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Half Power Bandwidth Method

The document outlines the half power bandwidth method for estimating the damping ratio in single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures using specific apparatus. It explains the theory behind half power bandwidth, including its definition and derivation, and provides a detailed experimental procedure for conducting the method. The key equation derived indicates that the damping ratio can be calculated from the difference in frequency points where the response is half power.

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Hari Rockzz
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105 views4 pages

Half Power Bandwidth Method

The document outlines the half power bandwidth method for estimating the damping ratio in single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures using specific apparatus. It explains the theory behind half power bandwidth, including its definition and derivation, and provides a detailed experimental procedure for conducting the method. The key equation derived indicates that the damping ratio can be calculated from the difference in frequency points where the response is half power.

Uploaded by

Hari Rockzz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HALF POWER BANDWIDTH METHOD

AIM:
To estimate the damping ratio in single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures by using half power
bandwidth method.

APPARATUS:
1 contact exciter, 1 accelerometer, 1 simply supported beam, 1 instrument (with 1 channel working as
charge amplifier) and 1 computer.

THEORY:
What is half power bandwidth?

The half power bandwidth is the difference between the upper frequency where the response is 3 dB
down from maximum and the lower frequency where response is 3 dB down.

Why -3dB?

In terms of power a 3 dB reduction in level represents half the power. So, it’s easy to see why this is
referred to as the half-power bandwidth.

Derivation:

Consider a single degree of freedom system structure excited by a harmonic force. It’s non
dimensional frequency response transfer function x(𝜔) has the form
1
X (𝜔) = 𝜔 2 𝜔 …………. (1)
1−( ) +2𝜁( )𝑖
𝜔𝑛 𝜔𝑛

where 𝜔𝑛 = Natural frequency

ζ = Damping ratio

i = √−1
1
𝑋𝑟 (𝜔) =
2𝜁√(1−𝜁2 )

For small values of ζ,


𝜔
𝜔𝑟 = 𝜔𝑛 i.e =1
𝜔𝑛
X (𝜔) = 1⁄2𝜁

To calculate ζ value, the usual consideration made is that of finding two frequency points 𝜔1 , 𝜔2
on either side of the 𝑋𝑛 (𝜔).

1 1 1
|X(𝜔1 )| = |𝑋(𝜔2 )| = ( ) |𝑋(𝜔)| = ( )(2𝜁 ) ……. (2)
√2 √2

These points are called half-power frequency points and their bandwidth is termed the half power
bandwidth.

1
By considering the modulus of X (𝜔) from equation 2 to be equal to (1/√2) (2𝜁 ).

Then,
𝜔 4
( ) – 2(1-2𝜁 2 )(𝜔⁄𝜔𝑛 )2 + (1 − 8𝜁 2 ) = 0
𝜔𝑛

By solving this equation finally, we get,

(𝝎𝟐 − 𝝎𝟏 )/𝝎𝒏 = 2ζ
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1) Connect sensors, instruments and all other experimental apparatus based on the diagram.
2) Adjust the frequency of the programmable signal source to the first order natural frequency
of the beam.
3) Gradually increase the output current of the power amplifier to about 100mA.
4) Collect and display the signal from the accelerometer.
5) The software can calculate the spectrum of the signal and display its frequency-amplitude
curve automatically. The damping ratio can be calculated by half-power bandwidth method.

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