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Quantum Computing Fundamentals

Quantum computing uses qubits that can exist in superposition, allowing them to represent multiple values simultaneously, vastly exceeding the capabilities of classical computers. Major companies are racing to develop functional quantum computers, with Google claiming quantum supremacy in 2019. The technology holds promise for revolutionizing fields like cryptography and drug discovery, but practical applications require the creation of fault-tolerant quantum computers, which are still in development.

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20 views1 page

Quantum Computing Fundamentals

Quantum computing uses qubits that can exist in superposition, allowing them to represent multiple values simultaneously, vastly exceeding the capabilities of classical computers. Major companies are racing to develop functional quantum computers, with Google claiming quantum supremacy in 2019. The technology holds promise for revolutionizing fields like cryptography and drug discovery, but practical applications require the creation of fault-tolerant quantum computers, which are still in development.

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Fundamentals of Quantum Computing

Core Concepts of Quantum Mechanics

In contrast to classical computers that operate using bits (0 or 1), quantum computers
utilize quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition, allowing them to
represent both 0 and 1 at the same time. This unique characteristic arises from
quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. A quantum
computer equipped with 300 qubits could theoretically encode more values than there
are atoms in the observable universe.

Recent Advancements

Leading technology firms, including Google, IBM, and Microsoft, along with various
startups, are in a competitive race to create functional quantum computers. In 2019,
Google announced it had achieved quantum supremacy with its 53-qubit Sycamore
processor, which completed a task in 200 seconds that would take a traditional
supercomputer approximately 10,000 years. Current hurdles include quantum
decoherence, which involves maintaining the stability of qubits, and the need for
effective error correction methods.

Future Prospects

Quantum computing has the potential to transform numerous sectors, including


cryptography (by breaking existing encryption methods), drug discovery (through the
simulation of molecular interactions), materials science (for the design of
superconductors), and optimization challenges (such as logistics and financial
modeling). However, most viable applications will necessitate the development of fault-
tolerant quantum computers, which are not yet available.

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