Module 7: Storage

AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

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Module overview
Topics Demos
• Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon • Amazon EBS console
EBS) • Amazon S3 console
• Amazon Simple Storage Service • Amazon EFS console
(Amazon S3) • Amazon S3 Glacier console
• Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon Lab
EFS) • Working with Amazon EBS
• Amazon Simple Storage Service Activities
Glacier • Storage solution case study

Knowledge check
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Module objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
• Identify the different types of storage
• Explain Amazon S3
• Identify the functionality in Amazon S3
• Explain Amazon EBS
• Identify the functionality in Amazon EBS
• Perform functions in Amazon EBS to build an Amazon EC2 storage solution
• Explain Amazon EFS
• Identify the functionality in Amazon EFS
• Explain Amazon S3 Glacier
• Identify the functionality in Amazon S3 Glacier
• Differentiate between Amazon EBS, Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, and Amazon S3 Glacier

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Core AWS services

Amazon Amazon
S3 EBS

Amazon Amazon
EFS S3 Glacier
Amazon Virtual Amazon Elastic AWS Identity and
Private Cloud Compute Cloud Storage Access Management
(Amazon VPC) (Amazon EC2) (IAM)

Amazon Relational Amazon

Database Service DynamoDB
Database
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Section 1: Amazon Elastic Block
Store (Amazon EBS)
Module 7: Storage

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Storage

Amazon Elastic Block Store

(Amazon EBS)

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AWS storage options: Block storage versus object storage

What if you want to change one character in a 1-GB file?

Block storage Object storage

Change one block (piece of the file) Entire file must be updated
that contains the character
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Amazon EBS
Amazon EBS enables you to create individual storage volumes and
attach them to an Amazon EC2 instance:
• Amazon EBS offers block-level storage.
• Volumes are automatically replicated within its Availability Zone.
• It can be backed up automatically to Amazon S3 through snapshots.
• Uses include –
• Boot volumes and storage for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
instances
• Data storage with a file system
• Database hosts
• Enterprise applications

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Amazon EBS volume types

Solid State Drives (SSD) Hard Disk Drives (HDD)

General Purpose Provisioned IOPS Throughput- Cold
Optimized
Maximum Volume Size 16 TiB 16 TiB 16 TiB 16 TiB
Maximum IOPS/Volume 16,000 64,000 500 250
Maximum 250 MiB/s 1,000 MiB/s 500 MiB/s 250 MiB/s
Throughput/Volume

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Amazon EBS volume type use cases
Solid State Drives (SSD) Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
General Purpose Provisioned IOPS Throughput-Optimized Cold
• This type is • Critical business • Streaming workloads that • Throughput-oriented
recommended for most applications that require require consistent, fast storage for large volumes
workloads sustained IOPS throughput at a low price of data that is
performance, or more infrequently accessed
than 16,000 IOPS or 250
MiB/second of
throughput per volume
• System boot volumes • Large database • Big data • Scenarios where the
workloads lowest storage cost is
important
• Virtual desktops • Data warehouses • It cannot be a boot
volume
• Low-latency interactive
• Log processing
applications
• Development and test • It cannot be a boot
environments volume

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Amazon EBS features
• Snapshots –
• Point-in-time snapshots
• Recreate a new volume at any time
• Encryption –
• Encrypted Amazon EBS volumes
• No additional cost
• Elasticity –
• Increase capacity
• Change to different types

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Amazon EBS: Volumes, IOPS, and pricing
1. Volumes –
• Amazon EBS volumes persist independently from the instance.
• All volume types are charged by the amount that is provisioned per
month.
2. IOPS –
• General Purpose SSD:
• Charged by the amount that you provision in GB per month until storage is
released.
• Magnetic:
• Charged by the number of requests to the volume.
• Provisioned IOPS SSD:
• Charged by the amount that you provision in IOPS (multiplied by the
percentage of days that you provision for the month).

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Amazon EBS: Snapshots and data transfer
3. Snapshots –
• Added cost of Amazon EBS snapshots to Amazon S3 is per GB-
month of data stored.

