sludge sump. Two pumps, one working and the other standby, are installed in the pump
house. They convey the sludge to the thickener, where the sludge is thickened and withdrawn with
the help of thickened sludge pumps provided in the sludge pump house and conveyed to the digests
for further treatment.

6. Thickener: The sludge from the primary settling tank settles in the raw sludge sump due to gravity,
from where it is pumped into the thickener by raw sludge pump. The sludge is denatured and
thickened from 3 - 6% It settles at the bottom of the thickener while the supernatant overflows to the
launders and conveyed to the raw sewage sump. The thickened sludge is scraped and pushed
towards the central sludge zone motor coupled to a reduction gearbox.

7.12 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYST EM

Mira-Bhayander region is located near creek, as there are less natural water reservoirs; the
town offer suffers from water shortage. Presently this regio n is receiving 86 MLD water form
STEM. Although there is adequate water available for the citizens of Mira-Bhayander yet MBMC is
making every effort to save and conserve the water.

As the average rainfall of the region is 2500 mm. to 3000 mm. the Roof Rain Water
Harvesting Project is implemented for the main building. Daily many people come to MBMC’s
office for various work hence increasing the water usage. Every day 20,000 lit. Potable water is used
in Office toilets, Garden, Cleaning of vehicle, Inner and outs.

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Figure 7.5 - Roof Rain Water Harvesting

There was an extra unwanted usage of water in MB MC’s main building at Bhayander (W.)
So with the help of natural resources a ‘Roof Rain Water Harvesting Project’ was implemented to
balance the over usage of water. Accordingly a place was selected for the project in premises of
MBMC’s main building. A pit of size 10’x10’x10’ was dug; it is then filled with some Stones,
Crushed stones and Sand. Rain water accumulated on building’s terrace is directed to pit through a
pipe. Due to this an increase in the level of water table is observed and also the water quality is
improved. Water collected form Roof Rain Water Harvesting Project is analysed for various
parameters and the results indicate that it can be used for drinking purpose. Increase in the quality
and purity of water will be observed in next 3-4 years. Around 3.9 lac rupees are invested in the
project. Daily 20 to 22 MLD water is made available through this project. This harvested water is
used in Toilets, Garden, Cleaning of vehicle, Inner and outside cleaning of main building; hence
15,000 to 20,000 lit. of water is being saved everyday.

MBMC has arranged the workshop with the help of Rambhau Mhalagi Prabodhini for social
organization and social workers to make them understand the importance of this Roof Rain Water
Harvesting Project. MBMC has published a booklet during the workshop to spread awareness of
the importance of saving the water. This has inspired private developers/housing agency to
implement additional 7 projects of such type. These projects are running successfully and
harvesting 3.0 lac lit. Water per day.

7.13 SOLI D WASTE M ANAGEMENT

Solid waste management includes all activities that

seek to minimise the health, enviro nmental and
aesthetic impacts of solid wastes. Solid waste can be
defined as material that no longer has any value to the
person who is responsible for it, and is not intended to
be discharged through a pipe. It does not normally
include human excreta. It is generated by domestic,
commercial, industrial, healthcare, agricultural and
mineral extraction activities and accumulates in streets
and public places. The words “garbage”, “trash”,
“refuses” and “rubbish” is used to refer to some forms of solid waste.

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 80

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

Garbage is divided into 4 categories:

Organic waste: kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits.

• Toxic waste: old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide
containers, batteries, shoe polish.
• Recyclable: paper, glass, metals, plastics.
• Soiled: hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids.

Types of solid waste: Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source:

a) Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste,

b) Industrial waste as hazardous waste, and
c) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.

Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris,
sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and
commercial complexes.

Industrial and hospital waste is considered hazardous as they may contain toxic substances.
Certain types of household waste are also hazardous. Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to
humans, animals, and plants; are corrosive, highly inflammable, or explosive; and react when
exposed to certain things e.g. gases. Household wastes that can be categorized as hazardous waste
include old batteries.

Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human

beings or animals or in research activities in these fields or in the production or testing of
biologicals. It may include wastes like sharps, soiled waste, disposables, anatomical waste, cultures,
discarded medicines, chemical wastes, etc. These are in the form of disposable syringes, swabs,
bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc. This waste is highly infectious and can be a serious
threat to human health if not managed in a scientific and discriminate manner.

M/s. Enviro Vigil has the authorization from Maharashtra Pollution Control Board for the
collection, transport and disposal of bio-medical waste (MPCB / ROT / BMW – 3 / 2003) like
human & animal blood, organs, dressing materials, syringes, etc., generated within the Mira
Bhayander Municipal Corporation by the government and private labs, pathological laboratories,
nursing homes, maternity hospitals, clinics, etc. By the rules of biomedical waste disposal, 1998, the
waste is collected in coloured bags that are internationally approved and then sent to Thane for
treatment and disposal. Every month approximately 1742 kg of biomedical waste gets transported
to Thane. Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation has an agreement with Bhayander Medical
Association and M/s. Enviro Vigil for the management of biomedical waste.

7.13.1 Integrated Multi product Municipal Solid Waste Project

In Mira Bhayander region, the total solid waste generation is about 450 tons per day. Dis trict
Collector of Thane has handed over the 31 hectare land at Mauje Uttan Pali to MBMC on 26.12.03
for management of solid waste under Solid Waste Management Program. Further, MBMC has
given the solid waste management work to M/s Henjer Biotech Mira Energy purely o n the basis of
build, operate and transfer. For this purpose, 30 acre land has been given to the company for 30
years lease for which Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation receivesRs. 1/ sq.m./year as rent.

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 81

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

Salient Features of the Project:

1. In this project, daily produced solid waste will be segregated and treated at the site.

2. The high heat content solid waste will be converted to Eco- coal for substitute of coal.

3. Bio- degradable waste will be converted to compost and will be available to Municipal
Corporation at 35% less than market cost for plantation purposes.

4. Soil and sand will be separated from the solid waste and converted to Eco bricks which will
be useful for construction field.

5. The 19%rejected material from the project will be send to landfill site according to the MSW
Rules, 2000. Work is under process for preparation of landfill site.

Figure no. 7.6 Solid waste Processing site is being developed at Uttan Pali

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 82

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

CHAPTER - 8
SUGGESTIVE MEASURES

Based on the assessment of the enviro nmental status of the areas under MBMC jurisdiction,
an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared which describes the measures that
MBMC may follow for the protection and betterment of the environment. This plan is aimed to
assist the efforts of the MBMC to achieve continued enviro nmental improvements and quality of
life of the people residing in MBMC areas. The environmental problems are area specific, the
environmental Management Plan prepared for MBMC takes in to account those problems and
remedial measures are suggested

Key Issue Suggested Measures

Land Usage Proper survey should be carried out on the land usage pattern in MBMC area
which may shoul be updated regularly.
Adequate infrastructure viz. roads, parking places for the movement of Vehicles,
goods vehicles shall be provided in the industrial area.
Avenue plantation should be carried out on the roads in all the areas so that
adequate green cover is developed over a period of time. Special attention shall be
paid to ensure the survival rate of the avenue plantation. Flowering trees shall be
used for the avenue plantation and Monoculture may be strictly avoided since
those trees do not support bird fauna.
Adequate attention shall be paid to ensure that the forest areas are protected fr om
illegal cultivation dumping of debris, etc.
The industries generating hazardous wastes have a tendency to di spose of su ch
wastes in open areas. Therefore, such industries shall be watched and any illegal
industrial waste dumping in the coastal areas or open areas shall be prevented.
The open burning of the garbage or any other waste shall be strictly prohibited.
Housing and Slums Development of illegal slum colonies from springing in the city shall be prevented.
Undertake measures for all necessary steps shall be taken to improve the living
conditions in the low income residential areas/slums.

