Normal Distribution

It is the probability distribution of continuous random variable. ie variable

whose magnitude changes continuously.eg Height , Weight , temperature
etc.

If X is a random variable which follows Normal distribution with mean µ and

variance σ 2

X ~ N( μ , σ ¿

The probability density function of X is denoted by f(x) and is given by

1 −1( x−μ)
2

f(x) = 2σ
2
-∞ < x <∞
σ √2 π e

μ denotes mean and σ denotes standard deviation.

μand σ are known as parameters of the distribution.

The graph y = f(X) is the frequency curve of Normal distribution & is called
Normal Curve.

Properties of Normal Curve.

i. Normal curve is a symmetric bell shaped curve, symmetric about the

mean.

i. For a Normal distribution values of Mean , Median , Mode are

identical

ii. Normal curve comes closer to x axis, as x moves away from mean μbut
it never touches the x axis.

iii. The total area under the Normal curve is Unity

iii. The position & shape of Normal curve depends on values of N, μ and σ

Normal distribution with same mean and different standard deviations

• Normal distribution with same mean and standard deviation and
different N

• If X ~ N( μ , σ ¿ we define new variable

x−μ
Z=
σ

• Z is known as Standard Normal Variable

• Z~N(0,1)

1 −z
2

• f(Z) = e 2 −∞ < Z <∞

√2 π
• Total area under Standard Normal Curve is 1.

• Since Normal curve is symmetric about its mean

 • area to left of 0 = area to the right of 0 = 0.5

Q1. an intelligent test administered to 1000 persons. The average IQ was 80

with a standard deviation 15.

i. How many persons had their IQ between 70 and 110

ii. What was the percentage of persons with IQ above 100

P(z < 0.67 ) = 0.7486

P(z < 2 ) = 0. 9772

P(0<Z<1.33) = 0.4082

X: IQ of people

N = 1000

μ=¿80 , σ = 15

X ~ N( μ=¿80 , σ = 15)

i. To find no. of persons with IQ between 70 and 110

70−80 x−μ 110−80

P(70 < X< 110) = P( < < )
15 σ 15

= P( -0.67 < Z< 2)

=P( -0.67 < Z< 0) + P( 0 < Z< 2)

= 0.2486 + 0.4772

=0.7258
 • Expected No. of persons = N * probability

= 1000 x 0.7258

= 725.8 = 726 persons

ii. To find no. of persons with IQ more than 100

x−μ 100−80
P( X> 100) = P( > )
σ 15

= P( Z> 1.33)

=P( Z> 0) - P( 0 < Z< 1.33)

= 0.5 – 0.4082

=0.0918

• Expected No. of persons = N * probability

= 1000 x 0.0198
 = 91.8 = 92 persons

Q2. A firm has 3000 accounts which are normally distributed with a mean of
10000 and s.d. 1000. Find

i. The number of accounts with amounts lying between Rs.8000 and

Rs.11000

ii. The number of accounts with amounts Rs.7500 or less

P(Z< 2) =0.9772

P(0<Z<1) = 0.3413

P(Z< 2.5) =0.9938

X: amount of account

N = 3000

μ=¿10000 , σ = 1000

X ~ N( μ=¿10000 , σ = 1000)

i. To find no. of accounts with amount between 8000 and 11000

8000−10000 x−μ 11000−10000

P(8000 < X< 11000) =P( < < )
1000 σ 1000

= P( -2 < Z< 1)

=P( -2 < Z< 0) + P( 0 < Z< 1)

= 0.4772 + 0.3413

=0.8185
Expected Number = N * probability

= 3000 x 0.8185

= 2456 accounts

Q3. A survey of 10,000 TV sets revealed that the life of picture tubes is
normally distributed with mean 1000 hours and s.d.100 hours.

i. How many picture tubes lasted more than 800 hrs?

ii. How many picture tubes lasted between 1000 and 1100 hrs?

iii. Find percentage of tubes with life between 800 and 1000 hrs?

P(0<Z< 2) =0.4772

P(Z<1) = 0.8413

X: life of picture tubes

N = 10000

μ=¿1000 , σ = 100

X ~ N( μ=¿1000 , σ = 100)

i. To find no. picture tubes lasted more than 800 hrs?

x−μ 800−1000
P( X> 800) =P( > )
σ 100
 = P( Z> -2)

=P( -2 < Z< 0) + P( Z>0)

= 0.4772 + 0.5

=0.9772

• Expected Number = N * probability

= 10000 x 0.9772

= 9772 picture tubes

ii. How many picture tubes lasted between 1000 and 1100 hrs?