4. Data transfer –
• Inbound data transfer is free.
• Outbound data transfer across Regions incurs charges.

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Section 1 key Amazon EBS features:
takeaways • Persistent and customizable block storage
for Amazon EC2
• HDD and SSD types
• Replicated in the same Availability Zone
• Easy and transparent encryption
• Elastic volumes
• Back up by using snapshots

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Recorded demo:
Amazon Elastic
Block Store

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 Lab 4:
Working with
Amazon EBS

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Lab 4: Scenario
This lab is designed to show you how to create an Amazon EBS volume.
After you create the volume, you will attach the volume to an Amazon
EC2 instance, configure the instance to use a virtual disk, create a
snapshot and then restore from the snapshot.

Attached Created
Amazon Amazon Snapshot
EC2 EBS
instance

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Lab 4: Final product

Attached Created
Amazon Amazon Snapshot
EC2 EBS
instance

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~ 30 minutes

Begin Lab 4: Working

with Amazon EBS

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 Lab debrief:
Key takeaways

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Section 2: Amazon Simple Storage
Service (Amazon S3)
Module 7: Storage

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Storage

Amazon Simple Storage Service

(Amazon S3)

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Amazon S3 overview

• Data is stored as objects in buckets

• Virtually unlimited storage
• Single object is limited to 5 TB
• Designed for 11 9s of durability
• Granular access to bucket and objects

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Amazon S3 storage classes
Amazon S3 offers a range of object-level storage classes that are
designed for different use cases:
• Amazon S3 Standard
• Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering
• Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (Amazon S3 Standard-IA)
• Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (Amazon S3 One Zone-IA)
• Amazon S3 Glacier
• Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive

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Amazon S3 bucket URLs (two styles)
Amazon S3 To upload your data:
1. Create a bucket in an AWS Region.
2. Upload almost any number of objects to the bucket.

Bucket path-style URL endpoint:

[bucket name] https://s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/bucket-name

Region code Bucket name

Bucket virtual hosted-style URL endpoint:

Preview2.mp4 https:// bucket-name.s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com
Tokyo Region
(ap-northeast-1) Bucket name Region code

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Data is redundantly stored in the Region

media/welcome.mp4
Facility 1 Facility 2 Facility 3

my-bucket-name

Region

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Designed for seamless scaling

media/welcome.mp4 prod2.mp4 prod3.mp4 prod4.mp4

prod5.mp4 prod6.mp4 prod7.mp4 prod8.mp4

my-bucket-name

prod9.mp4 prod10.mp4 prod11.mp4 prod12.mp4

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Access the data anywhere

AWS Management
AWS Command Line SDK
Console
Interface

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Common use cases
• Storing application assets
• Static web hosting
• Backup and disaster recovery (DR)
• Staging area for big data
• Many more….

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Amazon S3 common scenarios

• Backup and storage

• Application hosting
Amazon S3 buckets
• Media hosting
• Software delivery
Corporate
data center
Amazon
EC2
instances
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Amazon S3 pricing
• Pay only for what you use, including –
• GBs per month
• Transfer OUT to other Regions
• PUT, COPY, POST, LIST, and GET requests

• You do not pay for –

• Transfers IN to Amazon S3
• Transfers OUT from Amazon S3 to Amazon CloudFront or Amazon EC2 in the
same Region

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Amazon S3: Storage pricing (1 of 2)
To estimate Amazon S3 costs, consider the following:
1. Storage class type –
• Standard storage is designed for:
• 11 9s of durability
• Four 9s of availability
• S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S-IA) is designed for:
• 11 9s of durability
• Three 9s of availability
2. Amount of storage –
• The number and size of objects
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Amazon S3: Storage pricing (2 of 2)
3. Requests –
• The number and type of requests (GET, PUT, COPY)
• Type of requests:
• Different rates for GET requests than other requests.
4. Data transfer –
• Pricing is based on the amount of data that is transferred out of
the Amazon S3 Region
• Data transfer in is free, but you incur charges for data that is transferred
out.

