‫)‪GENERATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT (GTSD‬‬

‫‪Electrical and Instrumentation & Control Engineering‬‬

‫)‪Division (COA, WOA, EOA,SOA‬‬

‫‪POLICY DOCUMENT‬‬ ‫وثيقة سياسة‬ ‫‪SEC - GO - EMM - 005 – R1‬‬

‫‪TITLE‬‬ ‫‪PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE‬‬

‫دليل فحص أنظمة الحماية‬

‫وثيقة رقم ‪SEC- GO - EMM – 005 – R1 :‬‬
‫تم اعداد هذه الوثيقة العنونة " دليل اختبار الحماية " بواسطة فريق عمل المختصين من دوائر الهندسة بمناطق اعمال الوسطى و الغربية و الجنوبية و‬
‫الشرقية و يتم اعداد هذه الوثيقة من قبل مدراء إدارات جميع قطاعات األعمال‪.‬‬
‫بواسطة ‪:‬‬

‫المنطقة الوسطى‬ ‫م‪ /‬الصحبي بن مزوغية ( رئيس المجموعة )‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫المنطقة الوسطى‬ ‫م‪ /‬شمس هللا دالور شاه‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫المنطقة الغربية‬ ‫م‪ /‬طارق المالكي‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫المنطقة الشرقية‬ ‫م‪ /‬عبد الرؤوف مبارك‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫المنطقة الجنوبية‬ ‫م‪ /‬خالد فهيم األتربي‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫اوصى بها‪:‬‬

‫مدير دائرة الهندسة الكهربائية و األجهزة بمنطقة اعمال الوسطى‬ ‫م‪ /‬عبيد سعيد النمشه‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫مدير دائرة الهندسة الكهربائية و األجهزة بمنطقة اعمال الغربية‬ ‫م‪ /‬محمد سليمان بدر‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫مدير دائرة الهندسة الكهربائية و األجهزة بمنطقة اعمال الشرقية‬ ‫م‪ /‬ياسر حسين الحويدر‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫مدير دائرة الهندسة الكهربائية و األجهزة بمنطقة اعمال الجنوبية‬ ‫م‪ /‬سعد ذيب الشهراني‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫اعتماد مدراء إدارات خدمات التوليد الفنية‪:‬‬

‫‪Page‬‬
‫‪Date of final issue‬‬ ‫‪Revision‬‬ ‫‪Date of latest revision‬‬
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TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

Developed by:

Committee members:

- Sahbi Ben Mzoughia (COA) Leader

- Shams Ullah Dilawar Shah(COA) Member

- Tariq Almalki (WOA) Member

- Abdulraouf Mubarak (EOA) Member

- Khaled Al-Atriby (SOA) Member

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TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No
S.NO Heading

1. 6
Introduction
2. 6
Scope
3. Necessary test equipment 6

4. Protection System Devices 6

5. 8
Testing periodicity
6. Electromechanical relay maintenance test procedures 9

6.1 An initial “as-found” test 9

6.2 Mechanical adjustments and inspection 9

6.3 Electrical tests and adjustments 10

7. Solid-state relays 11

7.1 Calibration and Testing 11

7.2 Testing Procedures 13

8. Microprocessor (Digital) Relays 13

8.1 Relay Functional Testing precautions 14

8.2 In-service maintenance 15

8.3 Out of service maintenance 16

8.4 Relay Input / Output Function Testing 16

9. Lockout Relay Maintenance and trip test Procedures 17

10. Instrument Transformers 18

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10.1 Burden measurements 18

10.2 Checking Grounds, CT and PT Circuits 19

10.3 Insulation Resistance Testing for PT and CT Secondary 19

11. Protection functional test 20

11.1 Generator protection 20

11.2 Transformer protection 30

11.3 Testing procedure for protection Equipment’s 31

11.4 Testing procedure for protection Relays 35

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TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

1. Introduction:

Protective system are the brain of the electrical apparatus. In this respect, their reliability
is very important to be checked and verified periodically.

This guide line describes the procedure to maintain the protection system and the testing
periodicity for each type of protection (Electromechanical relays, solid state relays and
digital relays) and instrument devices (CT, and VT).

2. Scope:

To definite, all the necessary steps to maintain the protection system.

3. Necessary test equipment

1. Current and voltage primary injection.

2. Secondary injection equipment with three-phase voltage and current operating from 30 to
80 Hz.
3. DC voltage source (Power supply) or use the panel power supply.
4. A PC compatible computer with a serial and mouse port.
5. Insulation resistance test equipment
6. Protection software and communication cable.

Note: All testing equipment’s should be calibrated.

4. Protection System Devices

The protection system includes protective relays, associated communications systems,

voltage and current sensing devices, station batteries, and direct current control circuitry.
For generation protection systems this includes, but is not necessarily limited to:
1) Generator Differential (87G)
2) Generator Voltage Restraint Over Current (51V)
3) Distance protection (21)
4) Generator Unbalance Protection (46-1)
5) Generator Stator Earth Fault ( 64G)
6) 100% Generator ground ( 27G )
7) Generator Loss of Excitation (40G)

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8) Generator Under Voltage (27G)

9) Generator Rotor Earth Fault (64F)
10) Generator Inadvertent Energization (50/27)
11) Generator Reverse Power (32)
12) Over excitation (24 )
13) Under / over frequency (81)
14) Overvoltage (59)
15) Breaker failure protection ( 50 BF )
16) Out of step protection (78)
17) Trip Circuit Supervision

For transformer protection systems this includes, but is not necessarily limited to:
1) Transformer differential(87T)
2) Transformer Neutral Over current (51NT)
3) Transformer over fluxing (24)
4) Generator Breaker Failure (50BF)
5) Restricted earth fault protection (64REF)
6) Transformer Buchholz trip(63-2) ( annunciation only )
7) Transformer Bucholz Alarm(63-1)
8) Trip Circuit Supervision

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5. Testing periodicity:

The maintenance and testing requirements with the required interval as defined in this document
are summarized below in table1.
These protection system maintenance or test activities shall be performed within their respective
interval.
Table1:
Maintenance or Test Required Interval
Electromechanical relays Upon commissioning, and every year thereafter in harsh conditions
calibration and functional (dust, high temperature, high humidity) and every 2 years in
testing controlled environments and after setting changes or repairs.
Solid-state relays calibration Upon commissioning, and every 2 years thereafter and after setting
and functional testing changes, or repairs.
Microprocessor (1) (digital) Upon commissioning, and every 4 years thereafter and after setting
relays functional testing – changes, repairs, or firmware update.
Unmonitored
Microprocessor (digital) Upon commissioning, and every 5 years thereafter and after setting
relays functional testing – changes, repairs, or firmware update
Monitored (2).
Microprocessor (digital) Upon commissioning, and 2 years thereafter and after setting changes,
relay input and output repairs, or firmware update
verification
Microprocessor (digital) Upon commissioning, and immediately following any event that could
relay setting verification and change settings such as after setting changes, repairs, firmware
documentation. updates, relay testing, or following a relay operation.
Instrument transformer Upon commissioning.
ratio measurement
Verify that acceptable Upon commissioning, 5 years thereafter.
instrument transformer
output signals are received
at the protective relay.
Instrument transformer Upon commissioning, 5 years thereafter, when adding or replacing any
burden measurements. device in the secondary, or after equipment or wiring modifications.
Instrument transformer Upon commissioning, 5 years thereafter, and after equipment or wiring
secondary grounding and modifications.
Insulation resistance tests.
Protection circuit functional Upon commissioning, 2 years thereafter, and after equipment or wiring
test, between relay outputs modifications.
and breaker input, including
lockout relays.
Sealed lockout relay timing Upon commissioning and every 5 years thereafter.
test.
Non-sealed lockout relay Every 5 years and If required by the manufacturer.
timing test, cleaning, and
lubrication.

