ĐỀ THI HSG 9 HÀ NỘI 2024-2025

LISTENING
Part 1. You will hear part of a radio report on a travel show about guidebooks by a travel writer called Tim
Cole. For questions 1-5, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Travel guidebooks
Tim complains about ending up at a(n) (1) ______________________ thanks to misinformation in a guidebook.
Tim recommends checking the (2) ______________________ of a guidebook before buying it.
Tim believes that it is when making (3) ______________________ that guidebooks can be the most unreliable.
Tim dislikes guidebooks which contain a lot of photographs because he thinks they aren’t useful.
Tim says he has (4) ______________________ problems with digital travel guides.
Until digital guidebooks can be individually (5) ____________________, Tim prefers to use a hard copy.

Part 2. You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their jobs in television.

TASK ONE TASK TWO

For questions 6-10, choose from the list (A-H) For questions 11-15, choose from the list (A-H) what
each speaker’s job. each speaker says they find difficult about their job.
While you listen you must complete both tasks.
A. make-up artist 6. Speaker 1 _____ A. having to upset people 11. Speaker 1 _____
B. producer 7. Speaker 2 _____ B. incorporating last-minute 12. Speaker 2 _____
C. actor 8. Speaker 3 _____ changes 13. Speaker 3 _____
D. researcher 9. Speaker 4 _____ C. not getting enough variety 14. Speaker 4 _____
E. sports presenter 10. Speaker 5 ____ D. listening to people’s 15. Speaker 5 _____
F. lightning engineer problems
G. sound technician E. being told what to do
H. costume designer F. keeping up to date
G. not getting enough
recognition
H. working in uncomfortable
conditions
VOCABULARY - GRAMMAR
Part 1. Circle the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1. The special effects were quite good, but that’s more than could be ________ for the acting.
A. mentioned B. spoken C. said D. told
2. We do not have a secretary ________, but we do have a student who comes in to do a bit of filing.
A. as suchtheo đúng nghĩa B. the least bit C. whatsoever D. little more
3. Owning and living in a freestanding house is still a goal of young adults, ________ earlier generations.
A. as did B. as it was of it => goal C. like that of D. so have
4. ________, the diners settled the bill and left the restaurant.
A. Having hunger satisfied Having (had) B. Their hunger satisfied => Participle clause (bị động)
their hunger satisfied,
C. Hunger been satisfied D. Satisfying their hunger Having satisfied their hunger,... (past)
5. ________ good reviews, the producers would commission a 10-part series. => Conditional Type 2
A. Were the pilot show to get B. If the pilot show will get
C. Unless the pilot show will get D. In case the pilot show would get

Part 2. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word or phrase in the following question. on the level (idiom): thành thật
1. He’s lied to you before, but I really think he’s on the level this time.
A. truthful B. deceptive C. cheating D. wary
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word or
phrase in the following question.
pilot (noun): chương trình/bản phim thử nghiệm
I don't care the least bit. (Tôi không hề quan tâm 1 chút nào)
There is no evidence whatsoever (Không hề có 1 bằng chứng nào cả)
 impressionable (adj): dễ bị ảnh hưởng

