Class - 10
❖ Definition: “The biochemical process in which food is broken down to release energy in
cell.”
❖ Types of respiration: [ Types of cellular respiration /Oxidation of food]
It is common process in all livings but of two types:
AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
1.It is the process of breakdown of food in 1. It is the process of breaking down of
the presence of oxygen to release energy. food in the absence of oxygen to release
energy.
2. In it there is complete breakdown of 2. In it there is incomplete breakdown of
food/glucose occur. food takes place.
3. End product is CO2 & H2O. 3. End product is either ethanol & CO2 (in
yeast or lactic acid in muscles.
4. It release more energy (38 ATP) 4. It releases less energy (2 ATP)
❖ FATE OF GLUCOSE:
FERMENTATION
Glycolysis
(universal)
❖ When anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles in our body?
During vigorous exercise (when not habituated) to fulfill extra requirement of oxygen.
❖ Lactic acid causes muscle ache and gradually dissolved into CO2 & H2 O.
❖ ATP release 30.5KJ/mol energy when converted into ADP using water.
RESPIRATION IN HUMAN
Respiratory Breathing Exchange of gases Oxidation
Organs of food
MANISHA SONI
MANISHA SONI
Epiglottis: Cartilaginous flap like structure present at the starting between trachea and food pipe. Prevent entry of
food in trachea during swallowing.
BREATHING
‘’The process of intake of oxygen and expelling out of carbon dioxide is called breathing.”
It is completed into two steps
1. INHALATION: The process of intake of oxygen. It occur as follows :-
a. Ribcage move outward and upward due to contraction of intercostal muscle.
b. Diaphragm become flat.
These two process increase volume of chest cavity and decrease in air pressure to maintain which we inhale.
2. EXHALATION: The process of expelling out of air . It occur as follows :
a. Ribcage move downward and inward
b. Diaphragm become dome shaped.
These two process cause decrease in volume of chest cavity and increase in air pressure to maintain which we
exhale.
# RESIDUAL VOLUME : The amount of air left in the lungs after a person fully exhales.
It is important to open alveoli all the time for proper exchange of gases.
# Breathing organs and process of breathing are different in different organisms. As
1. Fishes : Gills 2. Amoeba : General body surface 3. Earthworm : skin 4. Frog: skin in water & lungs on
land.
MANISHA SONI
Q: Why the rate of breathing is more in aquatic organism than in terrestrials?
Ans: Since the amount of oxygen is fairly low compared to the amount of oxygen in air so………
# Special feature of all respiratory organs:
a. Respiratory organs should large surface area to get enough oxygen.
b. Respiratory organs should have thin wall for easy diffusion.
c. respiratory organs should richly supplied with blood vessels.
EXCHANGE OF GASES
1. Percentage of oxygen in alveolar air is more than
blood so it diffuses into blood.
2. In blood 3% oxygen dissolve in plasma and 97% enter
hemoglobin and form oxyhemoglobin and transported
throughout the body.
3. In tissue percentage of CO2 is more than O2 . So oxygen
diffuses in and CO2 out .
Hb + O2 4. CO2 dissolved in plasma and transported to lungs.
( oxyhemoglobin) 5. In alveoli due to more concentration of CO2 in blood with
respect to alveolar air CO2 diffuses out in alveolar air.
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
1. All parts of plants perform respiration individually not like animal as single unit.
2. Respiration occurs at slow rate.
3. Plants take O2 & CO2 by diffusion through stomata, old stems by Lenticels.
MANISHA SONI
