Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 1 – Calculation of Design Seismic Force by Static Analysis

Method
Problem Statement:
Consider a four-storey reinforced concrete office building shown in Fig. 1.1. The building is located in
Shillong (seismic zone V). The soil conditions are medium stiff and the entire building is supported on a raft
foundation. The R. C. frames are infilled with brick-masonry. The lumped weight due to dead loads is 12
kN/m2 on floors and 10 kN/m2 on the roof. The floors are to cater for a live load of 4 kN/m2 on floors and
1.5 kN/m2 on the roof. Determine design seismic load on the structure as per new code.
[Problem adopted from Jain S.K, “A Proposed Draft for IS:1893 Provisions on Seismic Design of Buildings;
Part II: Commentary and Examples”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.22, No.2, July 1995, pp.73-90 ]

y
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(4) (5)
(A)

(B)
3 @ 5000

(C)

(D) x
4 @ 5000
PLAN

3200

3200

3200

4200

ELEVATION

Figure 1.1 – Building configuration

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 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

= 0.09(13.8) / 20
Solution:
= 0.28 sec
Design Parameters: The building is located on Type II (medium soil).

For seismic zone V, the zone factor Z is 0.36 From Fig. 2 of IS: 1893, for T=0.28 sec, S a g =
(Table 2 of IS: 1893). Being an office building, 2.5
the importance factor, I, is 1.0 (Table 6 of IS: ZI S a
1893). Building is required to be provided with Ah =
2R g
moment resisting frames detailed as per IS:
13920-1993. Hence, the response reduction 0.36 × 1.0
= × 2.5
factor, R, is 5. 2×5
= 0.09
(Table 7 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
(Clause 6.4.2 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
Seismic Weights:
Design base shear
The floor area is 15×20=300 sq. m. Since the live
VB = AhW
load class is 4kN/sq.m, only 50% of the live load
is lumped at the floors. At roof, no live load is to = 0.09 × 15,600
be lumped. Hence, the total seismic weight on the = 1,440 kN
floors and the roof is: (Clause 7.5.3 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
Floors:
Force Distribution with Building Height:
W1=W2 =W3 =300×(12+0.5×4)
= 4,200 kN The design base shear is to be distributed with
height as per clause 7.7.1. Table 1.1 gives the
Roof: calculations. Fig. 1.2(a) shows the design seismic
W4 = 300×10 force in X-direction for the entire building.
= 3,000 kN
EL in Y-Direction:
(clause7.3.1, Table 8 of IS: 1893 Part 1)
T = 0.09 h d
Total Seismic weight of the structure,
= 0.09(13.8) / 15
W = ΣW i = 3×4,200 + 3,000 = 0.32 sec
= 15,600 kN Sa
= 2.5;
Fundamental Period: g
Ah = 0.09
Lateral load resistance is provided by moment
resisting frames infilled with brick masonry Therefore, for this building the design seismic
panels. Hence, approximate fundamental natural force in Y-direction is same as that in the X-
period: direction. Fig. 1.2(b) shows the design seismic
force on the building in the Y-direction.
(Clause 7.6.2. of IS: 1893 Part 1)

EL in X-Direction:
T = 0.09h / d

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 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Table 1.1 – Lateral Load Distribution with Height by the Static Method
Storey Wi (kN ) hi (m) Wi hi2 × (1000) Wi hi2 Lateral Force at ith
Level
∑W h i i
2 Level for EL
direction (kN)
in

X Y
4 3,000 13.8 571.3 0.424 611 611
3 4,200 10.6 471.9 0.350 504 504
2 4,200 7.4 230.0 0.171 246 246
1 4,200 4.2 74.1 0.055 79 79
Σ 1,347.3 1,000 1,440 1,440

Figure 1.2 -- Design seismic force on the building for (a) X-direction, and (b) Y-direction.

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 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Example 2 – Calculation of Design Seismic Force by Dynamic

Analysis Method
Problem Statement:
For the building of Example 1, the dynamic properties (natural periods, and mode shapes) for vibration in
the X-direction have been obtained by carrying out a free vibration analysis (Table 2.1). Obtain the design
seismic force in the X-direction by the dynamic analysis method outlined in cl. 7.8.4.5 and distribute it with
building height.