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(1) Microprocessor relay is defined as a relay that samples the voltage or current waveform, converts
these samples to a numeric value for calculations, and performs self-diagnostics. Relays that use
analog circuits for comparisons or calculations in addition to a microprocessor for timing or logic are
considered solid-state relays.

(2) Monitored - A microprocessor relay is considered unmonitored unless facility monitoring meets
all the following requirements:
- Real time monitoring and alarm of the relay internal self-monitoring alarm
- Real time monitoring and alarm for dc supply or power supply failure
- Monitoring of trip coil continuity (either real time or via red light check interval)
- If applicable, monitoring of protection telecommunication system (real time or periodically per test
interval)
- Monitoring dc battery voltage (real time or per test interval)
- Verification of relay inputs and outputs (real time or per test interval)

6. Electromechanical relay maintenance test procedures

Tests to be performed during routine maintenance are determined by the type of relay to be tested.
Include the following tests and procedures for all electromechanical relays:
6.1 An initial “as-found” test: test of all disk-type relays should be performed before the relay
has been disturbed, such as withdrawing it from its case. Perform the initial as-found tests
in the same manner as a timing test, if appropriate. This is critical for electromechanical
disk-type relays to ensure that they would have detected abnormal conditions prior to being
disturbed and on the first application of test current. (EXAMPLE: On an overcurrent relay,
test at two times (2 X) pickup to verify correct time delay and verify that the disk is free to
rotate).
6.2 Mechanical adjustments and inspection:

The Mechanical adjustments and inspection should be made according to the following
instructions:
6.2.1 Check to see that all connections are tight. Loose connections could indicate excessive
vibration that must be corrected. Check to ensure that rotating discs rotate freely.
6.2.2 All gaps must be checked to ensure that they are free of foreign material. If foreign
material is found, check the case gasket and replace it, if necessary. If the relay has a
rotating disc, be careful to check for foreign material between the magnets and rotating disc,
especially under the disc. Bits of magnetic material, rust, and dirt between the disc and
magnet will impede disc rotation and must be removed.
6.2.3 All contact or armature gaps must be inspected. Large variations in the same type
relay may indicate excessive wear. An adjusting screw could have worked loose and must
be tightened. Note all of this information on the test record.

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6.2.4 When specified in the manufacturer’s instruction manual, contacts can be burnished
with a burnishing tool. Note that a burnishing tool has a very fine abrasive for cleaning dirt
and oxidation off contacts. Never touch a relay contact with sandpaper or a file; the contact
will be destroyed. Measure contacts for alignment and wipe, according to the manufacturer’s
instruction manual.
6.2.5 Checking bearings or pivots usually involves dismantling the relay. It is recommended
that these tests be performed only when the relay appears to be extremely dirty or when
electrical tests indicate undue friction.
6.3 Electrical tests and adjustments:

6.3.1 Contact function: Manually close or open the contacts and observe that they perform
their required function.
6.3.2 Pickup: Pickup is defined as that value of current or voltage that will just close the
relay contacts. Gradually apply current or voltage to see that the pickup is within limits. The
current or voltage must be applied gradually to yield data that can be compared with
previous or future tests and not be clouded by such effects as transient overreach. If current
pickup value exceeded the relays continuous rating, pulse the current to avoid overheating
the relay current elements.
6.3.3 Dropout or reset: To test for excessive friction, reduce current or voltage until the
relay resets. Observe the armature or disc movement. If the relay is slow to reset or fails to
reset, the jewel bearing and pivot must be examined. A four-power magnifying glass is
needed for examining the pivot. The jewel bearing can be examined by moving a needle
across the surface, which will reveal any cracks. If dirt is found, the jewel can be cleaned
with an orange stick, and the pivot can be wiped clean with a soft, lint-free cloth.

7. Solid-state relays:

Solid-state (analog type) relays are in service in many applications. Settings typically do not
drift as much as those in electromechanical relays and are less affected by dirt, vibration,
humidity, and other environmental concerns. They require less current, have a higher
seismic-withstand, and require less panel space. These relays also have fewer moving parts
and require less maintenance compared to electromechanical relays. However, they differ
from electro- mechanical relays in that electronic component failure can render the relay
ineffective, and this condition can go undetected. Frequent testing is required to discover
these hidden failures and to adjust settings that have drifted.

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7.1 Calibration and Testing:

Calibration of protective relays should take place at the power facility by qualified and trained
personnel. A firm understanding of electronics is required for repair or troubleshooting these
relays. Avoid transporting relays to a remote location for testing, since this introduces the
possibility of damage to relays or changed settings from vibration or rough handling.
Calibration of solid-state relays requires a technician to adjust potentiometers, variable
capacitors, or variable inductors to ensure correct operation. Eliminating a majority of
moving parts within solid-state relays (versus electromechanical) has allowed easier and
more precise adjustments to be made. However, solid-state relays are inherently sensitive
to voltage transients and current surges. When calibrating solid-state relays, take the
following precautions to avoid static discharge damaging the relay:
Work on a grounded, semi conductive mat or other suitable static protection system. Always
touch a grounded metal surface before touching circuit boards, especially when relays are
equipped with metal-oxide semiconductors.

Always try to use a differential input mode for measuring instruments when troubleshooting
circuits to avoid introduction of ground loops.

It is important to remove the relay case test plug (per manufacturer’s recommended
procedure) from a relay before changing tap settings on the CT or in the relay itself.
Removing the test plug will power down the relay, short CTs, and ensure that trip contacts
remain in the correct position, reducing the risk of inadvertently tripping the equipment
offline. This also will ensure that CT secondary circuits are not opened during the tap change,
alleviating the risk of high voltage destroying the CT and/or the relay.
Refer to the manufacturer’s instruction manuals before performing insulation resistance tests
on these relays. If the manufacturer’s information is not available, it is not recommended to
perform this test on solid-state relays. While individual components may withstand test
voltage levels, applying high dc voltages may introduce voltage spikes that could damage
the relay.
If a circuit card must be removed for repair, cleaning, or maintenance, use extreme care
removing and re-installing the card. Never force a board into place or bend it. If circuit cards
must be removed, first touch a grounded metal frame. If circuit board contacts appear dirty,
clean as needed. Before attempting to disassemble the relay, refer to the manufacturer’s
instructions.

