Foundation of Cloud IoT Edge ML
MCQ 1: In edge computing, how is resource allocation typically managed?
a) Centralized allocation from a single server
b) Random allocation based on user demand
c) Distributed allocation across edge devices
d) Manual allocation by administrators
Correct answer: c) Distributed allocation across edge devices
MCQ 2: What is the primary advantage of distributed resource allocation in edge
computing?
a) Increased latency
b) Reduced bandwidth consumption
c) Higher dependency on centralized servers
d) Limited scalability
Correct answer: b) Reduced bandwidth consumption
MCQ 1: In the context of edge cloud systems, what does optimization typically refer to?
a) Maximizing energy consumption
b) Minimizing latency and improving performance
c) Increasing server downtime
d) Expanding data storage capacity
Correct answer: b) Minimizing latency and improving performance
MCQ 2: Which of the following best describes the goal of optimization in edge cloud
systems?
a) Increasing server complexity
b) Maximizing network congestion
c) Enhancing resource utilization and efficiency
d) Decreasing data security measures
Correct answer: c) Enhancing resource utilization and efficiency
MCQ 1: What does a collaborative cloud-edge environment primarily aim to achieve?
a) Isolation of resources between cloud and edge devices
b) Centralized control over edge devices
c) Cooperation and resource sharing between cloud and edge components
d) Strict hierarchical organization of computing resources
Correct answer: c) Cooperation and resource sharing between cloud and edge
components
What defines an "Industry 4.0" environment?
a) Integration of physical and digital technologies in manufacturing and
production processes
b) Strict adherence to traditional manufacturing methods
c) Reliance solely on manual labor for production tasks
d) Minimal use of automation and data analytics
Correct answer: a) Integration of physical and digital technologies in
manufacturing and production processes
MCQ 2: What is a key characteristic of the Industry 4.0 environment?
a) Limited connectivity between machines and systems
b) Dependence on standalone manufacturing processes
c) Emphasis on manual data collection and analysis
d) Interconnectedness and real-time data exchange between devices and
systems
Correct answer: d) Interconnectedness and real-time data exchange between
devices and systems
MCQ 1: Which of the following is NOT a typical component of cloud services?
a) Virtualization
b) Load balancer
c) Firewall
d) Mainframe
Correct answer: d) Mainframe
MCQ 2: Which component of cloud services is responsible for distributing incoming
network traffic across multiple servers?
a) Database
b) Load balancer
c) Virtual machine
d) API gateway
Correct answer: b) Load balancer
MCQ 1: What distinguishes a private cloud from a public cloud?
a) Private cloud offers services to the general public, while public cloud is exclusive to
organizations.
b) Public cloud is hosted on-premises, while private cloud is hosted off-premises.
c) Private cloud is managed and used exclusively by a single organization, while public
cloud is shared among multiple organizations.
d) Public cloud provides dedicated resources, while private cloud shares resources
with other organizations.
Correct answer: c) Private cloud is managed and used exclusively by a single
organization, while public cloud is shared among multiple organizations.
MCQ 2: Which of the following statements best describes the accessibility of a public
cloud versus a private cloud?
a) Public cloud is accessible via the internet to anyone, while private cloud is accessible
only through a dedicated network.
b) Private cloud is accessible via the internet to anyone, while public cloud is
accessible only through a dedicated network.
c) Both public and private clouds are accessible only through a dedicated network.
d) Both public and private clouds are accessible via the internet to anyone.
Correct answer: a) Public cloud is accessible via the internet to anyone, while private
cloud is accessible only through a dedicated network.
MCQ 1: In edge computing, what are "edge nodes" primarily known for?
a) Processing data in centralized data centers
b) Hosting cloud-based applications
c) Providing computing resources closer to end-users
d) Storing large datasets in distributed locations
Correct answer: c) Providing computing resources closer to end-users
MCQ 2: What is the main advantage of utilizing edge nodes for computing resources?
a) Increased latency
b) Reduced network congestion
c) Higher dependence on centralized servers
d) Limited scalability
Correct answer: b) Reduced network congestion
MCQ 2: What does "multi-edge node conditions" typically involve?
a) Deploying a single edge node across multiple geographical locations
b) Utilizing multiple edge nodes to process data in a distributed manner
c) Having redundant edge nodes in a single location for failover purposes
d) Implementing edge computing with different operating systems on each node
Correct answer: b) Utilizing multiple edge nodes to process data in a distributed
manner
MCQ 1: Which pricing mode for resource allocation in cloud services charges users
based on their actual usage?