remember dễ bị ảnh hưởng/dụ

2. You should bear in mind that children of tender years are notoriously susceptible.
A. diligent B. arrogant C. gullible D. unimpressionable
dễ bị gạt
Part 3. Give the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the passage. insofar as: to the degree that
THE ART OF SUSHI revere (v): tôn trọng
Sushi is one of the most iconic foods of modern cuisine, revered in all corners of the globe, but becoming a sushi
chef is no mean feat. Expectations are high insofar as they must produce (1. consist) ______________ consistently high-
quality dishes, and a perfectionist is somewhat of a prerequisite. liên tục (adv)
These delicate morsels of rice and fish (2. example) ______________
exemplify the meticulous attention to detail required
of sushi chefs and this is reflected in their training. It may take trainees up to two years to learn how to prepare
flawless rice. Any (3. calculate) ______________
miscalculation(s) in the balance of rice and vinegar could render it unpalatable.
Once this has been mastered, chefs focus on the composition of the other ingredients to ensure the ideal balance
of flavour and texture. It is this combination that makes sushi so (4. resist) ______________.
irresistible
Rising to the status of master sushi chef is akin to becoming an artist. Their skills must be (5. except)
______________
exceptional but additionally, they should bring a creative flair to their work to be categorised as master (6.
render sth/sb adj = make sb/sth adj
practice) ______________
practitioners of their art. exemplify (v): minh hoạ cho unpalatable (adj): khó ăn, khó thưởng thức
flawless (adj): hoàn hảo, không có lỗi
prerequisite (noun): điều kiện tiên quyết irresistible (adj): không thể cưỡng lại được
Part 4. Complete each sentence using a verb from A in the correct form and a particle from B. You use each
verb and particle ONCE ONLY exceptional (adj): tuyệt vời, xuất chúng akin to (phr): giống với
practitioner (noun): người thực hành, thực hiện (chuyên môn)
A B
set chance taper put wheel forward out up upon off
1. They _______________
wheeled out the same old excuses last time this happened. wheel out (phr.V): lôi ra, nhắc lại thường xuyên (cớ cũ)
2. While cleaning the attic yesterday, he _______________
chanced upon an old family photo album. chance upon (phr.V): vô tình bắt gặp
3. After my symptoms disappeared, the doctor _______________ tapered off the medication. taper off (phr.V): giảm bớt
4. I don’t remember exactly when my parents _______________ set up this workshop. set up (phr.V): triển khai, tổ chức
5. I have _______________
put forward a new idea to improve teamwork during our weekly meeting. put forward (phr.V): đề xuất
Part 5. Fill in each numbered blank with ONE word which can be used appropriately in all THREE sentences.
1. ________
cool
sự đón tiếp lạnh nhạt cool, calm, and collected (idiom): bình tĩnh
- Andy got rather a ________cool reception when he told his friends that he’d forgotten to book tickets for the concert.
- If somebody annoys you, try to keep ________ cool and avoiding showing your feelings too much. => giữ bình tĩnh
- Once the hot liquid is ________ cool enough to drink, it can be transferred to individual cups.
2. ________
lift => nâng cao tinh thần
- There’s nothing better than an early morning swim to ________ lift your spirits and set you up for the day.
- Pressure from local shopkeepers has led the council to ________ lift the ban on parking in the High Street. => gỡ bỏ lệnh cấm
- Sam was told not to ________lift the lid of the saucepan while the meat was cooking.
lift the lid on sth (idiom): tiết lộ bí mật về điều gì đó
3. ________
broke => nhấc nắp lên

- It was Peter who ________

broke the bad news about the team’s defeat to the fans back home.
- Sally and Eddie ________
break off their engagement three times before they eventually got married.
- When he was a student, Harry actually ________ break the college long-jump record on one occasion.
4. ________
touch
- In his speech, he was able to ________ touch on a few aspects of the problems.
- I’m sure the concert will ________ touch a lot of hearts and evoke good memories.
- He used to be a good writer, but I think he’s losing his ________. touch
5. ________
positive
=> dấu hiệu tích cực
- The fact that both sides have agreed to take part in the talk is a ________ positive sign.
- The athlete tested ________
positive for steroids. positive (adj): dương tính (thuốc, bệnh, chất,...)
- The fingerprints are ________ proof that the bank robber drove the car. positive proof (collocation): bằng chứng xác thực
break the news (col): tiết lộ tin tức touch on (phr.V): nhắc đến sơ qua
break off one's engagement (col): huỷ đính hôn touch a lot of hearts: lay động nhiều trái tim
break the record (idiom): phá kỉ lục => record-breaking (adj) lose one's touch (idiom): lụt nghề
Part 6. In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect
or does not fit in with the sense of the text. For each numbered line, find the unnecessary word and then write
it in the provided space. Some lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick (✔) in the provided space. The
exercise begins with an example (0). code of behavior (phr): quy tắc ứng xử
perceive/see sth/sb as: xem sth/sb như thế nào đó

The “Credit Card School”

Enforcing rules is a problem in many educational institutions, as students often perceive 0. ✔
them as dull and negative in tone. One school claims to have it a solution, however. 1. ________
it