Table 2.1 – Free Vibration Properties of the building for vibration in the X-Direction
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
Natural Period (sec) 0.860 0.265 0.145
Mode Shape
Roof 1.000 1.000 1.000
3rd Floor 0.904 0.216 -0.831
2nd Floor 0.716 -0.701 -0.574
1st Floor 0.441 -0.921 1.016

[Problem adopted from, Jain S.K, “A Proposed Draft for IS: 1893 Provisions on Seismic Design of
Buildings; Part II: Commentary and Examples”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.22, No.2, July 1995,
pp.73-90]

Solution:
Table 2.2 -- Calculation of modal mass and modal participation factor (clause 7.8.4.5)
Storey Weight
Level i Wi (kN ) Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

4 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000
3 4,200 0.904 3,797 3,432 0.216 907 196 -0.831 -3,490 2,900
2 4,200 0.716 3,007 2,153 -0.701 -2,944 2,064 -0.574 -2,411 1,384
1 4,200 0.441 1,852 817 -0.921 -3,868 3,563 1.016 4,267 4,335
Σ 15,600 11,656 9,402 -2,905 8,822 1,366 11,620

Mk =
[∑ w φ ] i ik
2 11,6562 14,450kN
9,402 g
=
g
2,9052 957kN
8,822 g
=
g
1,3662
11,620 g
=
161kN
g
g ∑w φ i
2
ik = 14,45,000 kg =95,700 kg = 16,100 kg
% of Total weight 92.6% 6.1% 1.0%

Pk =
∑w φ i ik
11,656 − 2,905 1,366
∑w φ i
2
ik
9,402
= 1.240
8,822
= −0.329
11,620
= 0.118

vibration only. However, for illustration, solution

to this example considers the first three modes of
It is seen that the first mode excites 92.6% of the
vibration.
total mass. Hence, in this case, codal requirements
on number of modes to be considered such that at The lateral load Qik acting at ith floor in the kth
least 90% of the total mass is excited, will be mode is
satisfied by considering the first mode of
Qik = Ahk φ ik Pk Wi

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 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

(clause 7.8.4.5 c of IS: 1893 Part 1) ZI

Ah 2 = (S a / g )
The value of Ahk for different modes is obtained 2R
from clause 6.4.2. 0.36 × 1
= × (2.5)
Mode 1: 2×5
= 0.09
T1 = 0.860 sec; Qi1 = 0.09 × (−0.329) × φi 2 × Wi
1 .0
(S a / g ) = = 1.16 ; Mode 3:
0.86
ZI T3 = 0.145 sec;
Ah1 = (S a / g )
2R ( S a / g ) = 2.5 ;
0.36 × 1 ZI
= × (1.16) Ah 3 = (S a / g )
2×5 2R
= 0.0418 0.36 × 1
Qi1 = 0.0418 × 1.240 × φ i1 × Wi = × (2.5)
2×5
Mode 2: = 0.09
Qi 3 = 0.09 × (0.118) × φ i 3 × Wi
T2 = 0.265 sec;
Table 2.3 summarizes the calculation of lateral
( S a / g ) = 2.5 ;
load at different floors in each mode.

Table 2.3 – Lateral load calculation by modal analysis method (earthquake in X-direction)
Floor Weight
Level Wi Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
i (kN ) φ i1 Q i1 V i1 φ i2 Q i2 V i2 φ i3 Q i3 V i3
4 3,000 1.000 155.5 155.5 1.000 -88.8 -88.8 1.000 31.9 31.9
3 4,200 0.904 196.8 352.3 0.216 -26.8 -115.6 -0.831 -37.1 -5.2
2 4,200 0.716 155.9 508.2 -0.701 87.2 -28.4 -0.574 -25.6 -30.8
1 4,200 0.441 96.0 604.2 -0.921 114.6 86.2 1.016 45.4 14.6