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Section 2 key • Amazon S3 is a fully managed cloud
storage service.
takeaways
• You can store a virtually unlimited number
of objects.
• You pay for only what you use.
• You can access Amazon S3 at any time
from anywhere through a URL.
• Amazon S3 offers rich security controls.

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Recorded demo:
Amazon Simple
Storage System

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Section 3: Amazon Elastic File
System (Amazon EFS)
Module 7: Storage

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Storage

Amazon Elastic File

System (Amazon EFS)
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Amazon EFS features
• File storage in the AWS Cloud
• Works well for big data and analytics, media processing workflows,
content management, web serving, and home directories
• Petabyte-scale, low-latency file system
• Shared storage
• Elastic capacity
• Supports Network File System (NFS) versions 4.0 and 4.1 (NFSv4)
• Compatible with all Linux-based AMIs for Amazon EC2

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Amazon EFS architecture

VPC

Availability Zone A Availability Zone B Availability Zone C

Private subnet Private subnet Private subnet

Network Network Network

Interface Interface Interface

Private subnet

Network Network
Network
Interface Interface
Interface
Mount target Mount target Mount target

Elastic File System

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Amazon EFS implementation
1 Create your Amazon EC2 resources and launch your Amazon EC2 instance.

2
Create your Amazon EFS file system.

3
Create your mount targets in the appropriate subnets.

4
Connect your Amazon EC2 instances to the mount targets.

5
Verify the resources and protection of your AWS account.

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Amazon EFS resources
File system
• Mount target
• Subnet ID
• Security groups
• One or more per file system
• Create in a VPC subnet
• One per Availability Zone
• Must be in the same VPC
• Tags
• Key-value pairs

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 • Amazon EFS provides file storage over a network.
Section 3 key
• Perfect for big data and analytics, media
takeaways processing workflows, content management, web
serving, and home directories.
• Fully managed service that eliminates storage
administration tasks.
• Accessible from the console, an API, or the CLI.
• Scales up or down as files are added or removed
and you pay for what you use.

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Recorded demo:
Amazon Elastic
File System

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Section 4: Amazon S3 Glacier
Module 7: Storage

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Storage

Amazon S3 Glacier

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Amazon S3 Glacier review
Amazon S3 Glacier is a data archiving service that is designed for
security, durability, and an extremely low cost.
• Amazon S3 Glacier is designed to provide 11 9s of durability for objects.
• It supports the encryption of data in transit and at rest through Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS).
• The Vault Lock feature enforces compliance through a policy.
• Extremely low-cost design works well for long-term archiving.
• Provides three options for access to archives—expedited, standard, and
bulk—retrieval times range from a few minutes to several hours.

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Amazon S3 Glacier

• Storage service for low-cost data

archiving and long-term backup
• You can configure lifecycle
Archive after Delete after
archiving of Amazon S3 content to 30 days 5 years
Amazon S3 Glacier
Amazon Amazon
• Retrieval options – S3 bucket S3 Glacier
Archive
• Standard: 3–5 hours
• Bulk: 5–12 hours
• Expedited: 1–5 minutes

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Amazon S3 Glacier use cases

Media asset archiving

Healthcare information archiving

Regulatory and compliance archiving

Scientific data archiving

Digital preservation

Magnetic tape replacement

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Using Amazon S3 Glacier

RESTful
web services

Java or .NET
SDKs

Amazon S3 with
lifecycle policies

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Lifecycle policies
Amazon S3 lifecycle policies enable you to delete or move objects
based on age.