Primary school pupils at the village of Steeple Morden have been given credit-card 2. ________
sized copies of the school’s new code of behaviour. They are encouraged to carry with 3. ________
with
them at all times. Pupils have to follow nine basic rules ranging from “Don’t run in the 4. ________
corridor” to “Work hard”. They cover essential social skills which there need to be learnt 5. ________
there

at an early age, but they also enable the school to point to something if the children do 6. ________
something is wrong. The rules were agreed in consultation with the children, who 7. ________
is
therefore understand exactly what they mean. The idea which appeals to the children, 8. ________
which

who love the responsibility of keeping the cards and see that the whole idea as very 9. ________
that
grown-up and business-like. Parents are encouraged to get so involved in talking to their 10. ________
so
children about the rules, and why they are needed. The system seems likely to take off 11. ________
and be adopted by other schools as a more friendly or way of presenting school rules. 12. ________
or

take off (phr.V): thành công // cất cánh do something wrong = do something THAT IS wrong
READING (reduced relative clause)

Part 1. Read the text and fill in each numbered blank with ONE word which best fits each gap.
Altering the modern mind
A recently published book claims that the amount of time we spend on the Internet is changing the very
structure of our brains. Its thesis is simple enough: not (1) ____________
only that the modern world’s relentless
informational overload is killing our capacity for reflection, contemplation, and patience, but that our online habits
are also altering the way our brains are wired. not only...but also // not only...but...as well
In the book, the author looks back on such human inventions as the map and the clock and the (2)
____________
degree/extent to which they influenced our essential models of thought. He argues that the Internet’s multiplicity
of stimuli and mass of information have (3) ____________
given rise to hurried and distracted thinking. Without putting
too fine a point on it, the author concludes that our ability to learn anything at all worthwhile has become
superficial. Surprisingly very (4) ____________
little research has looked into the Internet’s effects on the brain, but
further research is (5) ____________
in hand and is investigating whether deep-thinking processes really are in
danger of disappearing. look back on: nhìn lại, xem lại multiplicity (noun): sự có nhiều,
sự đa dạng
to an extent // to a degree that: tới cái mức độ mà
give rise to (phr): đem tới, gây ra
Part 2. Read and choose the best option by circling A, B, C or D to complete the passage. in hand (idiom): tiến hành
Menu psychology
Have you ever struggled to make sense of a vast restaurant menu? You’re (6) _________ hungry, trying
to exchange pleasantries with friends and sipping a drink while your eyes (7) _________ about between the menu
options. Will your (8) _________ be to go for something familiar or something different? Will you (9) _________
up staring jealously at everyone else’s meals while forcing yourself to eat your own misguided selection, as so
often (10) _________ to be the case?
Why is it so hard to decide? We want choice, but menus (11) _________ in far more dishes than most
people want to have to choose from. A study suggests the optimum number of menu items is between six and ten
per (12) _________ (starters, main courses, and desserts) depending on the restaurant. Below this number, diners
feel there’s too little choice and above it, deciding becomes too much of a (13) _________.
end up doing sth (phr.V): thành thử ra đã làm gì đó
dart about (phr.V): lia mắt liên tục
 tactic (noun): chiến lược squeeze in (phr.V): dồn vào, ép vào
turn out to be sth (phr.V): rốt cuộc ra như vậy dilemma (noun): sự rối rắm, khó chọn lựa
So next time you eat out, choose the restaurant according to the number of items on the menu and the
dilemma of choice will be solved. (14) _________, there’s always the option of set menus or tapas-style sharing
plates; their popularity is (15) _________ the increase, probably for the reasons above.
6. A. utterly B. absolutely C. unbelievably D. unreservedly
on the increase (phr):
7. A. dart B. rush C. tear D. race tăng lên
8. A. trick B. tactic C. slant D. style
9. A. clear B. pull C. go D. end chore (noun): 1 điều/nhiệm vụ gây khó chịu
10. A. brings up B. shows up C. comes out D. turns out vì phải lặp đi lặp lại liên tục, rất chán
11. A. pile B. squeeze C. crowd D. press
12. A. set B. class C. kind D. category
13. A. chore B. duty C. task D. trouble
14. A. Cheerfully B. Gladly C. Happily D. Optimistically
15. A. on B. at C. in D. under