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Ensure that the relay case is grounded as recommend by the manufacturer. Ensure that all
required grounds are in place before testing or placing a relay into service.
7.2 Testing Procedures
7.2.1 Mechanical inspection:
(1) Check to see that connections are tight. Loose connections may indicate excessive
vibration that must be corrected.
(2) The relay must be examined for excessive debris. Debris can cause an inadvertent path
to ground, causing the relay to trip or be damaged. Debris can be removed by using
canned air, available at most electronics stores. Never use an air compressor or plant air
to remove debris due to possible static electricity and moisture.
7.2.2 Electrical tests and adjustments:
(1) Using a digital multimeter, check the input voltage to the relay. If the relay has a dual
power supply, ensure jumpers are in the correct position to provide the correct voltage.
(2) If so equipped, use the test function switch on the relay to ensure that all indicators
are working correctly. Also, exercise the reset to ensure that this function is working.

8. Microprocessor (Digital) Relays

Microprocessor (computer-based) digital relays are replacing electromechanical and solid-

state relays in many applications. It is recommended that electromechanical and solid-state
relays be replaced by digital relays as systems are upgraded. Microprocessor relays have
several advantages, such as:
 Can take the place of several electromechanical or solid-state relays.
 Can detect conditions that other types of relays cannot.
 Have settings that are software-based and do not drift with time, ambient
temperature, supply voltage changes, or aging.
 Can log input data and output data to other devices.
 Have built-in redundancy.
 Can log sequence of events for trouble shooting in case of faults.
 Are self-testing and self-diagnostic.
 Watchdog facility.
 Have extremely fast operating times.

A microprocessor relay is defined as a relay that samples the voltage or current waveform,
converts these samples to a numeric value for calculations, and performs self-diagnostics.

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Relays that use analog circuits for comparisons or calculations in addition to a

microprocessor for timing or logic are considered solid-state relays.

8.1 Relay Functional Testing precautions:

Each microprocessor relay must be tested functionally per the test schedule stated above,
preferably with in service settings. Protective relay functional testing includes operating
the relay in place or on a bench to verify that:
 The settings are correct (note any differences).
 The appropriate output contacts close/open at the proper time and under the
appropriate inputs.
 Analog and digital outputs are accurate and reliable.
 Indicating devices, such as targets or indicating lights, operate correctly.
 Logic functions operate as designed.
Steady-state functional testing of microprocessor-based relays typically is performed using
a laptop computer, or they may be networked together via Ethernet local area networks
(LANs) to a personal computer (PC) for testing and monitoring. Steady-state testing is a
process where each element of a relay is tested individually, one element at a time. As
microprocessor-based relays typically encompass several protection elements, it is often
necessary to isolate a particular function to test it. This is accomplished by routing the digital
element output under test to an unused physical output. Another method is temporarily to
disable any overlapping or interfering relay functions via software when they interfere with
the element test.
Making changes to the in service as-found settings for testing requires that the original
settings be re-entered / downloaded back into the relay after testing. It is highly
recommended to download a copy of the as-found settings to a secure location before
testing. Save a backup copy of the official settings to a memory stick, hard disk, or other
form of media to ensure that settings can be restored.
It is important to compare the as-found settings in the relay with the official settings that
should be in the relay and to document any discrepancies. After testing is complete, if the
as found copy has all the correct settings, reload these settings back into the relay from the
saved copy. This typically is easier than trying to reverse all the changes. Reconfirmation
(manually or automatic) that the settings entered into the relay match the official / approved
setting is required. Most manufacturers software allows a user to compare settings in the

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relay to settings on the disk; this alleviates the possibility of file corruption during downloads
and ensures that the official / approved settings match the as-left settings.
Test each enabled element of a relay to ensure settings are correct and the relay is operating
properly. If a relay element is not enabled, it does not need to be tested. Relay elements
that do not lead to a trip or alarm do not need to be tested.
Following a setting change, functional testing of microprocessor-based relays can be limited
to a functional check of the affected element if the change is limited in scope, such as a
change of a variable(s) (a pickup value, a time value, or curve type) and all the settings are
verified correct following the setting change and functional test.

8.2 In-service maintenance:

1. Visual verification of the analog values integrity, such as voltage and current (in
comparison to other devices on the corresponding system).
2. Visual verification of active alarms, relay display messages, and LED indications.
3. LED test.
4. Visual inspection for any damage, corrosion, dust.

8.3 Out of service maintenance:

1. Check wiring connections for firmness.
2. Analog values (currents, voltages, RTDs, analog inputs) injection test and metering
accuracy verification. Calibrated test equipment is required.
3. Protection elements setting verification (analog values injection or visual verification of
setting file entries against relay settings schedule).
4. Contact inputs and outputs verification. This test can be conducted by direct change of
state forcing or as part of the system functional testing.
5. Visual inspection for any damage, corrosion, or dust.
6. Event recorder file download with further events analysis.
7. LED Test and pushbutton continuity check.
8. Internal battery replacement if required and applicable.
8.4 Relay Input / Output Function Testing
As mentioned above, microprocessor relays are self-monitoring; however, microprocessor
relays cannot monitor their digital input or output circuitry. Thus, it is necessary to test
digital relay inputs and outputs functionally upon commissioning, and every 2 years
thereafter.

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Digital inputs and outputs must be tested to verify functionality. Only the inputs and outputs
that are in use need to be tested. If a relay input or output is not enabled, it does not need
to be tested. However, if and when a relay input or output is enabled or disabled, the entire
relay should be function tested at that time, independent of the testing schedule. In most
relay applications, only the analog current and/or voltage inputs and one or two digital
outputs are enabled.
Analog inputs (voltages and currents) can be tested offline by comparison to a calibrated set
of inputs. The relay test set ( secondary injection) can be used for these tests. The analog
inputs also can be checked online manually by comparing the meter display values to a
second digital relay or metering device connected to the same primary circuit. This test can
be automated by using a condition monitoring system continuously to perform this test. The
accuracy of the relay values must be within manufacturer specifications.
The digital output test can be performed by connecting the relay to a PC and forcing the
output to change state. The relay also can be programmed to use an unused digital input to
trip the outputs. An external signal, then, can be connected manually to this input to function
check the output circuit.

9. Lockout Relay Maintenance and trip test Procedures

 Conduct a job hazard analysis (JHA) and verify that testing will not disrupt normal
operation or endanger staff or equipment.
 With lockout relays in the " reset " position, initiate a lockout relay trip with the
protective relay contact output.
 The initial functional test must be conducted with the lockout relay in an "as-found"
condition to prove that a protective relay action actually will trip the lockout relay and
that the lockout will trip circuit breakers or other protective devices (e.g., governor,
exciter, etc.). For lockout relays with a removable cover (i.e., Westinghouse type WL
and GE type HEA), do not remove the cover prior to performing the initial functional
test. This could affect the outcome of the test.
 Visually and/or electrically, verify that the lockout relay actually tripped from the
protective relay action. Verify that circuit breakers actually tripped (or other protective
action occurred) from the lockout relay action. Verify that every contact in the lockout
relay actually has functioned properly. This may be done visually by removing the
cover, checking for proper action of downstream devices, or with an ohmmeter from
the relay terminal board.

