TUTORIAL – 1

Hydrostatic properties are given in model tests

Model Number Mxxx 42

Loading Condition Design Scale
Length over all LOA (m) 199.868
Length between perpendiculars LBP (m) 183.430
Waterline Length LWL (m) 187.259
Breadth (at wl) BWL (m) 24.400
Draught (midship) T (m) 8.000
Draught (AP) TA (m) 8.000
Draught (FP) TF (m) 8.000
Displacement volume  (m3) 25395.2
Displacement  (ton) 26053.5
Wetted surface area AWS (m2) 6153.73
Surface area of Bilge Keel AA (m2) 141.95
Block coefficient CB 0.695
Prismatic coefficient CP 0.700
Midship area coefficient CM 0.993
Waterplane area coefficient CWP 0.857
Longitudinal centre of buoyancy LCB (m) (from AP) 85.853
Longitudinal centre of floatation LCF (m) (from AP) 78.234
Service speed VS (knots) 24.0

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1. Determine the model speed if the ship’s speed is 24 knots?

Vs  24 knots
 1: 42
Vm  Vs /   24*0.5144 / 42
Vm 1.90 m / s

2. Determine the model Lwl, model Sw and model displacement 

 LWL MODEL   LWL SHIP /  187.259 / 42  4.459 m

 SWS MODEL   SWS SHIP /  2  6153.73 / 422  3.489 m2
 MODEL  SHIP /  3  25395.2 / 423  0.343kg

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3. Model resistance data was measured as (water temperature in the tank is 22 C

Vm Rtm
m/s Kg
0.555 0.255
0.627 0.320
0.684 0.375
0.737 0.429
0.838 0.554
0.903 0.639
0.983 0.753
1.117 0.964
1.198 1.106
1.277 1.258
1.374 1.465
1.451 1.649
1.520 1.835
1.569 1.977
1.658 2.273
1.718 2.503
1.774 2.756
1.841 3.128
1.919 3.728
1.973 4.226
2.003 4.471
Determine the form factor (1+k). Form factor is determined according to Froude Number between
0.1 and 0.2. It should be draw a graph whose abscissa is Fn4 /CFM while ordinate is CTM/CFM.
Therefore, we need the following

VM RTM 0.075
Fr  ; CTM  ; CFM 
   
2
gLWL 1 
 SWM VM
2 log Re 2
2
Froude Number, Total resistance coefficient and friction coefficient should be calculated for each
speed. Therefore, the range can be determined. And another unknown is appeared as Reynolds
Number

VM LWL
Re 

The unknowns are the viscosity and density values of fresh and seawaters. Therefore ITTC
Recommended procedures help us at this point. From https://ittc.info/ page it can be downloaded
the Procedure no “75-02-01-03.pdf”, “Fresh and sea water properties”

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 As a result

  0.95653E  6 m 2 / s   997.7735 kg/ m 3

It is useful to produce an excel sheet because tabular format needs

Scale -  42 (-)
 997.7735 kg/m3
Swm 3.489 m2
g 9.80665 m/s2
Lwl 4.459 m
 0.95653 m2/s

VM RTM RTM Fr Re CTM CFM Fn4/CFM CTM/CFM

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(m/s) (Kg) (N) (-) (*10 ) (*1000) (*1000) (-) (-)
0.555 0.255 2.501 0.084 2.587 4.664 3.852 0.013 1.211
0.627 0.320 3.138 0.095 2.923 4.584 3.761 0.022 1.219
0.684 0.375 3.677 0.103 3.189 4.514 3.698 0.031 1.221
0.737 0.429 4.205 0.111 3.434 4.450 3.645 0.042 1.221
0.838 0.554 5.431 0.127 3.908 4.440 3.557 0.073 1.248
0.903 0.639 6.269 0.137 4.209 4.418 3.507 0.099 1.260
0.983 0.753 7.384 0.149 4.584 4.388 3.452 0.142 1.271
1.117 0.964 9.449 0.169 5.208 4.349 3.371 0.242 1.290
1.198 1.106 10.846 0.181 5.586 4.340 3.328 0.324 1.304
1.277 1.258 12.336 0.193 5.954 4.345 3.290 0.423 1.321
1.374 1.465 14.365 0.208 6.404 4.373 3.246 0.574 1.347
1.451 1.649 16.174 0.219 6.763 4.416 3.215 0.720 1.374
1.520 1.835 17.994 0.230 7.087 4.473 3.188 0.876 1.403
1.569 1.977 19.383 0.237 7.313 4.525 3.170 0.999 1.427
1.658 2.273 22.292 0.251 7.730 4.657 3.139 1.260 1.484
1.718 2.503 24.542 0.260 8.007 4.780 3.119 1.459 1.532
1.774 2.756 27.031 0.268 8.270 4.935 3.102 1.670 1.591

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1.841 3.128 30.680 0.278 8.583 5.199 3.081 1.951 1.687
1.919 3.728 36.558 0.290 8.948 5.701 3.059 2.321 1.864
1.973 4.226 41.446 0.298 9.197 6.118 3.044 2.602 2.010
2.003 4.471 43.845 0.303 9.340 6.275 3.036 2.775 2.067

1.340
y = 0.2472x + 1.2245
1.320

1.300

1.280
CTM/CFM

1.260

1.240

1.220

1.200
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500
Fn4 /C FM

Steps:
Step 01: Compute model resistance in Newton’s.

