Unit Plan: Relations, Functions, and Graphs
Subject: Mathematics
Grade Level: CSEC (Secondary)
Unit Title: Relations, Functions, and Graphs
Duration: 4-5 weeks
Unit Overview
This unit introduces students to the concepts of relations and functions, their
representations, and how to graph them. Students will learn to distinguish between
relations and functions, analyze different types of functions (linear, quadratic,
exponential), and interpret graphs. The unit also covers solving equations graphically
and applying functions to real-world problems.
CSEC Syllabus Alignment
This unit aligns with the following CSEC Mathematics (General Proficiency)
objectives:
Module 2: Algebra and Relations, Functions & Graphs
- Relations and functions
- Linear and quadratic functions
- Graphs and their interpretations
- Solving equations using graphical methods
Learning Objectives
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1. Define and distinguish between relations and functions.
2. Identify the domain and range of a function.
3. Represent functions using equations, tables, mappings, and graphs.
4. Graph and analyze linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
5. Solve equations graphically (finding intercepts, roots, and intersections).
6. Apply functions to solve real-world problems (e.g., distance-time graphs, profit
functions).
Instructional Content and Sequence
Lesson 1: Introduction to Relations and Functions (2 lessons)
- Definitions of relations and functions
- Ways to represent relations (ordered pairs, mappings, graphs)
- Vertical Line Test for functions
- Domain and range of a function
Lesson 2: Linear Functions and Graphs (3 lessons)
- Equation of a straight line: (y = mx + c)
- Slope (gradient) and y-intercept
- Graphing linear functions
- Applications (e.g., cost functions, distance-time graphs)
Lesson 3: Quadratic Functions and Graphs (4 lessons)
- Standard form: ( y = ax2 + bx + c)
- Properties of parabolas (vertex, axis of symmetry, intercepts)
- Graphing quadratic functions using tables and key points
- Solving quadratic equations graphically
Lesson 4: Exponential Functions (2 lessons)
- Introduction to exponential growth and decay: \( y = a \cdot b^x \)
- Graphing exponential functions
- Real-world applications (e.g., population growth, depreciation)
Lesson 5: Graphical Solutions to Equations (2 lessons)
- Finding roots of equations graphically
- Points of intersection between two graphs
- Solving simultaneous equations graphically
Lesson 6: Real-World Applications and Problem-Solving (2 lessons)
- Word problems involving functions (e.g., profit maximization, projectile motion)
- Interpreting graphs in practical contexts
Review and Assessment (2 lessons)
- Summary of key concepts
- Practice problems and past CSEC questions
- Unit test
Teaching Strategies and Activities
Direct Instruction: Explanations and worked examples
Interactive Learning: Group discussions on real-world applications
Graphing Practice: Using graph paper and graphing software (Desmos, GeoGebra)
Problem-Based Learning: Solving word problems involving functions
Peer Teaching: Students explain concepts to each other
Assessment and Evaluation
1. Formative Assessments:
- Class exercises on graphing functions
- Quizzes on domain, range, and function identification
- Group presentations on real-world applications
2. Summative Assessment:
- End-of-unit test (multiple-choice and structured questions)
- Graphing and problem-solving tasks
Resources and Materials
- CSEC Mathematics textbook - Mathematics For Caribbean Examinations - Conrad
Archie
- Graph paper, rulers, graphing calculators
- Online graphing tools (Desmos, GeoGebra)
- Past CSEC exam questions on functions and graphs
Differentiation and Inclusion
For Struggling Learners: Provide step-by-step guided notes and additional practice.
Visual Learners: Use color-coded graphs and interactive software.
Conclusion
This unit equips students with foundational skills in relations, functions, and graphs,
preparing them for more advanced mathematical concepts and real-world
applications. Mastery of this topic is essential for success in CSEC Mathematics and
beyond.
Prepared by: Carl B. Davis
Date: July 8, 2025
