10th Mathematics -Graphs

Notes
1.If all the terms of the quadratic equations are +ve , then it is enough to take 𝑥 values from
−3 to +3.If the equation starts with 2𝑥 2 , then also the same values
2.If the coefficient of 𝑥 is 0 or if the coefficient of 𝑥 is +ve and the constant term is −ve
then it is enough to take 𝑥values from −4 to +4 and omit those values not necessary to plot
3. If the coefficient of 𝑥 is −ve, then it is enough to take 𝑥 values from −4 to +4 and omit
those values not necessary to plot
1)Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0
𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑥 2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
+1𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
−12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12
+ 16 9 4 1 0 2 6 12 20
- -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -12 -12 -12 -12
𝑦 0 -6 -10 -12 -12 -10 -6 0 8
Point of intersection (-4>0) and (3>0) Sol: {−4,3} Nature of the solution: Real and Unequal
2) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 20 = 0
𝑥 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

𝑥2 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49

−9𝑥 9 0 -9 -18 -27 -36 -45 -54 -63

+20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
+ 30 20 21 24 29 36 45 56 69
− 0 0 -9 -18 -27 -36 -45 -54 -63

𝑦 30 20 12 6 2 0 0 2 6
Point of intersection (4>0) and (5>0) Sol: {4,5} Nature of the solution: Real and Unequal
3)Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2)  𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 6  𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6

𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑥2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
2𝑥 2 32 18 8 2 0 2 8 18 32
+1𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6
+ 32 18 8 2 0 3 10 21 36
- -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6
𝑦 22 9 0 -5 -6 -3 4 15 30
Point of intersection (-2>0) and (-1.5>0) Sol :−2,1.5
Nature of the solution: Real and Unequal
4) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0

𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

𝑥2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16

-9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9

𝑦 7 0 -5 -8 -9 -8 -5 0 7

Point of intersection (-3>0) and (3>0) Sol {−3,3}Nature of the solution: Real and Unequal

5) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = 0

𝑥 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑥2 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49
−8𝑥 8 0 -8 -16 -24 -32 -40 -48 -56
+16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
+ 25 16 17 20 25 32 41 52 65
- 0 0 -8 -16 -24 -32 -40 -48 -56
Y 25 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

Point of intersection (4>0) Sol {4} Nature of the solution: Real and Equal;

6) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0

𝑥 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

𝑥2 1 0 1 4 9 16 25

−4𝑥 4 0 -4 -8 -12 -16 -20

+4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
+ 9 4 5 8 13 20 29
- 0 0 -4 -8 -12 -16 -20
Y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

Point of intersection (2>0) Sol {2} Nature of the solution: Real and Equal
7) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0

𝑥 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑥2 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49
−6𝑥 6 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -42
+9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
+ 16 9 10 13 18 25 34 45 58
- 0 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -42
y 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16

Point of intersection (3>0) Sol{3} Nature of the solution: Real and Equal

8) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 = 0

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

+2𝑥 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
+5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
+ 14 9 6 5 8 13 20
- -6 -4 -2 0 0 0 0
y 8 5 4 5 8 13 20

Point of intersection Parabola does not intersect the X axis

Nature of the solution: No real roots
9) Disucuss the nature of the solution of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 7 = 0
𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

+1𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
+7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
+ 16 11 8 7 9 13 19
- -3 -2 -1 0 0 0 0
y 13 9 7 7 9 13 19

Point of intersection Parabola does not intersect the X axis

Nature of the solution: No real roots
10)Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 and hence solve 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0

𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

𝑥2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
+1𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2
+ 16 9 4 1 0 2 6 12 20
- -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2
y 10 4 0 -2 -2 0 4 10 18

Table 2
y= x2 + x − 2
(−) (−) (+)
0= x2 + x − 2
y= 0
Sol : {−2,1}

11) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 and use it to solve 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0

𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

𝑥2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16

+3𝑥 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12
-4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4
+ 16 9 4 1 0 4 10 18 28
- -16 -13 -10 -7 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4
y 0 -4 -6 -6 -4 0 6 14 24