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 Activate the lockout relay from each protective device. After the first full test of the
lockout relay and breakers, the lockout relay may be left in the trip position so as not
to repeatedly trigger the lockout coil; a meter, light, buzzer, or existing "amber light"
may be substituted to verify contact operation.
 Visually check that all alarms, meters, lights, and other indicators have activated.
 Return all devices and wiring back to their normal positions.
 Perform a timing test on the lockout relays and trend data each time testing is
 performed.

10. Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers comprise current transformers, potential transformers, and

coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVTs), which reduce current and voltage to levels
useable by protective relays and other control devices. Instrument transformers must be
properly sized and have the proper accuracy class for their specific applications.

10.1 Burden measurements

These tests can be performed either online or offline. For the online tests, PTs should be
energized near rated voltage; and CTs should be loaded to near the equipment or CT rating.
If this loading cannot be reached, then the CT should be loaded to at least 20 percent (%)
of rated secondary current (1 amp for a 5-amp-rated CT) to allow for accurate
measurements. Secondary current and voltage values can be measured as close as practical
to the transformer with a digital multimeter and clamp-on current meter rated for the values
being measured.
For offline tests, current is injected into the secondary circuit as close as possible to the CT
terminal; and voltage is injected into the PT circuit by opening the leads near the PT. The
CT can remain in the circuit during these tests because it will appear as an open circuit, but
the PT cannot be energized. Thus, its secondary leads need to be isolated from the secondary
circuit and voltage injection leads. To determine the external connected burden in VA for a
CT, measure the voltage required to drive rated current (typically 5 amps) through the
connected load. To determine the external connected burden in VA for a PT, measure the
current required to drive rated voltage (typically 120 or 69 volts) through the connected
load. Secondary current and voltage values can be measured with a multimeter and clamp-
on current meter rated for the values being measured. If the reactive portion of the burden
is also desired, a phase-angle meter must be used. Take care during the offline test to

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disable the trip output of relays that may pick up. Relay operation may cause unintended
consequences within the plant.

10.2 Checking Grounds, CT and PT Circuits

Verify instrument transformer secondary circuit grounding during design and installation.
However, over time due to wiring modifications, insulation deterioration, relay replacement,
or instrument transformer replacement, secondary circuit grounds may have been
compromised. In addition, grounding practices may have changed since existing systems
were installed. Therefore, secondary grounding must be verified on a periodic basis. Verify
PT and CT single-point grounding prior to performing insulation, polarity, and phasing tests
since multiple grounds could interfere with these test results.
Relay mal-operations or failure to operate can be caused by grounding the neutral at two
points, such as one ground at the PT or CT and another at the relay panel. The preferred
point of grounding for instrument transformers is at the first control board where the signal
is used. Spurious grounds may develop, or intentional grounds may be lost as insulation
ages and wiring errors occur; therefore, grounds must be checked as described below.
To perform this test, the PT or CT primary is de-energized, the intentional ground is
removed, and the overall circuits are checked for additional grounds and insulation
breakdowns . Any additional grounds must be located and cleared prior to placing the circuit
back into service.

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Checking Open CT Secondary Circuits

Current transformers act as constant-current sources to whatever load is applied on the
secondary. This means that the voltage changes to provide the same current, no matter what
the impedance in the secondary. When the secondary is open circuited, the impedance—and,
thus, the voltage—becomes extremely large. This high voltage may destroy the insulation,
causing a fault that can destroy the CT, damage other equipment, and be hazardous to personnel.
Extreme care must be taken to ensure that a reasonable secondary burden is always present or
that the CT secondary have been shorted to prevent high voltages when the primary is energized.
Test switches with automatic CT shorting circuits are highly recommended to reduce the risk of
opening the secondary. Also, CT shorting bars normally are placed on the CT secondary by the
manufacturer and should be used when CT shorting switches are not available.
10.3 Insulation Resistance Testing for PT and CT Secondary
v While the ground is still removed from checking the grounding points of the circuits (see
section above), check the insulation resistance and 1-minute voltage withstand between the
secondary circuit of the CT or PT and ground using a standard 500-volt (V) Megger®. Before
performing the test, the CT or PT circuit may need to be isolated from the burden/relays,
and the primary circuit should be grounded. In the test, include as much of the secondary
circuit as possible; but remove the relays and any other burdens from the circuit being tested
if it is not known if they can withstand the test voltage. This typically will require lifting leads
or opening switches at either the first terminal block in the control panel, the relay test block,
the back of the relay, or at the control board fuses for the PT circuits.
Typical values should be much greater than 1 megaohm. Carefully investigate readings lower
than 1 megaohm because the insulation integrity may be faulty. See IEEE™ Std. C57.13.1-
1981, Guide for Field Testing of Relaying Current Transformers, and IEEE™ Std. C57.13-
1993, Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers.

11. Protection functional test

11.1 Generator protection:

11.1.1 Generator differential test (87G):
General description:
The Generator differential protection will protect the Generator stator from any internal
short circuit located between the two CTs supplying the 87G protection.

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Testing:
1. To test the pickup value in the neutral side: increase the current input gradually from zero
until the function pickup , repeat the test for all phases (A, B, C).
2. Apply two times the pickup value and record the trip time.
3. Repeat the steps 1 &2 for the load side.

IA = variable  0°
IB = variable  240° variable from 0 to pickup value
IC = variable  120°

11.1.2 Current unbalance (46):

General description:
Unbalance load protection detects unbalanced loads on the system. The negative
sequence currents associated with unbalanced loads create counter-rotating fields in
three-phase induction machines, which act on the rotor at double frequency. Eddy
currents are induced at the rotor surface, and local overheating of the rotor begins to
take place. In addition, it may be used to detect interruptions, faults, and polarity
problems with current transformers. It is particularly useful in detecting phase-to-
ground, phase to phase, and double phase-to-ground faults with magnitudes lower than
the maximum load current.
Testing:

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1. Inverse two phase then increase the three currents input gradually until getting the
function pickup. Record the pickup value
2. Apply two times the function pickup value and record the trip time.

3. IA = variable  0°
IB = variable  240° variable from 0 to pickup value
IC = variable  120°
11.1.3 loss of excitation (40)
General description:
The loss of excitation protection protects a synchronous machine from asynchronous
operation in the event of a malfunction in the excitation system and from local overheating
of the rotor. Furthermore, it prevents endangering of the network stability in the case of loss
of excitation of large synchronous machines.