Since all of the modes are well separated (clause Clause 7.8.2 requires that the base shear obtained
3.2), the contribution of different modes is by dynamic analysis (VB = 610 kN) be compared
combined by the SRSS (square root of the sum of with that obtained from empirical fundamental
the square) method period as per Clause 7.6. If VB is less than that
from empirical value, the response quantities are
V4 = [(155.5)2+ (88.8)2+ (31.9)2]1/2 = 182 kN
to be scaled up.
V3 = [(352.3)2+ (115.6)2+ (5.2)2]1/2 = 371 kN We may interpret “base shear calculated using a
fundamental period as per 7.6” in two ways:
V2 = [(508.2)2+ (28.4)2+ (30.8)2]1/2 = 510 kN
1. We calculate base shear as per Cl. 7.5.3. This
2 2 2 1/2 was done in the previous example for the same
V1 = [(604.2) + (86.2) + (14.6) ] = 610 kN
building and we found the base shear as 1,404 kN.
(Clause 7.8.4.4a of IS: 1893 Part 1) Now, dynamic analysis gives us base shear of 610
kN which is lower. Hence, all the response
The externally applied design loads are then
quantities are to be scaled up in the ratio
obtained as:
(1,404/610 = 2.30). Thus, the seismic forces
Q4 = V4 = 182 kN obtained above by dynamic analysis should be
Q3 = V3 – V4 = 371 – 182 = 189 kN scaled up as follows:
Q2 = V2 – V3 = 510 – 371 = 139 kN
Q4 = 182 × 2.30 = 419 kN
Q1 = V1 – V2 = 610 – 510 = 100 kN
Q3 = 189 × 2.30 = 435 kN
(Clause 7.8.4.5f of IS: 1893 Part 1) Q2 = 139 × 2.30 = 320 kN

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 Examples on IS 1893(Part 1)

Q1 = 100 × 2.30 = 230 kN = 1,303 kN

2. We may also interpret this clause to mean that Notice that most of the base shear is contributed
we redo the dynamic analysis but replace the by first mode only. In this interpretation of Cl
fundamental time period value by Ta (= 0.28 sec). 7.8.2, we need to scale up the values of response
In that case, for mode 1: quantities in the ratio (1,303/610 = 2.14). For
instance, the external seismic forces at floor levels
T1 = 0.28 sec;
will now be:
( S a / g ) = 2.5 ;
Ah1 ZI Q4 = 182 × 2.14 = 389 kN
= (S a / g )
2R Q3 = 189 × 2.14 = 404 kN
=0.09 Q2 = 139 × 2.14 = 297 kN
Modal mass times Ah1 Q1 = 100 × 2.14 = 214 kN
= 14,450 × 0.09 Clearly, the second interpretation gives about
= 1,300 kN 10% lower forces. We could make either
Base shear in modes 2 and 3 is as calculated interpretation. Herein we will proceed with the
earlier: Now, base shear in first mode of vibration values from the second interpretation and
=1300 kN, 86.2 kN and 14.6 kN, respectively. compare the design values with those obtained in
Example 1 as per static analysis:
Total base shear by SRSS

= 1300 + 86.2 + 14.6

2 2 2

Table 2.4 – Base shear at different storeys

Floor Q (static) Q (dynamic, Storey Shear V Storey ShearV Storey Moment, Storey
Level scaled) (static) (dynamic, M (Static) Moment, M
i scaled) (Dynamic)
4 611 kN 389 kN 611 kN 389 kN 1,907 kNm 1,245
kNm
3 504 kN 404 kN 1,115kN 793 kN 5,386 kNm 3,782
kNm
2 297 kN 297 kN 1,412kN 1,090 kN 9.632 kNm 7,270
kNm
1 79 kN 214 kN 1,491 kN 1,304 kN 15,530 kNm 12,750
kNm

Notice that even though the base shear by the

static and the dynamic analyses are comparable,
there is considerable difference in the lateral load
distribution with building height, and therein lies
the advantage of dynamic analysis. For instance,
the storey moments are significantly affected by
change in load distribution.

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