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Vortex Flow

The document discusses vortex flow, which occurs when a liquid in a rotating cylindrical vessel flows in a curved path around a fixed axis. It describes two types of vortex flow: forced vortex flow, where the vessel is actively rotated, and free vortex flow. Additionally, it includes examples and equations related to the behavior of liquid surfaces under varying rotational speeds in cylindrical vessels.

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Lasith wijesinghe
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20 views21 pages

Vortex Flow

The document discusses vortex flow, which occurs when a liquid in a rotating cylindrical vessel flows in a curved path around a fixed axis. It describes two types of vortex flow: forced vortex flow, where the vessel is actively rotated, and free vortex flow. Additionally, it includes examples and equations related to the behavior of liquid surfaces under varying rotational speeds in cylindrical vessels.

Uploaded by

Lasith wijesinghe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VORTEX FLOW

If we take a cylindrical vessel,


containing some liquid, and start
rotating it, about its vertical axis, we
see that the liquid will also start
revolving along with the vessel. After
some time, we shall see that the
liquid surface no longer remains
level.
But it has been depressed down at
the axis of its rotation & has risen up
near the wall of the vessel on all
sides. This type of flow, in which a
liquid flows continuously round a
curved path about a fixed axis of
rotation is called vortex flow.
The vortex flows are of the following
two types.

1. Forced vortex flow


2. Free vortex flow
Forced vortex flow
It is a type of vortex flow, in which
the vessel, containing a liquid is
forced to rotate about the fixed
vertical axis with the help of a
torque. If the applied torque is
removed the rotational motion will
be slowly destroyed.
Now consider a cylindrical vessel
containing a liquid initially up to AA
as shown in the figure (a).
Let the vessel be rotated about its
vertical axis o-o. It will be noticed
that the liquid surface, in the vessel,
no longer remains level. But it has
depressed down at the axis of its
rotation & has risen up near the wall
of the vessel on all sides as shown in
the figure(b).
If the vessel is revolved with an
increased angular velocity, it will be
noticed that the liquid has depressed
down to a greater extent at its axis of
rotation, & at the same time, it has
also risen up to a greater height near
the wall of the vessel as shown in the
figure (c).
If we go on increasing the velocity of
rotation, a stage will come when the
liquid starts spilling out of the vessel.
If we still go on increasing the
velocity of rotation the depression of
liquid, at its axis of rotation, will also
go on increasing, till the axial depth
of the liquid in zero.
Equation of Forced Vortex Flow
Consider a cylindrical vessel
containing initially a liquid up to AA
as shown in the figure(a).
Now consider an instant when the
vessel, containing the liquid, is
revolved about its vertical axis, such
that the liquid level attains a curved
surface as shown in figure (b).
Eg. 1 :
Cylinder of 100mm diameter contains
a liquid to a depth of 300mm. Find
the depth of the parabola, which the
liquid surface will assume, if the
cylinder is rotated about its vertical
axis at 400 r.p.m.
Eg.2:
An open circular cylinder of 200mm
diameter & 1.2m long contains water
up to a height of 0.8 m. Find the
speed at which the cylinder is to be
rotated about its vertical axis, so that
axial depth of the water becomes
zero.
Eg.3:
A cylindrical vessel of 200mm
diameter & 500mm height is full of
water. If the vessel is rotated about
its vertical axis, with a speed of 450
r.p.m., find the volume of water left
in the vessel.

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