Table 2
y= x 2 + 3x − 4
(−) (−) (+)
0= x 2 +3 x − 4
y= 0
Sol : {−4,1}
12) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 and hence solve 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14 = 0

𝑥 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑥2 4 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49
−5𝑥 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35
-6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6
+ 14 6 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49
- -6 -6 -6 -11 -16 -21 -26 -31 -36 -41
y 8 0 -6 -10 -12 -12 -10 -6 0 8

y= x2 − 5x − 6
(−) (+) (+)
0= x 2 −5 x −14
y= 8
Sol : {−2,7}

13) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 and hence solve 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 .

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

2𝑥 2 18 8 2 0 2 8 18

𝑦 18 8 2 0 2 8 18

y = 2x2
(+) (+)
0 = 2x2 − x − 6
y= x+6

x -1 0 1
1x -1 0 1
6 6 6 6
y 5 6 7

Sol : {−1.5,2}
14) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4 and hence solve 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0

𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

𝑥2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16

-4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4

𝑦 12 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5 12

Table 2
y= x 2 +0x − 4
(−) (+) (+)
0= x 2 − x − 12
y= x +8

x -1 0 1
+8 8 8 8
y 7 8 9
Sol : {−3,4}
15) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 and hence solve 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 = 0

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
2𝑥 2 18 8 2 0 2 8 18
−3𝑥 9 6 3 0 -3 -6 -9
-5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
+ 27 14 5 0 2 8 18
- -5 -5 -5 -5 -8 -11 -14
Y 22 9 0 -5 -6 -3 4
Table 2
y= 2x 2 − 3x − 5
(+) (+)
0= 2x 2 − 4x − 6
y= x +1
x -1 0 1
+1 1 1 1
y 0 1 2
Sol: {−1,3}
16) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) and hence solve 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)  𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 3  𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

𝑥 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑥2 16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
+2𝑥 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-3 -3-3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3
+ 16 9 4 1 0 3 8 15 24
- -11 -9 -7 -5 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3
y 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5 12 21
Table 2
y= x 2 +2x − 3
(−) (+) (+)
0= x2 − x − 6
y= 3x + 3
x -1 0 1
3x -3 0 3
+3 3 3 3
y 0 3 6
Sol: {−2,3}
17) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 and hence solve 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0

𝑥 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑥2 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49
-4x 4 0 -4 -8 -12 -16 -20 -24 -28
+3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
+ 8 3 4 7 12 19 28 39 52
- 0 0 -4 -8 -12 -16 -20 -24 -28
y 8 3 0 -1 0 3 8 15 24
Table 2
y= x2 − 4 x + 3
(−) (+) (−)
0= x2 − 6 x + 9
y= 2x − 6

x -1 0 1
2x -2 0 2
-6 -6 -6 -6
y -8 -6 -4
Sol: {3}
18) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 and use it to solve 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
+3x -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9
+2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ 11 6 3 2 6 12 20
- -9 -6 -3 0 0 0 0
y 2 0 0 2 6 12 20
Table 2
y= x 2 + 3x + 2
(−) ( −) ( −)
0= x2 + 2 x + 1
y= x +1

x -1 0 1
x -1 0 1
+1 1 1 1
y 0 1 2
Sol: {−1}
19) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 and hence solve 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
+4x -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12
+3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
+ 12 7 4 3 8 15 24
- -12 -8 -4 0 0 0 0
y 0 -1 0 3 8 15 24
Table 2
y= x2 + 4 x + 3
(−) (−) (−)
0= x2 + x + 1
y = 3x + 2

x -1 0 1

3x -3 0 3

+2 2 2 2
y -1 2 5
Sol: 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 has no real roots
20) Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 and hence solve 𝑥2 + 1 = 0

𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑥2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
+1x
𝑦 6 2 0 0 2 6 12

Table 2
y= x2 + x + 0
(−) (−) (−)
0= x2 + 0 + 1
y= x −1

x -1 0 1
x -1 0 1
-1 -1 -1 -1
y -2 -1 0

Sol: 𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 has no real roots