Testing:
Use the impedance injection as following:
1. Set the pre-fault at 200 ms
2. Set the post-fault at time more than the Time Delay.
3. Set the current at the rate value.
4. Inject impedance from zero to –X with R= 0 up to pickup of the function, record the Z
input and the trip time.
5. Increase X up to function will not pickup, record the Z output.

Example:

Zb = 20  ( Impedance of the machine )

Xd = 40  ( Transient reactance of the machine )
X’d= 5  ( Synchronous reactance of the machine )
Center = ( Zb + X’d ) / 2 = 12.5 
Radius = Zb / 2 = 10 
The input impedance to the circle Z input = 12.5 – 10 = 2.5 
The output impedance from the circle Z output = 12.5 + 10 = 22.5 

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11.1.4 Reverse power / Anti-motoring test (32)

General description:
Reverse power protection is used to protect a turbo-generator unit in case of failure of energy
to the prime mover. In this case the synchronous generator runs as a motor and drives the
turbine whereby the required motoring energy is taken from the network.
This condition leads to overheating of the turbine blades the and must be interrupted within
a short time by tripping the network circuit-breaker.
For the generator, there is the additional risk that, in case of a malfunctioning residual steam
pass (defective stop valves) after the switching off of the circuit breakers, the turbine-
generator-unit is speeded up, thus reaching an over speed. For this reason, the system
isolation should only be performed after a detected active power input.

Testing:
Va, Vb, and Vc are vector-phase voltages, IA, IB and IC are vector-phase currents, P is the
active output power, and Q is the reactive output power. If the value of P is greater than
Setting the relay will operate.

1. Set the three voltage input at nominal value.

2. Set the angle between current and voltage at 180.
3. Increase the current input until getting the function pickup, record the pickup
value.
4. Apply two times the pickup value and record the trip times.

IA = variable  180° variable from 0 to pick up value

IB = variable A  60°
IC = variable A  300°
VA =PU V  0°
VB =PU V  240°

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VC = PU V  120°

11.1.5 Overcurrent with voltage restraint 51V

General description:
The overcurrent time protection represents the short-circuit protection for small or low
voltage machines. For larger machines it is used as back-up protection for the machine
short-circuit protection (differential protection and/or impedance protection). It provide the
back-up protection for network faults which are not promptly disconnected and thus may
endanger the machine.

Testing:

1. Set the voltage at rated value.

2. apply three current 1.2 X pickup, 1.5 X pickup and 2 X pickup record the trip time
and calculate the deviation from the curve values. The deviation should not exceed 5%.
3. Repeat the step2 for following voltage values:
 0.9 PU.
 0.5 PU.
 0V

IA = 1.2 / 1.5 / 2 x pickup 0°

IB = 1.2 / 1.5 / 2 x pickup 240°

IC = 1.2 / 1.5 / 2 x pickup 120°

VA =rate/ 0.9 pu / 0.5 pu/ 0 V 0°

VB = rate/ 0.9 pu/ 0.5 pu/ 0 V 240°

VC = rate/ 0.9 pu/ 0.5 pu/ 0 V 120°

11.1.6 Stator ground 64G

General description:
The stator earth fault protection detects earth faults in the stator windings of three phase
machines. The machine can be operated in bus-bar connection (directly connected to the
network) or in block connection (via machine transformer). The criterion for the occurrence
of an earth fault is mainly the occurrence of a neutral displacement voltage. This principle
results in a protected zone of 90% to 95% of the stator winding.

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Testing:

1. Increase the voltage input gradually from zero until getting the pickup value,
record the pickup value.
2. Apply two time the pickup value and record the trip time.

VA = variable V 0° variable from 0 to pickup value

11.1.7 Volts/Hertz Overexcitation (24)

General description:
The overexcitation protection is used to detect impermissible overexcitation conditions which
can endanger generators and transformers. Such conditions are caused by an increase in
voltage and/or a reduction in frequency. The overexcitation protection must pick up when
the induction admissible for the protected object .

Testing:

1. At 60 HZ, increase the voltage input gradually until getting the pickup value,
record the pickup value.
2. AT 60 HZ, apply 1.2 time the pickup value, record the trip time.

VA =variable V 0° IA = 0 0°
VB = variable V 240° IB = 0 A 240°
VC = variable V 120° IC = 0 A 120°

11.1.8 Positive-sequence overvoltage 59

General description:
Overvoltage protection serves to protect the electrical machine, and the associated electrical
plant connected to it, from the effects of impermissible voltage increases.
Overvoltages can be caused by incorrect manual operation of the excitation system, faulty
operation of the automatic voltage regulator, (full) load shedding of a generator, separation
of the generator from the system or during island operation.

Testing:

1. Set all current inputs to 0.

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2. Increase the voltage input gradually until getting the pickup value, record the pickup
value.
3. Apply 1.2 time the pickup value, record the trip time.

VA =variable V 0°
VB = variable V 240°
VC = variable V 120°
IA = 0 0°
IB = 0 A 240°
IC = 0 A 120°

11.1.9 Underfrequency unit 81-1u

General description:
The frequency protection function detects abnormally high and low frequencies in the
system. If the frequency lies outside the allowable range, appropriate actions are initiated,
such as separating a generator from the system.
A decrease in system frequency occurs when the system experiences an increase in the real
power demand, or when a malfunction occurs with a generator governor or automatic
generation control (AGC) system. The under frequency protection is also used for generators
which (for a certain time) function on an island network. This is due to the fact that the
reverse power protection cannot operate in case of a drive power failure. The generator can
be disconnected from the power system by means of the under frequency protection.

Testing:

1. Set all current inputs to 0. Set the voltage (rms) inputs to:

VA = rate V 0° IA = 0 0°
VB =rate V 240° IB = 0 A 240°
VC = rate V 120° IC = 0 A 120°
Frequency: variable from 60 to pickup value by decreasing

2. decrease the frequency gradually from 60 HZ until getting the pickup value, the relay
will operate after the appropriate Trip Time. Record the pickup value and the trip time.

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11.1.10 Overrfrequency unit 81-1O

General description:
An increase in system frequency occurs when large blocks of load are removed from the
system, or again when a malfunction occurs with a generator governor or AGC system.

Testing:

1. Set all current inputs to 0. Set the voltage (rms) inputs to:

VA =rate V 0° IA = 0 0°
VB = rate V 240° IB = 0 A 240°
VC = rate V 120° IC = 0 A 120°
Frequency: variable from 60 to pickup value by increasing

2. increase the frequency gradually from 60 HZ until getting the pickup value, the relay
will operate after the appropriate Trip Time. Record the pickup value and the trip time.
11.1.11 POSITIVE SEQUENCE UNDERVOLTAGE 27
General description:
Under voltage protection detects and reports abnormally low voltage conditions, some of
which could be related to system stability problems (voltage collapse, etc.).
Two-pole short circuits or earth faults cause an asymmetrical voltage collapse. Compared
with three monophase measuring systems, the detection of the positive phase sequence
system is not influenced by these procedures and is advantageous especially with regard to
the judgement of stability problems.