Part 3. You are going to read a newspaper article about extreme running. Six paragraphs have been removed
from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra paragraph
which you do not need to use.
Ultrarunning
Nine hours into the 100km South Coast ultramarathon, I was almost ready to quit. Absolutely every part of me
was in agony and, more than anything, I was desperate to submit to the pain and lie down by the side of the track
for a sleep.
1. ________
G
Eventually, though, I hit ‘the wall’, the famous pain barrier every long-distance runner encounters, and
miraculously I came out the other side feeling refreshed and suddenly full of incredible energy. This marvellous
feeling is still with me days later. Other runners I know have described it as like peeling off the layers of an onion
until you reach the clean, fresh centre.
2. ________
C
There are times, though, when this isn’t enough. At those moments when all I want is an end to the pain or when
I need to find a burst of speed from somewhere, I will resort to conjuring up something dark from my past, some
injustice I still feel, or some frustration that remains unresolved and use that anger to re-fuel me.
3. ________
F
It obviously worked as I passed a number of other runners in the last stages of exhaustion and was astounded to
find myself in third place in a fraction under 10 hours. As someone who regularly puts in 75km plus every week,
I’m pretty familiar with the ups and downs of running, so what is it that makes ultrarunning so much more intense?
4. ________
A
Some researchers have now settled on another substance, endocannabinoids, which is also generated during
physical exercise as the main candidate, but still others cite serotonin and dopamine.
5. ________
E
Personally, I too think most ultramarathon runners compete not for any physical sensation, but because they are
seeking a certain place in their heads, somewhere where all your problems disappear into the far distance and
where everything seems clear and nothing is impossible. The world suddenly seems a much more beautiful place
to be.
6. ________
D
I can see his point. Ultras put you outdoors in all weathers, doing something your body will rebel against and do
all it can to make you stop. If you somehow find the willpower to overcome these voices then you feel nothing
can stop you. There may be some degree of addiction involved, but it is an emotional addiction. It might not
sound like it, but the race was exciting. I don’t know why I felt so high after it, but I plan to recapture the feeling
as soon as I can.

Missing paragraphs:
A. It used to be credited to something called endorphins, a natural chemical produced by the body during exertion,
but new research appears to have ruled this out. Endorphins are apparently too large to pass through the brain.
B. The advice from those who know best is not to overdo it: start slowly and let yourself grow to love the
experience. As you build up your distances slowly, you’ll also learn to appreciate the outdoors more and more.
Soon, nothing can stop you.
C. The motivations for ultrarunning are very different for everyone who does it. I learned very early on that the
way for me to drive myself on was to keep some positive picture in my mind’s eye, something to encourage me
during the blackest moments, of which there are many.
D. Jan Corby, the man behind the South Coast Ultramarathon, seems to agree, saying that taking part in one is an
opportunity to learn something about yourself and your mental capabilities. “The moment you discover this is the
moment you feel free,” he says.
E. Barry Exington, a professor of sports science, claims science has no real idea what is responsible. He also
dismisses claims that ultrarunners are suffering from some form of addiction, although he believes the “hit” is
more pronounced in an ultrarunner. He claims the pain involved is usually so bad that it acts as a barrier to
becoming really hooked.
F. On this occasion, as I willed myself up the final hill at the end of the race and aimed myself in the direction of
the finishing line, I was running alongside my eight-year-old self - enjoying my Saturday afternoon jog around
the local park.
G. As far as ultramarathons are concerned, 100km is nothing special and the flat coastal plain I was struggling
along was certainly an easy alternative to some of the other races I could have entered - some ask runners to
navigate 100km of mountain paths - but it was still by far the furthest I’d ever attempted.

