[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
68 views3 pages

Number System Notes

The document provides essential notes on the number system, including definitions of natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, prime, and composite numbers. It outlines divisibility rules, prime numbers up to 100, and concepts of LCM and HCF, along with tricks for calculating remainders, unit digits, and factors. Additionally, it includes methods for identifying perfect squares and miscellaneous tricks related to number properties.

Uploaded by

salman22.sp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
68 views3 pages

Number System Notes

The document provides essential notes on the number system, including definitions of natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, prime, and composite numbers. It outlines divisibility rules, prime numbers up to 100, and concepts of LCM and HCF, along with tricks for calculating remainders, unit digits, and factors. Additionally, it includes methods for identifying perfect squares and miscellaneous tricks related to number properties.

Uploaded by

salman22.sp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Number System – Most Important Notes (For NTPC, SSC, etc.

1. Basic Definitions:

• Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, ... (Start from 1)


• Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
• Integers: ..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
• Rational Numbers: Numbers in the form of p/q where q ≠ 0
• Irrational Numbers: Numbers that can't be expressed as p/q (like √2, π)
• Prime Numbers: Numbers divisible by 1 and itself only. (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...)
• Composite Numbers: Numbers with more than 2 factors (4, 6, 8, 9, 10, ...)

2. Divisibility Rules (1–20):

• 2: Last digit even (0, 2, 4, 6, 8)


• 3: Sum of digits divisible by 3
• 4: Last 2 digits divisible by 4
• 5: Last digit 0 or 5
• 6: Divisible by 2 and 3 both
• 7: Double last digit and subtract from rest. Result divisible by 7
• 8: Last 3 digits divisible by 8
• 9: Sum of digits divisible by 9
• 10: Last digit 0
• 11: Alternating sum of digits divisible by 11
• 12: Divisible by 3 and 4
• 13–20: Learn through practice (less commonly asked)

3. Prime Numbers (1 to 100):

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,


31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67,
71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97
4. LCM & HCF:

• LCM (Lowest Common Multiple): Smallest number divisible by both.


• HCF (Highest Common Factor): Highest number that divides both.
• LCM × HCF = Product of two numbers

Example:
Find LCM and HCF of 12 and 18
LCM = 36, HCF = 6
12×18 = 216 = LCM × HCF = 36×6

5. Remainder Theorem Tricks:

• (a^n) ÷ b
→ Use cyclicity or Euler’s theorem (in advanced cases)
→ Find unit digit or pattern for last digit type questions
• Remainder when a number is divided by 9 or 11
→ Use sum of digits

6. Unit Digit (Last Digit) Tricks:

• Find last digit of: 7^83


Cyclicity of 7: 7, 9, 3, 1 → 4 digits pattern
83 mod 4 = 3 → Answer = 3rd digit = 3

Cyclic patterns:

• 2: 2, 4, 8, 6 (length 4)
• 3: 3, 9, 7, 1
• 4: 4, 6 (length 2)
• 5: 5 (length 1)
• 6: 6 (length 1)
• 7: 7, 9, 3, 1
• 8: 8, 4, 2, 6
• 9: 9, 1
7. Number of Factors (N = a^m × b^n ...):

• Total Factors = (m+1)(n+1)...

Example:
N = 2^3 × 3^2
Factors = (3+1)(2+1) = 4 × 3 = 12 factors

• Sum of Factors = [(a^(m+1) -1)/(a-1)] × [(b^(n+1) -1)/(b-1)] ...

8. Perfect Squares Identification:

• Unit digit should be: 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, or 9


• Never ends with: 2, 3, 7, 8
• Even number of total factors → NOT a perfect square
• Odd number of total factors → Perfect square

9. Miscellaneous Tricks:

• Number of zeroes at end = Count of 5s in prime factorization (for factorials)


• Greatest 4-digit number divisible by x → (9999 ÷ x) × x
• Smallest 5-digit number divisible by x → ((10000 + x - 1) ÷ x) × x

You might also like