Testing:

1. Set all current inputs to 0.

2. apply the voltage from nominal value and decrease gradually the voltage up to the pickup
value, record the threshold value and trip time.
END OF PERIODIC TNG
VA =variable V 0° IA = 0 0°
VB = variable V 240° IB = 0 A 240°
VC = variable V 120° IC = 0 A 120°
variable from rate voltage to applied voltage

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11.1.12 THIRD HARMONIC STATOR GROUND 27TN

General description:
the measuring procedure based on the fundamental wave of the displacement voltage serves
to protect maximally 90 % to 95 % of the stator winding. A non-line-frequent voltage must
be used to implement a 100 % protection range. The 3rd harmonic is used for this purpose.
The 3rd harmonic is created in each machine in a more or less significant way. It is provoked
by the shape of the poles. If an earth fault occurs in the generator stator winding, the division
ratio of the parasitic capacitances changes, as one of the capacitances was short-circuited
by the earth fault. During this procedure, the 3rd harmonic measured in the star point
decreases, whereas the 3rd harmonic measured at the generator terminals increases. The
3rd harmonic forms a zero phase sequence system and can thus also be determined by
means of the voltage transformer switched in star/delta or by calculating the zero phase-
sequence system from the phase-earth-voltages.

Testing:
1. Decrease the voltage ( 180 HZ) input gradually from rated value until getting the
pickup value, record the pickup value.

VA = variable V (180 HZ) 0° variable from rate V to pickup value

11.1.13 OUT OF STEP PROTECTION (78)

General description:
In extensive high-voltage networks, short-circuits which are not disconnected quickly
enough, or disconnection of coupling links which may result in an increasing of the
coupling reactance, may lead to system swings. These consist of power swings which
endanger the stability of the power transmission. Stability problems result in particular
from active power swings which can lead to pole slipping and thus to overloading of
the synchronous machines.
The out-of-step protection detects these power swings by the well-proven impedance
measurement. The trajectory of the complex impedance vector is evaluated. The
impedance is calculated from the positive sequence components of the voltages and
currents. Trip decision is made dependent of the rate of change of the impedance
vector and on the location of the electrical center of the power swing.
Testing:
1. Fault type: three phase faults A-B-C
2. Decrease the fault impedance from outside the power swing zone to inside the power
swing zone with angle of 60 with an impedance speed rate less than 200 Ω/s.

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3. Increase the fault impedance from inside the power swing zone to outside the power
swing zone with fault angle 105 with an impedance speed rate less than 200 Ω/s.
4. Record the protection tripping impedance.

11.2 Transformer protection:

11.2.1 Transformer differential test (87T):

General description:
The Transformer differential protection will protect the Transformer from any internal
short circuit located between the two CTs supplying the 87T protection.

Testing:

1. To test the pickup value in the HV side: increase the current input gradually from zero until
the function pickup, repeat the test for all phases (A, B, C).
2. Apply two times the pickup value and record the trip time.
3. Repeat the steps 1 &2 for the MV side.

IA = variable 0°
IB = variable 240° variable from 0 to pickup value
IC = variable 120°

11.2.2 Restricted Earth Fault protection (64REF)

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General description:
An external fault in the star side will result in current flowing in the line current
transformer of the affected phase and at the same time a balancing current flows in
the neutral current transformer, hence the resultant current in the relay is therefore
zero. So this REF relay will not be actuated for external earth fault. But during internal
fault the neutral current transformer only carries the unbalance fault current and
operation of Restricted Earth Fault Relay takes place. This scheme of restricted earth
fault protection is very sensitive for internal earth fault of electrical power transformer.
Testing:
1. To test the pickup value in the HV side, increase the current input gradually from zero until
the function pickup , repeat the test for all phases (A, B, C).
2. Apply two times the pickup value and record the trip time.
3. To test the pickup value from the neutral side, increase the current input gradually from
zero until the function pickup, record the pickup value.

IA = variable 0°
IB = variable 240° variable from 0 to pickup value
IC = variable 120°

11.2.3 Transformer Neutral Over current (51NT)

General description:

Backup protection of electrical transformer is simple Over Current and Earth Fault
protection applied against external short circuit and excessive over loads. These over
current and earth Fault relays may be of Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) or
Definite Time type relays. Generally IDMT relays are connected to the in-feed side of the
transformer.
Testing:

apply three neutral current values : 1.2 X pickup, 1.5 X pickup and 2 X pickup record the
trip time and calculate the deviation from the curve values. The deviation should not exceed
5%.

11.2.4 Transformer phase Over current (51)

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General description:
See 11.1.5
Testing:
apply three current 1.2 X pickup, 1.5 X pickup and 2 X pickup record the trip time and
calculate the deviation from the curve values. The deviation should not exceed 5%.

11.2.5 Transformer over fluxing(24)

General description:
See 11.1.7
Testing:

1. At 60 HZ, increase the voltage input gradually until getting the pickup value, record the
pickup value.
2. AT 60 HZ, apply 1.2 time the pickup value, record the trip time.

VA =variable V 0°
VB = variable V 240°
VC = variable V 120°

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CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTS

(Insulation Resistance, Ratio, Polarity)

- General Data and Information:

Panel No. Frequency

CT No. CT Serial No. Ph.R
CT Make CT Serial No. Ph.Y
CT Type CT Serial No. Ph.B
Year of Standard IEC 185 (Now IEC
Manufacture 60044-1;60044-
6;61869-2)
- C.T NAME PLATE DATA:

Core # Ratio Class ALF/FS Burden (VA) Purpose

CT1-1
CT1-1

CT1-2

CT1-2

CT1-3

CT1-3

1. Mechanical Check and Visual Inspection:

S. NO: DESCRIPTION Remarks

1 Inspect for any physical damage/ defects.
2 Check outdoor secondary wiring terminations are Healthy condition
3 Check tightness of all bolted connections
4 Check that all grounding cables are securely connected.
5 Check secondary wiring is correctly connected
6 Check proper lugs have been used on terminations.
7 Check CT locations physically and secondary terminal are tight

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:
Signature:
Date:

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TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

2. Electrical Tests:

S. NO: DESCRIPTION DONE Remarks

1 Insulation resistance test.
2 Winding resistance measurement. If Applied
3 Polarity test & Ratio test.

4 Magnetizing current test (minimum two points above knee

point).If Applied

2.1 Insulation Resistance Test:

After disconnecting of CT earthing, carry follow tests

Applied Voltage :5 KV DC for 1 Minute for Primary – Earth.
:2.5 KV DC for 1 Minute for Primary – Secondary.
:1KV DC for 1 Minute for Secondary / Earth,Secondary /Secondary.

- Criteria : More than 1000 M Ohms for Primary – Secondary / Earth.

: More than 10 M Ohms for Secondary - Earth and between secondary’s.

Applied between Phase R (GΩ) Phase Y (GΩ) Phase B (GΩ) Remarks

Primary – Earth.