Amazon S3 Amazon S3 Amazon Delete

Standard Standard - S3 Glacier
Infrequent
Access

30 days 60 days 365 days

Preview2.mp4 Preview2.mp4 Preview2.mp4

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Storage comparison
Amazon S3 Amazon S3 Glacier
Data Volume No limit No limit
Average Latency ms minutes/hours
Item Size 5 TB maximum 40 TB maximum
Cost/GB per Month Higher cost Lower cost
PUT, COPY, POST,
Billed Requests UPLOAD and retrieval
LIST, and GET
¢ ¢¢
Retrieval Pricing
Per request Per request and per GB

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Server-side encryption

Corporate AWS Cloud

data center

https Your Applications on

Amazon EC2 Amazon EC2

AWS Cloud

Data is encrypted Your application must

by default enable server-side encryption

Amazon S3 Glacier Amazon S3

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Security with Amazon S3 Glacier

Control access with

IAM

Amazon S3 Glacier
encrypts your data with
AES-256
Amazon
S3 Glacier
Amazon S3 Glacier
manages your keys for you
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Section 4 key • Amazon S3 Glacier is a data archiving
service that is designed for security,
takeaways durability, and an extremely low cost.
• Amazon S3 Glacier pricing is based on
Region.
• Its extremely low-cost design works well for
long-term archiving.
• The service is designed to provide 11 9s of
durability for objects.

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Recorded demo:
Amazon S3
Glacier

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Activity: Storage
Case Studies

Photo by Pixabay from Pexels.

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Storage case study activity (1 of 3)
Case 1: A data analytics company for travel sites must store billions of customer events per day.
They use the data analytics services that are in the diagram. The following diagram illustrates their
architecture.

Amazon API Gateway Amazon Kinesis AWS Lambda

Amazon Kinesis
Data Firehose

Amazon Elastic Container Amazon Kinesis

Service

Storage ??

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Storage case study activity (2 of 3)
Case 2: A collaboration software company processes email for enterprise customers. They have
more than 250 enterprise customers and more than half a million users. They must store petabytes
of data for their customers. The following diagram illustrates their architecture.

Elastic Load Balancing

Corporate data
center

Storage ??

Amazon EC2 instances

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Storage case study activity (3 of 3)
Case 3: A data protection company must be able to ingest and store large amounts of customer data
and help their customers meet compliance requirements. They use Amazon EC2 for scalable
compute and Amazon DynamoDB for duplicate data and metadata lookups. The following diagram
illustrates their architecture.

Amazon Amazon
EC2 DynamoDB

Clients

Storage ??

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Module wrap-up
Module 7: Storage

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Module summary
In summary, in this module, you learned how to:
• Identify the different types of storage
• Explain Amazon S3
• Identify the functionality in Amazon S3
• Explain Amazon EBS
• Identify the functionality in Amazon EBS
• Perform functions in Amazon EBS to build an Amazon EC2 storage solution
• Explain Amazon EFS
• Identify the functionality in Amazon EFS
• Explain Amazon S3 Glacier
• Identify the functionality in Amazon S3 Glacier
• Differentiate between Amazon EBS, Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, and Amazon S3 Glacier

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Complete the knowledge check

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 Sample exam question
A company wants to store data that is not frequently accessed. What is the best and cost-effective
solution that should be considered?

Choice Response

A AWS Storage Gateway

B Amazon Simple Storage Service Glacier

C Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)

D Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

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Sample exam question answer
A company wants to store data that is not frequently accessed. What is the best and cost-effective
solution that should be considered?

The correct answer is B. Amazon Simple Storage Service Glacier

The keywords in the question are “not frequently accessed” and “cost-effective solution.”

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Additional resources
• AWS Storage page: https://aws.amazon.com/products/storage/

• Storage Overview: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-overview/storage-

services.html

• Recovering files from an Amazon EBS volume backup: https:

//aws.amazon.com/blogs/compute/recovering-files-from-an-amazon-ebs-volume-backup/

• Confused by AWS Storage Options? S3, EFS, EBS Explained: https://dzone.com/articles/confused-

by-aws-storage-options-s3-ebs-amp-efs-explained

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Thank you

Corrections, feedback, or other questions?

Contact us at https://support.aws.amazon.com/#/contacts/aws-academy.
All trademarks are the property of their owners.

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