RTM  0.255*9.80665  2.501 N

Step 02: Compute Froude Number

VM 0.555
Fr    0.084()
gLWL 9.80665*4.459
Step 03: Compute Reynolds Number (It should be multiplied by 1,000,000. Do not forget!)

VM * LWL 0.555*4.459
Re    2.587 ()
 0.95653
Step 04: Compute total resistance coefficient (It should be multiplied by 1,000,000. Do not
forget!)

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 RTM 2.501
CTM  
1 1
 SWM VM2 *997.7735*3.489*0.5552
2 2
2.501
  4.664 (*103 )
536.153
Step 05: Compute skin friction coefficient –ITTC 1957 formula (It should be multiplied by 1,000.
Do not forget!)
0.075 0.075
CFM  
 log10 (Re)  2   log10 (2.587 *1000000)  2 
2 2

0.075 0.075
   3.852 (*103 )
 6.412  2 
2
19.4657
Step 06: Compute the value Fn4/CFM.
4 4
Fn 0.084
  0.013
CFM 3.852*103
Step 07: Compute the value CTM/CFM
CTM 4.664
 1.210
CFM 3.852
These steps are performed for each speed to fulfill the whole speed array. Finally, a graph is
plotted for the Froude Numbers between 0.1-0.2.

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 ITTC 1978 PERFORMANCE PREDICTION METHOD

Step 01: VM & RTM are both should be given. Test water temperature should also be known. Therefore
Fr and Re cane be calculated

VM 0.555
Fr    0.084()
gLWL 9.80665*4.459
VM * LWL
0.555* 4.459
Re    2.587 ()
 0.95653 (*)
(*) Tank water temperature at test day.It has also procedure.
Step 02: CFM is calculated according to ITTC 1957 line.

0.075 0.075
CFM    3.852(*103 )
 log10 (Re)  2   log10 (2.587*1000000)  2 
2 2

At this stage form factor (1+k) should be determined.

Step 03: CVM is calculated. (Viscos resistance coefficient)

CVM  CFM 1  k   3.852(1  0.2)  4.622(*103 )

Step 04: Cwis calculated. (Wave resistance coefficient). Note that there is no “model” sub index because
it remains the same with model and ship.

CW  CTM  CVM  4.664  4.622  0.043(*103 )

INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS AT STANDARD WATER TEMPERATURE AT WHICH IS 15 DEGREES

CELCIUS.

Step 05: The results should be converted to standard water temperature at which is 15 degrees celcius.
Therefore Re is calculated for 15 degrees of water temperature.

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 VM * LWL 0.555* 4.459
Re    2.175()
 1.138 (*)
(*) For tank water temperature at15 C .
Step 06: CFM is re-calculated according to ITTC 1957 line.

0.075 0.075
CFM    3.987 (*103 )
 log10 (Re)  2   log10 (2.175*1000000)  2
2 2

Step 07: CVM is re-calculated. (Viscos resistance coefficient)

CVM  CFM 1  k   3.987(1  0.2)  4.784(*103 )

Step 08: CTM is re-calculated. (Total resistance coefficient)

CTM  CVM  CW  4.784  0.043  4.827(*103 )

Note that CW alwaysis thesame!!!
Step 09: RTM is re-calculated using newly calculated CTM.

RTM
CTM 
1
 SWM VM2
2
1 1
RTM  CTM  SWM VM2  4.827 * *999.1026*3.489*0.5552
2 2
RTM  2.591( N )
As a result, model resistance values have been interpreted for standard temperature. From now on, the
extrapolation procedure begins.

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INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS AT FULL-SCALE

Step 10: VS is ship speed which is calculated using model scale .

VS VM *   0.555* 42 / 0.5144  6.992knots

Step 11: The Re is calculated for 15 degrees of standard salt water temperature for full scale.

VS * LWL 6.992*0.5144* 4.459* 42

Re    5.664 (*108 )
 1.1892 (*)
(*) For standard salt water temperature at15 C .
Note that, Fr numbers are the same with model and ship scales. However, the Re’s are different.

Step 12: CFS is calculated according to ITTC 1957 line.

0.075 0.075
CFS    1.645(*103 )
 log10 (Re)  2   log10 (5.664*100000000)  2 
2 2

Step 13: CVS is calculated. (Ship scale viscos resistance coefficient)

CVS  CFS 1  k   1.645(1  0.2) 1.974(*103 )

Step 13: CF is calculated (Roughness effect) for 120 microns roughness height.

 k 1  120 /1000000  13
CF  105  S  3  0.64 105    0.64
 WL 
L  4.459*42 
105*8.625*103  0.64  0.9056  0.64  0.265(*103 )
Step 14: CTS is calculated. (Ship scale total resistance coefficient)

 S  S BK   3.489* 422  77.74 

CTS     CVS  CF   CW    1.973  0.265  0.043  2.310(*10 )
3

 S 
2
 3.489* 42 
CTS  1.01263 2.238  0.043  2.310(*10 ) 3

Note that C W alwaysis thesame !!!

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Step 15: RTS is calculated using CTS.

RTS
CTS 
1
 SVS2
2
1 1
RTS  CTS  SVS2  2.310* *1026.021*3.489* 422 *  6.992*0.5144 
2

2 2
RTS  94.3(kN)
Step 16: Finally the effective power or towing resistance PE is calculated using RTS.

PE  VS * RTS  (6.992*0.5144)*94.3  339.16(kW)

Wind resistance, appendage resistance values are not incorporated!!!!

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