Primary – Core 1

Primary – Core 2

Primary – Core 3

Core 1 - Earth

Core 2 - Earth

Core 3 - Earth

Core 1 - Core 2

Core 1 - Core 3

Core 2 - Core 3
Note: No of cores depend on the available site CT
:Ratio and polarity tests will be performed as per site requirement

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Voltage TRANSFORMER TESTS

(Insulation Resistance, Ratio, Polarity)

- General Data & Name plate Information:

Panel No. Frequency

VT No. VT Serial No. Ph.R
VT Make VT Serial No. Ph.Y
VT Type VT Serial No. Ph.B
Primary Voltage Secondary voltage
IEC standard IEC 60044-2 VA
Class Year of Manufacture
1. Mechanical Check and Visual Inspection:
S. NO: DESCRIPTION Remarks
1 Inspect for physical damage / defects.
2 Check tightness of all bolt connections.
3 Check that all groundings are securely connected.

4 Check mechanical clearances and proper operation

of all isolating and grounding devices (if applicable).
2. Electrical Tests:
Applied Voltage
: 5000V for Primary - Earth / 1000V for Primary-Sec
: 1000V for Secondary – Earth and between secondary’s

Applied Between
Phase A Phase B Phase C Remarks

Primary - Earth
Primary-Secondary-1
Primary – Secondary 2
Secondary1 – Earth
Secondary 2 – Earth
Secondary 1–Secondary 2

Note:Measure the insulation resistance for Windings with earth & each other.
Check for earth links, The circuit should be earthed only in one point.
VT MCB is closed and earthing linked is removed while insulation resistance test.

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3. Ratio and polarity Test: Applied voltage as per site requirement.

Actual Measured
Sec. Sec. Actual Measured %
Phase Winding Terminal Polarity
Voltage Voltage Ratio Ratio Error
(V) (V)

w1
R
w2

w1
Y
w2

w1
B
w2

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DIFFERENTIAL RELAY 87T,87G

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation 87
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V TF/Gen. Vector Group
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

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3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

3.3 MEASUREMENTS :

APPLIED Load SIDE (A) APPLIED Neutral SIDE (A)

PHASE CURRENT Display CURRENT DISPLAY %ERROR
%ERROR (A) LV
(A) HV value VALUE

LIMITS: As per Relay manual

4. PICK UP TEST FOR I diff›:
Diff. Current at single side injection

HV SIDE LV SIDE
I diff> Idiff>
PHASE PICK
(A) Error % (A) PICK UP(A) Error %
UP(A)

IR = variable  0°
IY = variable  240° variable from 0 to pickup value
IB = variable  120°

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5. OPERATING TIME TEST FOR I diff›:

WINDING Phase I diff> (A) Time at 2.5xId (m. sec)

R
Load Side Y
B
r
Neutral Side y
b

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OVER CURRENT& Earth fault RELAY 50,50N/51,51N

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V Panel
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthling check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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3.2 C.T RATIO : / A

Current Injected Expected Reading Measured Primary Values (A)

(A) (A) A Er % B Er % C Er % N

3.3 V.T Ratio KV/ V:

Measured Primary Values (KV) L - L

Voltage Injected Expected Reading
Er Er Er
(V) (Ph-N) (KV) (L- L) A B C N
% % %

4. Definite Time Phase Over Current Elements 50:

i. I>(50 Element) :
Final Settings
Pickup Drop off Time @ 2xIs
PH Remarks
I> t> (A) (A) mSec.

A
B
C

5. Inverse Time Phase Over Current Elements 51:

pickup value= Ip.

time dial (the curve which you will use),=Tp.
- use the calculation sheet to get the value of expected time put the value of Tp and Ip and setting and inject
the value I/Ip (2).

A. Testing of Pickup Inverse Characteristics:

Relay Settings Pickup Drop off

PH Remarks
(A) (A)
Ip Tp
A
B
C

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B.Testing of Inverse Time Curves Over Current Characteristics :

Relay Settings Expected Time Measured Time @ Expected Time Measured

PH
Ip Tp @ I=2 A I=2 A @ I=3 A Time @ I=3 A
A=
Normal
B=
Inverse
C=
A=
Very Inverse B=
C=
A=
Extremely
B=
Inverse
C=
A=
Long Inverse B=
C=

6. Definite Time Earth Over Current Elements 50N:

-Put setting for current value and time .
- Make the difference between phase equal to (Ie>) value and other phases equal zero and raise value by the
setting value.

A. Ie > (50N-1 Element) :

Final Settings
Pickup Drop off Time @ 2xIs
PH Remarks
Ie> Te> (A) (A) mSec.

6. Inverse Time Earth Fault Elements (51N):

- Ip pickup value.
- Tp time dial (the curve which you will use).
- use the calculation sheet to get the value of expected time put the value of Tp and Ip and setting and inject
the value I/Ip(2).

7. Testing of Pickup Inverse Characteristics:

( Curve , INp = A, TNp= S)
Final Settings
Pickup Drop off
PH Remarks
Ip Tp (A) (A)

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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A. Testing of Normal Inverse Characteristics :

Time Operating time at current setting, (Sec)

Test Relay
Multiplier 2* INp 5* INp
Elem. Setting
TNp REMARKS
INp (A) Measured Cal Measured Cal
(S)
E/F

B. Testing of Very Inverse Characteristics.

Time
Relay Operating time at current setting, (Sec)
Test Multiplier
Setting
Phase TNp 2* INp 5* INp
INp (A) REMARKS
(S) Measured Cal Measured Cal
E/F

C. Testing of Extremely Inverse Characteristics.

Relay Time Operating time at current setting

Test
Setting Multiplier (Sec)
Phase
INp TNp
2* INp 5* INp
(A) (S) REMARKS
Measured Cal Measured Cal
E/F

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OVER VOLTAGE AND UNDER VOLTAGE Protection RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

METERING CHECK : PT RATIO:

Expected Value (KV) Measured Primary Value (KV)

Applied
Voltage (V)
VPH VLL Va Vb Vc Vab Vbc Vca

4.1.1 Under Voltage Protection (Stage 1):

Voltage Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Measured
Setting Voltage Voltage Set Value
Value

4.1.2 Under Voltage Protection (Stage 2):

Voltage Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Measured
Setting Voltage Voltage Set Value
Value

4.2.1 Over Voltage Protection (Stage 1)

Voltage Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Measured
Setting Voltage Voltage Set Value
Value

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4.2.2 Over Voltage Protection (Stage 2):

Voltage Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Measured
Setting Voltage Voltage Set Value
Value

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OVER FREQUENCY AND UNDER FRQUENCY RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

METERING CHECK : PT RATIO:

Expected Value (KV) Measured Primary Value (KV)

Applied
Voltage (V)
VPH VLL Va Vb Vc Vab Vbc Vca

4.1.1 Under Frequency Protection (Stage 1):

Frequency Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Setting (HZ) Frequency Frequency Set Value Measured Value

59

4.1.2Under Frequency Protection (Stage 2):