a) Fixed pricing
b) Subscription pricing
c) Pay-as-you-go pricing
d) Tiered pricing
Correct answer: c) Pay-as-you-go pricing
MCQ 2: What pricing mode for resource allocation in cloud services involves paying a
set amount for a predetermined level of resources over a specific time period?
a) Variable pricing
b) Spot pricing
c) Subscription pricing
d) Pay-per-use pricing
Correct answer: c) Subscription pricing
MCQ 1: Which pricing model is prevalent across most cloud vendors, offering three
different price modes?
a) On-demand instances
b) Reserved instances
c) Spot instances
d) All of the above
Correct answer: d) All of the above
MCQ 2: Which pricing mode in cloud services allows users to rent computing
resources with no long-term commitments and pay only for what they use?
a) On-demand instances
b) Reserved instances
c) Spot instances
d) None of the above
Correct answer: a) On-demand instances
MCQ 1: In the context of scaling up edge computing resources, what role does the
"Cloud node" typically play?
a) It serves as a mediator between edge nodes and public cloud providers.
b) It provides virtual machines to edge nodes for scaling up resources.
c) It acts as a gateway for communication between edge nodes and private cloud
resources.
d) It manages edge node operations independently of cloud resources.
Correct answer: b) It provides virtual machines to edge nodes for scaling up resources.
MCQ 2: What distinguishes the "private cloud" in this scenario from other types of
cloud deployments?
a) It is accessible to multiple organizations.
b) It is hosted on-premises.
c) It is accessible via the public internet.
d) It is managed by a third-party cloud provider.
Correct answer: b) It is hosted on-premises.
MCQ 1: How is time typically managed in the Cloud-Edge environment
described?
a) Time is continuous and unsegmented.
b) Time is discretized into time slots.
c) Time is synchronized with external clocks.
d) Time is managed by the edge node exclusively.
Correct answer: b) Time is discretized into time slots.
MCQ 2: In the context of computing tasks in the described environment, what
is the significance of discretizing time into slots?
a) It ensures continuous processing without interruption.
b) It allows for better synchronization between edge and cloud nodes.
c) It facilitates calculation of computing costs and task scheduling.
d) It simplifies user settings management.
Correct answer: c) It facilitates calculation of computing costs and task
scheduling.
MCQ 1: How is user demand defined in the described Cloud-Edge
environment?
a) It is defined as the total number of virtual machines requested over all time
slots.
b) It is defined as the average duration for which virtual machines are
requested.
c) It is defined as a pair consisting of the number of virtual machines
requested and their duration.
d) It is defined as the maximum duration for which virtual machines are
requested in a single time slot.
Correct answer: c) It is defined as a pair consisting of the number of virtual
machines requested and their duration.
MCQ 2: What does the term "lt" represent in the user demand equation?
a) The total number of virtual machines requested.
b) The average duration for which virtual machines are required.
c) The duration for which a particular virtual machine is required.
d) The maximum number of time slots in which virtual machines are
requested.
Correct answer: c) The duration for which a particular virtual machine is
required.
MCQ 1: How is user demand defined in the described Cloud-Edge
environment?
a) It is defined as the total number of virtual machines requested over all
time slots.
b) It is defined as the average duration for which virtual machines are
requested.
c) It is defined as a pair consisting of the number of virtual machines
requested and their duration.
d) It is defined as the maximum duration for which virtual machines are
requested in a single time slot.
Correct answer: c) It is defined as a pair consisting of the number of virtual
machines requested and their duration.
MCQ 1: How is the number of virtual machines provided by the edge node
calculated in the described scenario?
a) It is calculated as the total demand minus the resources met by the cloud.
b) It is calculated as the total demand multiplied by the number of available
virtual machines.
c) It is calculated as the difference between the total demand and the
available virtual machines.
d) It is calculated as the total demand divided by the number of available
virtual machines.
Correct answer: a) It is calculated as the total demand minus the resources
met by the cloud.
MCQ 2: Under what condition does the equation for calculating the number
of virtual machines provided by the edge node hold true?
a) When the number of available virtual machines is zero.
b) When the number of available virtual machines is greater than zero.
c) When the total demand is zero.
d) When the total demand is greater than zero.
Correct answer: b) When the number of available virtual machines is greater
than zero.
MCQ 1: How is the number of remaining virtual machines at the edge node calculated
for the next time slot (T+1) in the described scenario?
a) It is calculated by subtracting the demand met by the edge node at time T from the
number of virtual machines at the beginning of time slot T and adding the number of
VMs waiting to be released at time slot t
b) It is calculated by adding the demand met by the edge node at time T to the number
of virtual machines at the beginning of time slot T.
c) It is calculated by subtracting the demand met by the cloud from the number of
virtual machines at the edge node at time T.
d) It is calculated by adding the demand met by the cloud to the number of virtual
machines at the edge node at time T.