1000−1000 x−μ 1100−1000

P( 1000<X< 1100) =P( < < )
100 σ 100

=P( 0<Z< 1)

= P( Z< 1) -P( Z< 0)

=0.8413- 0.5

=0.3413

• Expected Number = N * probability

= 10000 x 0.3413

= 3413 picture tubes

iii. Percentage of picture tubes lasted between 800 and 1000 hrs?

800−1000 x−μ 1000−1000

P( 800<X< 1000) =P( < < )
100 σ 100

=P( -2<Z< 0)

= P( 0<Z< 2)

=0.4772

iii. Percentage of picture tubes lasted between 800 and 1000 hrs?

800−1000 x−μ 1000−1000

P( 800<X< 1000) =P( < < )
100 σ 100

=P( -2<Z< 0)

= P( 0<Z< 2)

=0.4772

Expected Number = N * probability

= 10000 x 0.4772

= 4772 picture tubes

4772 picture tubes out of 10000

? Out of 100 = 47.72

= 47.72%
Q4. The weight of 5000 NCC cadets are found to be normally distributed
with mean 50 Kg and s.d. 5 kg. To improve the standard of organisation it is
decided to retain only those with weight between 42.5 Kg & 65 Kg. Find the
number of cadets that will have to be discarded due to the decision?

Solution

X: weight of NCC cadets

N = 5000

μ=5 0 , σ = 5

X ~ N( μ=5 0 , σ = 5)

Q4. The weight of 5000 NCC cadets are found to be normally distributed
with mean 50 Kg and s.d. 5 kg. To improve the standard of organisation it is
decided to retain only those with weight between 42.5 Kg & 65 Kg. Find the
number of cadets that will have to be discarded due to the decision?

Solution

X: weight of NCC cadets

N = 5000

μ=5 0 , σ = 5

X ~ N( μ=5 0 , σ = 5)

• Expected No. of cadets with required weight = N * probability

= 5000 x 0.93185

=4659 cadets
4659 cadets will have to be retained

5000 – 4659 = 341 cadets will have to be discarded

Q5. Monthly salaries of 1000 workers is normally distributed with mean Rs.
6000 and s.d. Rs. 500.

i. Find number of workers with salary more than Rs. 5000

ii. Find number of workers with salary more than Rs.5000 and less than
Rs.7000

iii. Find number of workers with salary less than Rs.6500

Hint

P(0<Z< 1) = 0.3413

P(0<Z<2) = 0.4772

Solution

X: Monthly salaries of workers

N = 1000

μ=¿ 6000 , σ = 500

X ~ N( μ=¿6000 , σ = 500)

i. Find number of workers with salary more than Rs. 5000

x−μ 5000−6000
P(X> 5000) =P( > )
σ 500

=P( Z> -2)

= P( -2<Z< 0) +P( Z> 0)

= 0.4772 + 0.5

= 0.9772

• Expected No = N * probability

= 1000 x 0.9772
 =977.2 = 977 workers

ii. Find number of workers with salary more than Rs.5000 and less than
Rs.7000

5000−6000 x−μ 7000−6000

P(5000<X< 7000) =P( < < )
500 σ 500

=P( -2<Z< 2)

= P( -2<Z< 0) +P( 0<Z<2)

= 0.4772 + 0.4772

= 0.9544

Expected No = N * probability

= 1000 x 0.9544

=954.4 = 954 workers

iii. Find number of workers with salary less than Rs.6500

x−μ 6500−6000
P(X< 6500) =P( < )
σ 500

=P( Z < 1)

= P( Z< 0) +P( 0<Z<1 )

= 0.5 + 0.3413

= 0.8413

• Expected No = N * probability

= 1000 x 0.8413

=841.3 = 841 workers

Q6 Distribution of marks obtained by a group of 500 students is normally
distributed with mean 70 and s.d. 15.

i. Find number of students with marks more than Rs. 85

ii. Find number of students with marks less than Rs. 50

iii. Find percentage of students with marks more than Rs. 40 and less
than 80

Hint

P(0<Z< 1) = 0.3413

P(0<Z<2) = 0.4772

P(0<Z< 1.33) = 0.4082

P(0<Z<0.66) = 0.2454

Solution

X: Marks

N = 500

μ=¿ 70 , σ = 15

X ~ N( μ=¿70 , σ = 15)

i. Find number of students with marks more than 85

x−μ 85−70
P(X> 85) =P( > )
σ 15

=P( Z> 1)

= P( Z> 0)- P( 0<Z< 1)

= 0.5 - 0.3413

= 0.1587

• Expected No = N * probability

= 500 x 0.1587

=79.35 = 79 students
• Expected No = N * probability

= 500 x 0.7226

=361.3 = 361 students