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 83

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

The dilapidated buildings shall be identified and steps shall be taken to protect the
residents of such buildings from the possible mishaps and loss of life.
Implementation of SRA Schemes as well as Rental Housing Schemes for settlement
of Slum population.
Public Hea lth & Generate a comprehensive and advanced database on the various health problems
Hygiene by collecting information from Municipal and private health clinics/ hospi tals and
other health care establishments in parameters at all health centers, hospi tals in
MBMC area.
Assess the current epidemic preparedness and take effe ctive steps to improve the
emergency response if any epidemic breaks out.
Provide adequate assistance to Municipal hospi tals to improve their capabilities to
handle emergencies.

It shall be ensured that Bio-medical wa ste generated by the hospitals in MBMC

area shall be sent to the BMW fa cility, by periodically visiting and checking the
practices followed by the municipal and private health care establishments to meet
the statutory requirement in respect of BMW treatment and disposal.
Water Supply & Identify the alternate water resources to meet the deficit water demand. The
Sanitation dependence on the ground water resources shall be minimized as far as possible to
protect the GW resour ces for u se during emergency requirement. The drawal of
excessive GW in the coastal area by mechanical means shall be prevented so that
there is no salinity ingress in the ground water. Ground water extracti on for
constru ction activity shall be prevented as far as possible.
Implementation of Rain water Harvesting schemes on large scale shall be
indentified and steps shall be taken to implement those schemes. The initiative
shall start from the Corp oration administra tive building. The RWH schemes
proposed by the Private parties shall be encouraged by the corporation while
giving the building permissions.
Take adequate steps to implement measures for preventing the contamination of
ground water as well water supplied by the Corporation. Adequate chlorine
dosing shall be provided in water mains and the residual chlorine levels shall meet
the drinking water standards.
Initiate water conservation program involving the consumers including
rationalization of water tariff, to prevent wastage of water by consumers.
Use of Treated Water from STP for secondary purposes, Gardening and fire –
fighting in Residential and aCommercial Complexs will reduce load on
Municipality.
Sewerage and Undertake long term plan for the Collecti on, Treatment and disposal of sewage
Drainage System from all areas of the city, especially those without access to sewerage lines.
Carry out the assessment of the sewage disposal and its impact on ecological status
of receiving water bodies and take measures to protect the ecology and
environment of the recipient water bodies.
Optimize the existing sewage pumping stations in order to impr ove the efficiency
of the present network.
Regular clearing of municipal drains to avoid the water logging during rainy
season.
Survey to assess the efficiency of the existing drainage system so that measures can
be taken accordingly.
Lakes and Water Undertake catchments area development program, in order to minimize pollutant
Bodies ingresses in the water bodies.

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 84

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation. Environmental Status Report 2008- 2009