Correct answer: a) It is calculated by subtracting the demand met by the edge node at
time T from the number of virtual machines at the beginning of time slot T and adding
the number of VMs waiting to be released at time slot t
MCQ 2: How is the cost of the edge node at a given time (T) typically calculated in the
described scenario?
a) It is calculated as the sum of standby cost and computing cost.
b) It is calculated as the difference between standby cost and computing cost.
c) It is calculated as the product of standby cost and computing cost.
d) It is calculated as the quotient of standby cost divided by computing cost.
Correct answer: a) It is calculated as the sum of standby cost and computing cost.
MCQ 1: In the cost function for the public cloud services, what does "X1"
parameter correspond to ?
a) Cost of on-demand instances
b) Cost of reserved instances
c) Cost of spot instances
d) Cost of standby instances
Correct answer: a) Cost of on-demand instances
MCQ 2: What does "X2" parameter correspond to in the cost function for
public cloud services?
a) Cost of on-demand instances
b) Cost of reserved instances
c) Cost of spot instances
d) Cost of standby instances
Correct answer: b) Cost of reserved instances
MCQ 1: In the Markov decision process (MDP) formulation for resource
allocation, what does "s" represent?
a) Finite set of states
b) Finite set of actions
c) Probability of state transition
d) Immediate reward
Correct answer: a) Finite set of states
MCQ 2: How are the states defined in the MDP formulation for resource
allocation?
a) States represent the number of actions taken in each time slot.
b) States represent the probability of transitioning between different actions.
c) States represent the state of the edge node at the beginning of each time
slot, including the number of remaining virtual machines, returned virtual
machines, user demand, and unit cost of virtual machines.
d) States represent the immediate rewards gained from each action taken.
Correct answer: c) States represent the state of the edge node at the
beginning of each time slot, including the number of remaining virtual
machines, returned virtual machines, user demand, and unit cost of virtual
machines.
MCQ 1: In the Markov decision process, what does "Xe" represent?
a) The total number of virtual machines provided by the edge node.
b) The ratio of virtual machines provided by the edge node to the total
number of virtual machines.
c) The ratio of virtual machines provided by the cloud node to the total
number of virtual machines.
d) The unit cost of virtual machines provided by the edge node.
Correct answer: b) The ratio of virtual machines provided by the edge node
to the total number of virtual machines.
MCQ 2: What does "XK" represent in the Markov decision process?
a) The total number of virtual machines provided by the cloud node.
b) The ratio of virtual machines provided by the edge node to the total
number of virtual machines.
c) The ratio of virtual machines provided by the cloud node to the total
number of virtual machines.
d) The unit cost of virtual machines provided by the cloud node.
Correct answer: c) The ratio of virtual machines provided by the cloud node
to the total number of virtual machines.
MCQ 1: How is the reward function represented in the Markov decision
process formulation?
a) The reward function is represented as the total cost incurred by the private
cloud.
b) The reward function is represented as the difference between the private
cloud cost and the edge node cost.
c) The reward function is represented as the negative of the private cloud
cost.
d) The reward function is represented as the total number of virtual
machines provided by the private cloud.
Correct answer: c) The reward function is represented as the negative of the
private cloud cost.
MCQ 1: In a cloud environment, what decision problem arises when
considering different types of offerings from a public cloud?
a) Continuous decision problem
b) Parameterized decision problem
c) Reinforcement learning problem
d) Supervised learning problem
Correct answer: b) Parameterized decision problem
MCQ 2: What role does the parameterized action space play in the context of
resource allocation in a cloud environment?
a) It allows for continuous actions to be taken in the environment.
b) It facilitates decision-making based on different types of public cloud
offerings.
c) It restricts actions to discrete choices in the environment.
d) It determines the number of users accessing the cloud services.
Correct answer: b) It facilitates decision-making based on different types of
public cloud offerings.
MCQ 5: How does the PDQN algorithm differ from DDPG in resource
allocation?
a) PDQN focuses on continuous action spaces, while DDPG handles discrete
action spaces.
b) PDQN incorporates parameterized actions, while DDPG does not.
c) PDQN uses Q-learning, while DDPG uses policy gradient methods.
d) PDQN is designed specifically for private cloud environments, while DDPG
is for public clouds.
Correct answer: b) PDQN incorporates parameterized actions, while DDPG
does not.
MCQ 10: Which algorithm is used for resource allocation when considering a
collaborative cloud-edge environment with a public cloud?
a) K-means clustering
b) Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG)
c) Random forest d) Parameterized Deep Q-Network (PDQN)
Correct answer:
d) Parameterized Deep Q-Network (PDQN)
