Node.
js Notes
🔹 I. Introduction to Node.js
1. What is Node.js?
Definition & Purpose
Node.js vs Browser JavaScript
Why use Node.js? (Non-blocking I/O, Event-driven)
Use Cases: APIs, Microservices, Real-time apps
2. How Node.js Works
Single-threaded Event Loop
Call Stack, Callback Queue, Event Loop Phases
Non-blocking I/O with Libuv
V8 Engine
🔹 II. Setting Up
3. Environment Setup
Installing Node.js & npm
Version Management (nvm)
Creating first Node.js file
REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop)
🔹 III. Core Modules
4. Node.js Core Modules
fs (File System)
http & https
path
url
os
events
stream
crypto
buffer
zlib
dns
child_process
timers
assert
util
🔹 IV. Modules and Package Management
5. Modules
CommonJS vs ES Modules
require and import
Exports & Imports
Module Caching
Third-party modules
6. npm (Node Package Manager)
package.json and package-lock.json
Installing, updating, uninstalling packages
Global vs Local packages
Semantic Versioning
Creating and publishing your own packages
🔹 V. File System (fs) Module
7. Working with Files
Reading & Writing Files (Sync & Async)
Creating, Renaming, Deleting Files
Directories
Streams with FS
File Descriptors
Buffer Basics
🔹 VI. Events and EventEmitter
8. Events
EventEmitter class
on, emit, once, off
Custom Events
Inheriting EventEmitter
🔹 VII. Streams
9. Working with Streams
Types of Streams: Readable, Writable, Duplex, Transform
Piping streams
Stream vs Buffer
Backpressure
Real-time use cases (video/audio streaming)
🔹 VIII. HTTP Server & Networking
10. Building Servers
Creating HTTP/HTTPS Server
Routing basics
Handling requests & responses
MIME types
Status codes
Custom headers
Parsing POST data
11. Advanced HTTP
Redirects
Compression (gzip)
Security headers
Cookie handling
Streaming large responses
🔹 IX. Asynchronous Programming in Node
12. Asynchronous Patterns
Callbacks
Promises
Async/Await
Error Handling
Callback Hell
Event Loop Deep Dive
🔹 X. Express.js (Node Framework)
13. Express Basics
Setting up server
Routing
Middleware
Request/Response Objects
14. Advanced Express
Error Handling
Logging
Static files
Templating engines (EJS, Pug)
RESTful API Design
CRUD Operations
🔹 XI. Working with Databases
15. Database Integration
MongoDB with Mongoose
MySQL / PostgreSQL with mysql2, pg
SQLite
Connecting & Querying
ORMs (Sequelize, Prisma)
🔹 XII. Authentication and Security
16. User Authentication
Sessions vs JWT
Passport.js
OAuth Basics
Securing Routes
17. Security Practices
HTTPS & SSL
Helmet.js
Input Validation & Sanitization
CORS
Rate Limiting
Preventing XSS, CSRF, SQL Injection
🔹 XIII. API Development & Best Practices
18. REST API Design
Status codes
Pagination
Filtering, Sorting
API Versioning
Throttling
19. GraphQL with Node.js
Setting up Apollo Server
Queries & Mutations
Resolvers
🔹 XIV. Testing in Node.js
20. Testing Frameworks
Mocha
Chai
Jest
Supertest (for HTTP endpoints)
Sinon (mocks, spies, stubs)
21. Testing Concepts
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
E2E Testing
Code Coverage
🔹 XV. Deployment & DevOps
22. Environment Management
.env files
dotenv package
Config per environment (dev, prod)
23. Process Management
pm2
Logs & Monitoring
Clustering & Load Balancing
24. Deployment Options
Cloud Providers: Vercel, Render, DigitalOcean, Heroku, AWS EC2
Docker with Node
CI/CD Basics
🔹 XVI. Node.js Architecture & Internals
25. Behind the Scenes
Call Stack
Callback Queue & Task Queue
Microtasks vs Macrotasks
Libuv internals
C++ bindings
Garbage Collection
🔹 XVII. Advanced Node.js
26. Performance Optimization
Memory leaks
Profiling & Debugging
V8 optimizations
process.memoryUsage()
Caching
27. Workers & Threads
Worker Threads API
Use cases vs clustering
28. Native Add-ons
Writing Node modules in C++
🔹 XVIII. Node.js Ecosystem
29. Popular Tools & Libraries
Nodemon
Winston (logging)
Morgan (HTTP logging)
Joi / Zod (validation)
Multer (file uploads)
Bcrypt / Argon2 (hashing)
🔹 XIX. Theoretical Knowledge
30. Software Architecture in Node
MVC Pattern
Clean Architecture
Monolith vs Microservices
REST vs GraphQL
API Gateway concepts
31. Scalability
Load balancing
Statelessness
Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling
Rate Limiting & Throttling