Ensure adequate level of treatment for all the liquid wastes discharged into the
creek. The treated partially or untreated sewage shall not be disposed in these
water bodies. The open defecation/squatting or animal or vehicle washing in the
fresh water bodies shall be prevented.
Conduct comprehensive survey of the creek and river areas, in order to identify the
carrying capacity of the aquatic environment
Deveopment of artificial ponds especially for Ganesh chaturthi.
Schemes to be planned for the development of areas around the lakes, water bodies
into recreational, picnic spots.
Air and Noise Quality Adequate parking spaces shall be provided to avoid the traffic congestion. For this
purpose, a parking policy shall be prepared and the vacant land shall be identified
for its use as a temporary parking area.
Provision of adequate parking space in the upcoming residential industrial and
commercial projects in the area.
Quality of roads to be improved to improve the traffic movement.
Road side plantation should be done to improve the air quality.
Display of air quality status at the corporation offi ce and main traffic signals.
Widening of the road s, wherever possible, to cope up with increasing no. of
vehicles in the area.
Create no honking zones near hospitals, schools etc. in accordance with the Noise
Pollution contr ol Rules.
Provision of in centives to the public vehicles to convert to CNG so that air quality
is protected. Proper tra ffic management shall be done in coordination with RTO
and local police to avoid traffic jams.
Solid Waste Disposa l Regular monitoring of working of integrated solid waste management site at Uttan.
Proper means of collecti on and transportation of solid wa ste (viz. provision of
compacters and closed tru cks for transporting the MSW to the site) to avoid the
littering of solid waste on the roads and smell nuisance control during
transportati on.
Rain Water Harvesting Conservation of Rain water through Rain water Harvesting system. Recharging of
System ground water table through Rain Water harvesting system. Harvested rain water
can be used for Secondary purposed and also in gardening.
Storage tanks can be good opti on to conserve rain water in residential and
commercial complexes as well in industries.
Solar Energy Use of non conventional energy to reduce load on electricity department.
Harvesting System Use of Solar panels for Street lighting in Housing and commercial complexes.
Use of Solar panels for Street lights and taffic lights.
Green Buffer Zone Development of Grren buffer zone in Industrial areas as well as in residential area.
Development of Traffic islands to reduce pollution on traffic signals.
Development of Green Belt for every infrastructure project to be made compulsory.
Conservation and maintanence of mongroove forests in corporation area.
Developments of Nurseries anad gardens to increase diversity of the area.

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 85

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Environment Status Report 2008-2009 MBMC

Uploaded by

Environment Status Report 2008-2009 MBMC

Uploaded by

Mira Bhayander Municipal Corporation.

Environmental Status Report 2008-2009

Mira-Bhayander area is situated at the northern threshold of Brihan Mumbai Metropolis

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 1

Figure no. 1.1 Location Map

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 2

Table no. 1.1 Climatic Condition

Sr. Season Max. temp Min.

Table no. 1.2 : Distribution of Population

Sr. No. Particulars Study Area

1.5.2 Literacy Level

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 3

Table no. 1.3 : Literacy Level

Sr. No. Particulars Oservation

1.6 LAND USE PATT ERN

Table no. 1.4: Land use details of study area

SR. NO. LAND USE AREA (HECTARES)

Open spac es (Playgrounds &

Barren land & Salt pans

Forest and Mount ain Area

Water Logged A rea

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 4

Figure no. 1.3 Salt pans at Morva gaon

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 5

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 6

2.2 WATER QUALITY

Table no. 2.1: Municipal Water Sampling sites / Locations

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 7

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 8

Yearly Average Analysis Results Of Municipal Water Samples

1300 ppm TSS

400 ppm NH3

100 ppm Inorg PO4

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 9

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Yearly Average Analysis of Municipal Water Samples

1400 ppm TSS

900 ppm BOD

400 ppm NH3

100 ppm Inorg PO4

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 11

2.2.2 Borewell Water Samples

Table no. 2.3: Borewell water sampling sites / locations

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 12

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 13

Average Yearly Analysis of Borewell Water Samples pH

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 14

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 15

Yearly Average Analysis of Borewell Water Samples pH

1400 ppm TDS

600 ppm Nitrate

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 16

2.2.3 Ground Water Samples

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 17

Table no. 2.5 : Ground water sampling sites / locations

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 18

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 19

Yearly Average Analysis of Ground Water Samples pH

1500 ppm TSS

1100 ppm BOD

600 ppm Nitrate

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 20

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 21

Yearly Average Analysis Results of Ground Water Samples

1100 ppm BOD

500 ppm Ing PO4

400 ppm Total PO4

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 22

2.2.4 River Water Samples

Table no. 2.7 : River water sampling sites / locations

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 23

Enviro Analysts & Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 24

Yearly Average Analysis of River Water Samples pH

1500 ppm TSS

1100 ppm BOD

700 ppm NH3