Part 4. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Why does music move us?
How is it that the combination of sound waves that we know as music can have such a moving effect, asks
Roger Highóeld.
In the most basic terms, sound is merely a pressure wave that ripples through air. So how does the combination
of sound waves that we know as music become, as Tolstoy put it, “the shorthand of emotion”? Or, to put it another
way, how can mechanical vibrations have such a moving effect?
The answer, according to Philip Ball, author of The Music Instinct, lies not in the notes themselves, but in our
brains. Recently, I hosted an event with him at the Royal Institution, at which he explained to a packed audience
why listening to much current pop music was as demanding as listening to Bach or Beethoven.
Whatever your favourite genre of music, your brain has to work hard to make sense of it. Its remarkable skill at
pattern detection will take the extraordinary harmonics-crammed richness of a note played on a piano or flute,
and magically collapse it in your head, so that it is perceived as a single note rather than a forest of overtones.
My companion explained that we are pattern seekers, and that music helps us to find patterns in sound. We come
equipped with all sorts of rules of thumb to make sense of what we hear. Those rules are the brain mechanisms
that we use to organise sound and make sense of music.
Medical scanners have shown that this process is not limited to one part of the brain. Different aspects of music
activate different areas. We use our temporal lobe to process melody and pitch, our hippocampus to recover
musical memories, and what we might call “rhythm-processing circuits” to fire up motor functions. Interestingly,
the brain gives out the same signal of confusion when it encounters sentences that do not make sense as it does
when the syntax of music sounds wrong and when chords do not complement one another. If you study the way
we react to patterns of notes, you find there is something special about a pitch that is double the frequency of
another; the interval better known as an octave.
The biggest question, however, is whether this kind of mental circuitry is designed specifically to handle music,
or if songs and tunes are just “auditory cheesecake”, as Harvard University’s Steven Pinker puts it. He claims that
sounds accidentally generate pleasure via neural systems. The ability to hear them in the first place evolved to
respond to other kinds of stimuli.
The disappointing truth might be that we simply do not know. We do know, however, that the way we learn to
appreciate music is profoundly affected by how we were raised. A few years ago, Philip Ball wrote about the fact
that music seems to have a national character, probably as a result of the rhythms and cadences of the different
language spoken in each case. The English tend to vary the pitch of their speech, and the length of their vowels,
more than the French, and their composers follow suit in the rhythms and intervals they use. On the latter measure,
Elgar is considered by some to be the most “English” of all composers, perhaps explaining why his music is so
frequently the background to important national pageants.
Similarly, concepts of what is harmonious boil down to a matter of convention, not acoustics. The older generation
struggle with modern music and complain that it is dissonant - full of horrible jarring notes that are difficult to
listen to. However, dissonance has always been in music. Beethoven and Chopin are full of it. It is all a matter of
convention. What we regard as consonant now was thought dissonant in the Middle Ages. The augmented fourth
was thought sinister back then, when it was dubbed “diabolus in musica”. We still find it slightly unsettling today,
which might explain why it is so popularly used in heavy metal.
Towards the end of my evening with Philip Ball, I asked whether music's effects on the brain can be harnessed
for good. It was a perfect set-up for him to examine the so-called “Mozart effect” - the belief that playing your
children classical music will make them brainier. He cited an experiment conducted in 1996, which concluded
that playing babies rock music had a more beneficial effect than did playing them Mozart. The essential factor
was not the music per se, but the fact that it put the children in bright spirits.
For Ball, the definition of the “music instinct” is that we are predisposed to make the world a musical place. Apart
from the tiny proportion of the population who really are tone-deaf, it is impossible to say: “I am not musical”,
even if it may seem that way whenever you get dragged along to participate in karaoke.
Complete each sentence with the correct ending A–I from the box below.
1. __________
C Hearing mechanical vibrations
2. __________ Listening to popular music
G
3. __________
A Recognising patterns
4. __________ Hearing music that we have previously heard
F
5. __________
I Listening to discordant music
6. __________ Hearing an octave
E

A. is innate and allows the brain to simplify complex musical combinations.

B. is an ability that most people do not possess.
C. can affect us at a surprisingly deep level.
D. activates our temporal lobe.
E. has a very particular effect on most listeners.
F. activates our hippocampus.
G. is more challenging than most people think.
H. depends on the genre of music you prefer listening to.
I. has the same effect as reading sentences that do not make sense.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
 FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
7. __________
FALSE Steven Pinker believes that humans’ ability to enjoy sounds was an important development.
8. __________
FALSE English and French musicians compose music that is similar in style.
9. __________
TRUE Elgar composed music that typified his country of origin.
10. __________
NOT GIVEN Older people tend to listen to classical rather than popular music.
11. __________
TRUE In heavy metal music, the effect of a particular note is recognised.
12. __________ Philip Ball stresses the benefits of children listening to classical music.
FALSE
13. __________
NOT GIVEN Karaoke tends to attract people who are not very musical.