Frequency Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Setting (HZ) Frequency Frequency Set Value Measured Value

58.5

4.2.1Over Frequency Protection (Stage 1)

Frequency Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit
Setting (HZ) Frequency Frequency Set Value Measured Value

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4.2.3 Over Frequency Protection (Stage 2)

Pickup Limit Drop Off Limit Operating Time (Secs) Limit

Setting (HZ) Frequency Frequency Set Value Measured Value

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OVER FLUX PROTECTION RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

3.3 METERING CHECK : PT RATIO:.

Expected Value (KV) Measured Primary Value (KV)

Applied
Voltage (V)
VPH VLL Va Vb Vc Vab Vbc Vca

4.1 PICK UP AND DROP OF TEST

Stage 1

Pick up V/F % Drop out V/F %

Setting V/F% Fix F(HZ)
voltage Pick Up voltage Drop out

60 Hz

Pick up V/F % Drop out V/F %

Setting V/F% Fix V(V)
Frequency Pick Up Frequency Drop out
Nominal
value

Stage 2

Pick up V/F % Drop out V/F %

Setting V/F% Fix F(HZ)
voltage Pick Up voltage Drop out

60 Hz

Pick up V/F % Drop out V/F %

Setting V/F% Fix V(V)
Frequency Pick Up Frequency Drop out
Nominal
value

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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REVERSE POWER RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

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Signature:
Date:
3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

3.3 C.T RATIO : / A

Current Measured Primary Values (A)

Expected
Injected Er Er Er
Reading (A) A B C N
(A) % % %

3.4 V.T Ratio KV/ V:

Voltage Expected Measured Primary Values (KV) L - L

Injected Reading (KV) (L- Er Er Er
A B C N
(V) (Ph-N) L) % % %

4.1 PICK UP AND DROP OF TEST

Pick up Drop out

Setting 32 Fix V Error% Error%
Current current
nominal
value

4.2 OPERATING TIME TEST FOR I diff›:

Time setting Applied current Trip time found Error%

2 time the
setting

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:

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Signature:
Date:

DISTANCE RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Page
Date of final issue Revision Date of latest revision
PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE 53 of
58
13/09/2020 R1
GENERATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT (GTSD)
Electrical and Instrumentation & Control Engineering
Division (COA, WOA, EOA,SOA)

POLICY DOCUMENT ‫وثيقة سياسة‬ SEC - GO - EMM - 005 – R1

TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

Name:
Signature:
Date:
3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

3.3 C.T RATIO : / A

Current Measured Primary Values (A)

Expected
Injected Er Er Er
Reading (A) A B C N
(B) % % %

3.4 V.T Ratio KV/ V:

Voltage Expected Measured Primary Values (KV) L - L

Injected Reading (KV) (L- Er Er Er
A B C N
(V) (Ph-N) L) % % %

4. ZONE CHARACTERISTICS (Quadrilateral)

Parameter IA VA Angle IB VB Angle IC VC Angle Z

IA/VA IB/VB IC/VC
Direction Forwards
Z(Ω)
Time (ms)

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:
Signature:
Date:

Page
Date of final issue Revision Date of latest revision
PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE 54 of
58
13/09/2020 R1
GENERATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT (GTSD)
Electrical and Instrumentation & Control Engineering
Division (COA, WOA, EOA,SOA)

POLICY DOCUMENT ‫وثيقة سياسة‬ SEC - GO - EMM - 005 – R1

TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

UNDER EXCITATION RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:
Signature:

Page
Date of final issue Revision Date of latest revision
PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE 55 of
58
13/09/2020 R1
GENERATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT (GTSD)
Electrical and Instrumentation & Control Engineering
Division (COA, WOA, EOA,SOA)

POLICY DOCUMENT ‫وثيقة سياسة‬ SEC - GO - EMM - 005 – R1

TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

Date:
3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

3.3 C.T RATIO : / A

Current Measured Primary Values (A)

Expected
Injected Er Er Er
Reading (A) A B C N
(C) % % %

3.4 V.T Ratio KV/ V:

Voltage Expected Measured Primary Values (KV) L - L

Injected Reading (KV) (L- Er Er Er
A B C N
(V) (Ph-N) L) % % %

4. ZONE CHARACTERISTICS (Quadrilateral)

Parameter IA VA Angle IB VB Angle IC VC Angle Z

IA/VA IB/VB IC/VC
Z1 ( Ω )
Z2 ( Ω )
Time (ms)

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:
Signature:
Date:

Page
Date of final issue Revision Date of latest revision
PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE 56 of
58
13/09/2020 R1
GENERATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT (GTSD)
Electrical and Instrumentation & Control Engineering
Division (COA, WOA, EOA,SOA)

POLICY DOCUMENT ‫وثيقة سياسة‬ SEC - GO - EMM - 005 – R1

TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

OUT OF STEP RELAY

1. GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION.

Make Designation
Model / Type Aux. Voltage
Sr. No. VT Ratio H.V
CT Ratio H.V VT Ratio L.V
CT Ratio L.V PP#
Frequency TF/Gen . Rated Power

2. MECHANICAL CHECKS AND VISUAL INSPECTION.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Inspect for any physical damage or defects. Yes N/A
2. Verify connections as per drawing. Yes N/A
3. Check tightness of all connections. Yes N/A
4. Case earthing check. Yes N/A
5 Check for Back up battery Yes N/A

3. ELECTRICAL TESTS.

3.1 FUNCTION TESTS.

ITEM DISCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Indication/ Target checked. Yes N/A
2. Test switch / plug checked for correct function. Yes N/A
3. Test switch CT shorting checked. Yes N/A
4. Trip/ output contact checked Yes N/A
5. Binary inputs checked. Yes N/A

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:
Signature:
Date:

Page
Date of final issue Revision Date of latest revision
PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE 57 of
58
13/09/2020 R1
GENERATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPARTMENT (GTSD)
Electrical and Instrumentation & Control Engineering
Division (COA, WOA, EOA,SOA)

POLICY DOCUMENT ‫وثيقة سياسة‬ SEC - GO - EMM - 005 – R1

TITLE PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE

3.2 OUT PUT FUNCTIONS CHECKED.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OUT PUT --
CONTACTS 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
LEDs

3.3 C.T RATIO : / A

Current Measured Primary Values (A)

Expected
Injected Er Er Er
Reading (A) A B C N
(D) % % %

3.4 V.T Ratio KV/ V:

Voltage Expected Measured Primary Values (KV) L - L

Injected Reading (KV) (L- Er Er Er
A B C N
(V) (Ph-N) L) % % %

4. ZONE CHARACTERISTICS (Quadrilateral)

Z start Z end Z Angle Z delta dt Ω/s

Ramp 1 60

Ramp 2 105

Trip ( Y/N)

Crew Data Tested by Remarks

Name:
Signature:
Date:

Page
Date of final issue Revision Date of latest revision
PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING GUIDE LINE 58 of
58
13/09/2020 R1