WRITING
Part 1. Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a
meaningful text in each of the following questions.
1.
a. Your expertise in handling the meeting arrangements, booking the conference facilities and hotel, coordinating
travel, scheduling events, and organizing the meeting is greatly appreciated.
b. It’s tentatively scheduled for January 16th-20th, 2025, in Tampa, Florida.
c. If you can confirm your availability, I’ll contact you when we’re ready to start planning.
d. I appreciate your help and advice, and I am hoping we can plan on having your assistance with next year’s
event.
e. Thank you so much for your assistance in planning our annual meeting.
A. c-a-b-e-d B. b-a-d-e-c C. d-a-b-e-c D. e-a-d-b-c

2.
a. At first, I was terrified of scary scenes, then I became interested in the tense atmosphere that kept me on the
edge of my seat.
b. But last week, I took courage to watch “A Quiet Place” by John Krasinski.
c. I don’t usually watch horror movies because I’m frightened of jump scares.
d. Eventually, I realized that horror movies were not as frightening as I had thought, and that the story emphasized
the importance of communication and family unity in the face of danger.
e. In the movie, the characters must remain silent to avoid detection by deadly creatures that hunt by sound.
A. c-d-a-b-e B. e-b-d-a-c C. c-b-e-a-d D. c-b-d-e-a

Part 2. Read the informal notes about crime prevention and use the information from the notes to complete
the numbered gaps in the more formal leaflet. Then write the new words in the correct provided spaces. The
words you need do not occur in the informal note. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each gap. The
exercise begins with an example (0).

NOTES FOR LEAFLET

 Thanks for agreeing to write up our new leaflet. Here are the notes for you:
* Don’t keep your wallet in the back pocket of your trousers, where thieves can see it. Keep it in a jacket
pocket – better if it’s a pocket you can do up. do up = fasten
* If your credit card is stolen, tell the card company as soon as possible, (as well as contacting the police)
so that they can give you a new one. If => In the event that (Conditional) as well as = in addition to
* Don’t waste any time in letting them know it’s been stolen. letting them know => report
* The thief could buy things over the phone or on the Internet using your card number.
* Never carry your Personal Identification Number with you. Try to remember the number, and don’t tell
anyone – this includes friends. using your card number => made in your name
* Cut up your old cards when they run out. remember => memorize
* Never keep your cheque book and card together – a thief needs both to write a valid cheque.

CRIME PREVENTION LEAFLET

YOUR WALLET can see it => "visible"
A wallet kept in a back pocket is (0) visible to thieves, making you an easy target. Wallets should be kept
in a jacket pocket, (1) ___________________
preferably one that can be (2) ___________________
fastened in some way.
YOUR PLASTIC CARD better => preferably do up => fastened
as soon as possible
In the (3) ___________________
event of a theft, (4) ___________________
notify (=> tell) the card company immediately, (5)
___________________
in addition to to contacting the police. => a new one
You will be (6) ___________________
issued // provided with a replacement card. If you delay (7)___________________
reporting
the loss, it could result in a (8) ___________________
purcharse being made in your name.
Your Personal Identification Number should be (9) ___________________
memorized and should never be
(10)___________________ anyone, (11) ___________________ friends. Old cards should be cut up
disclosed to // shared with including
when the (12) ___________________
expiry date has passed. => run out (phr.V): giao kèo/văn bản hết hạn, hết hiệu lực
YOUR CHEQUE BOOK => Never keep...together
Your cheque book should always be kept (13) ___________________
separate from your card. Without the card, a
cheque is unlikely to be accepted.

Part 3: Write an academic essay of about 200-250 words on the following question.
Many teenagers struggle with procrastination, which can negatively impact their academic performance and
overall development. What are the main causes of procrastination among teenagers, and what solutions can be
implemented to address this issue?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.